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Introducción: En la aparición de las enfermedades crónicas durante las edades pediátricas y la adolescencia, la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino se considera un factor clave. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino y las enfermedades no trasmisibles durante las edades pediátricas. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa con búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed, SciELO, LILACS y Google académico en los últimos cinco años sobre el tema que se trata. Se examinaron artículos originales, de revisión y capítulos de libros. Se utilizaron las palabras clave: retardo del crecimiento fetal, factores de riesgo cardiometabólicoy atención integrada a las enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia. Se descartaron aquellos artículos no pertinentes o que tuvieran deficiencias metodológicas notables. Análisis y síntesis de la información: Se expusieron las definiciones de pequeño para la edad gestacional y restricción del crecimiento intrauterino, se mostró la clasificación más actualizada, se mencionaron las enfermedades que aparecen en la infancia en estos recién nacidos de riesgo y se señalaron sus mecanismos. Conclusiones: El antecedente de restricción del crecimiento intrauterino se relaciona con alteraciones del crecimiento pondoestatural, del neurodesarrollo; el síndrome metabólico; las afecciones cardiovasculares; las enfermedades endocrinas, hepáticas, respiratorias, del sistema inmunológico y renales, los trastornos auditivos y de la visión. Estas afecciones se presentan en etapas tempranas de la vida como la infancia y la adolescencia(AU)
Introduction: In the occurrence of chronic diseases during pediatric ages and adolescence, intrauterine growth restriction is considered a key factor. Objective: To determine the relationship between intrauterine growth restriction and noncommunicable diseases during pediatric ages. Methods: A narrative review was performed with a literature search in Pubmed, SciELO, LILACS and Google Scholar in the last five years on the topic under discussion. Original articles, review articles and book chapters were examined. The keywords used were: fetal growth retardation, cardiometabolic risk factors, integrated care for prevalent childhood diseases. Articles that were not relevant or had notable methodological deficiencies were discarded. Analysis and synthesis of the information: The definitions of small for gestational age and intrauterine growth restriction were exposed, the most updated classification was shown, the diseases that appear during infancy in these at-risk newborns were mentioned and their mechanisms were pointed out. Conclusions: The history of intrauterine growth restriction is related to alterations of pondoestatural growth, neurodevelopment, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular conditions, endocrine, hepatic, respiratory, immune system, renal, hearing and vision disorders. These conditions surface in early stages of life such as infancy and adolescence(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Risk Factors , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Fetal Growth Retardation , Noncommunicable Diseases , Information Products and ServicesABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud manifiesta que las enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia en el 2016 causaron una mortalidad de 5 millones en menores de 5 años, a causa de neumonía y enfermedad diarreica aguda. Objetivo: Examinar los factores de riesgo modificables de enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia en los hogares comunitarios tradicionales del bienestar en Cúcuta, Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal en el 2018, en 23 hogares del Instituto Colombiano del Bienestar Familiar en Cúcuta; la información se recolectó a partir del instrumento de identificación de factores de riesgo de enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia previo prueba inicial. Resultados: Se atendieron 276 menores, 56,8 % niños. Se identificaron factores de riesgo modificables en los hogares, en 22,0 % de estos, los infantes deben mejorar el lavado de manos; con un porcentaje similar, se demostró que se debe insistir en la limpieza del material didáctico, juguetes, ventiladores y cortinas; en 17,3 % se observaron condiciones regulares en cuanto a la infraestructura; además, 20,0 % de los menores compartían alimentos, se presentó asistencia de infantes con enfermedades en curso y ausencia de protocolos de atención a seguir en tales casos, entre otros. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo pueden ser intervenidos a través de la estrategia de atención integrada a las enfermedades prevalentes de la infancia desde sus componentes clínico, comunitario y organización local para su prevención, con el interés y comprensión de la responsabilidad compartida para la atención de esta problemática en salud.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The World Health Organization states that prevalent childhood diseases in 2016 caused a mortality of 5 million in children under 5 years old, due to pneumonia and acute diarrheal disease. Objective: Examine modifiable risk factors for prevalent childhood diseases in traditional community welfare homes in Cucuta, Colombia. Methods: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018 in 23 households of the Colombian Institute of Family Welfare in Cúcuta; the information was collected from the instrument to identify risk factors for prevalent childhood diseases after initial testing. Results: 276 children were attended, 56.8% of them were boys. Modifiable risk factors were identified in homes; in 22,0% of these, children should improve hand washing; with a similar percentage, it was shown that the cleaning of teaching materials, toys, fans and curtains should be insisted upon; in 17.3% regular infrastructure conditions were observed. In addition, 20,0% of the children shared food, there were children with ongoing diseases and absence of care protocols to follow in such cases, among others. Conclusions: The risk factors can be intervened through the strategy of integrated care for prevalent childhood diseases from its clinical, community and local organization components for its prevention, with the interest and understanding of the shared responsibility for the care of this health problem.
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Objetivo: evaluar la aplicación de la estrategia AIEPI en la promoción de la lactancia materna exclusiva, alimentación complementaria, uso de micronutrientes y prevención de alteraciones en el desarrollo mental y social de los niños menores de 5 años. Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo descriptivo-correlacional; se utilizó una muestra de 323 padres de familia y/o cuidadores. Resultados: la lactancia materna exclusiva se proporcionó en un 52% y en la alimentación complementaria los alimentos de elección fueron los cereales 77,1%, tubérculos 71,8%, frutas 40% y verduras 43%. Administran cantidades suficientes de micronutrientes 82,4%. El 92,6% brindan caricias y un 83,9% usan el juego como forma de estímulo para sus hijos. Hubo correlación entre la edad del cuidador y la lactancia materna exclusiva (p valor 0,019), de igual forma se correlaciono la edad del cuidador (mayores de 23 años) y la inclusión de la alimentación complementaria como cereales (p valor 0,000) /NOTA: "p" quiere decir muchas. Conclusión: se evidencia que las prácticas relacionadas con el componente uno de la estrategia AIEPI relacionada a la lactancia materna, alimentación complementaria, micronutrientes, desarrollo mental y social de niños menores de 5 años, son aplicadas en un sector de Cartagena; sin embargo, existes resultados que constituyen porcentajes significativos en el aumento del riesgo de aparición de enfermedades como la diarrea e infección respiratoria aguda..Au
Objective: to evaluate the application of the IMCI strategy, in the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, complementary feeding, use of micronutrients and prevention of alterations in the mental and social development of children under 5 years of age. Materials and methods: descriptive-correlational quantitative study, a sample of 323 parents and / or caregivers was used. Results: exclusive breastfeeding was provided in 52% and in complementary feeding the foods of choice were cereals 77.1%, tubers 71.8%, fruits 40% and vegetables 43%. They administer enough micronutrients 82.4%.92.6% provide caresses and 83.9% use the game as a form of encouragement for their children. There was a correlation between the age of the caregiver and exclusive breastfeeding (p value 0.019), in the same way the age of the caregiver (over 23 years) and the inclusion of complementary feeding such as cereals (p value 0.000) were correlated. Conclusion: it is evidenced that the practices related to component one of the IMCI strategy related to breastfeeding, complementary feeding, micronutrients, mental and social development of children under 5 years of age, are applied in a sector of Cartagena; however, there are results that constitute significant percentages in the increased risk of the appearance of diseases such as diarrhea and acute respiratory infection..Au
Subject(s)
Infant, Newborn , Infant , Breast Feeding , Health Promotion , Infant Nutritional Physiological PhenomenaABSTRACT
Background: The 揅hild Health Screening and Early Intervention Services� program aims at early detection and management of the four dimensions prevalent in children-defects at birth, diseases in children, deficiency conditions, and developmental delays, including disabilities. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the morbidity profile of children from birth to 18 years of age screened in the district early intervention center (DEIC). Methods: A record-based descriptive study was done in the DEIC in Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh. The data were retrieved for 1-year from April 2017 to March 2018 into the excel sheet, and the combined master sheet was prepared for analysis. The analysis was done with SPSS 21.0 Version. Results: A total of 10571 children were screened and referred to the DEIC during the period. Out of them, 5679 (53.7%) were male and 4892 (46.3%) were female. Among all the four types of morbidities screened, majority 4847 (45.9%) were having the childhood diseases, 4177 (39.5%) had developmental delays including disabilities, 1067 (10.1%) had different deficiencies, and 361 (3.4%) had birth defects. Among the adolescent health issues, 119 (1.1%) were screened and sent for the early intervention to the district hospital. Conclusions: A huge number of children were screened and referred to the DEIC every year for intervention. The health sector has to focus more on the resources like workforce, training of peripheral health workers at regular intervals about the different morbidities screened, that would help in identifying the morbidities at the earliest possible time and receive the intervention at the best center.
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ABSTRACT Objective: to investigate factors associated with the use and quality of Primary Health Care, as well as the occurrence of pneumonia and diarrhea in children under one year. Method: cross-sectional study conducted with 317 caregivers of 56 Family Health teams from Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, from August 2014 to October 2015, using the child version of the Primary Care Assessment Tool, child version. Results: in the logistic adjustment, children received assistance (OR: 0.54; 0.32-0.91) and accessibility to the Primary Health Care Unit (OR: 0.49; 0.31-0.76). identified as possible protective factors for episodes of diarrhea. The variables associated with pneumonia were unsatisfactory access (ORaj: 2.13; 95% CI 1.18-3.82), a likely risk factor, and coordination (ORaj: 0.33, 95% CI 0.12-0,94), as a probable protection factor. Conclusion: primary care attendance resulted in a higher chance of avoiding hospitalization for pneumonia, a condition considered sensitive to care in this care model. Complementing family income and children's accessibility to the health unit were protective factors for episodes of diarrhea. The search to ensure the presence and extension of the Primary Health Care attributes has the potential to positively modify the child's health and, therefore, both should be ensured as rights of this population.
RESUMEN Objetivo: investigar los factores asociados al uso y a la calidad de la Atención Primaria de la Salud, así como la aparición de neumonía y diarrea en niños menores de un año. Método: estudio transversal realizado con 317 cuidadores de 56 equipos de salud familiar de Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, de agosto de 2014 a octubre de 2015, utilizando la herramienta Primary Care Assessment Tool, versión infantil. Resultados: en el ajuste logístico, los niños recibieron asistencia (OR: 0,54; 0,32-0,91) y accesibilidad a la Unidad de la Atención Primaria de la Salud (OR: 0,49; 0,31-0,76), identificados como posibles factores de protección para los episodios de diarrea. Las variables asociadas con la neumonía fueron el acceso insatisfactorio (ORaj: 2,13; IC 95% 1,18-3,82), un factor de riesgo probable y coordinación (ORaj: 0,33, IC95% 0,12-0,94), como factor probable de protección. Conclusión: la asistencia en la atención primaria resultó en mayor probabilidad de no hospitalización por neumonía, una condición que se considera sensible en los cuidados en este modelo de atención. El complemento de los ingresos familiares y la accesibilidad de los niños a la unidad de salud fueron factores protectores para los episodios de diarrea. La búsqueda para garantizar la presencia y extensión de los atributos de la Atención Primaria de la Salud tiene el potencial de modificar positivamente la salud del niño y, por lo tanto, ambos deben garantizarse como derechos de esta población.
RESUMO Objetivo: investigar fatores associados ao uso e à qualidade da Atenção Primária à Saúde, bem como à ocorrência de pneumonia e diarreia em crianças menores de um ano. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com 317 cuidadores de 56 equipes de Saúde da Família de Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, no período de agosto de 2014 a outubro de 2015, utilizando o instrumento Primary Care Assessment Tool, versão criança. Resultados: no ajuste logístico, criança receber auxílio (OR: 0,54; 0,32-0,91) e acessibilidade à unidade de Atenção Primária à Saúde (OR: 0,49; 0,31-0,76), foram identificadas como possíveis fatores de proteção para episódios de diarreia. As variáveis associadas à pneumonia foram acesso não satisfatório (ORaj: 2,13; IC 95% 1,18-3,82), um provável fator de risco, e coordenação (ORaj: 0,33, IC95% 0,12-0,94), como provável fator de proteção. Conclusão: o atendimento na Atenção Primária resultou em maior chance de não hospitalização por pneumonia, condição considerada sensível aos cuidados nesse modelo de atenção. Complementação da renda familiar e acessibilidade da criança à unidade de saúde apresentaram-se como fatores de proteção para episódios de diarreia. A busca por garantir a presença e extensão dos atributos da Atenção Primária à Saúde possui potencial para modificar positivamente a saúde da criança e, portanto, ambas devem ser asseguradas como direitos dessa população.
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adult , Primary Health Care , Health Evaluation , Child Care , Child Health , Integrated Management of Childhood IllnessABSTRACT
Immunization is aimed at the prevention of infectious diseases. In Nigeria, the National Programme on Immunization (NPI) suffersrecurrent setbacks due to many factorsincluding ethnicity and religious beliefs. Nigeria is made up of 36 states with its federal capital in Abuja. The country is divided into six geo-political zones; north central, north west, north east, south east, south west and south south. The population is unevenly distributed across the country. The average population density in 2006 was estimated at 150 people per square kilometres with Lagos, Anambra, Imo, Abia, and Akwa Ibom being the most densely populated states. Most of the densely populated states are found in the south east. Kanowith an average density of 442 persons per square kilometre, is the most densely populated state in the northern part of the country. This study presents a review on the current immunization programmeand the many challengesaffecting its success in the eradication of childhood diseases in Nigeria.
ABSTRACT
Immunization is aimed at the prevention of infectious diseases. In Nigeria, the National Programme on Immunization (NPI) suffers recurrent setbacks due to many factors including ethnicity and religious beliefs. Nigeria is made up of 36 states with its federal capital in Abuja. The country is divided into six geo-political zones; north central, north west, north east, south east, south west and south south. The population is unevenly distributed across the country. The average population density in 2006 was estimated at 150 people per square kilometres with Lagos, Anambra, Imo, Abia, and Akwa Ibom being the most densely populated states. Most of the densely populated states are found in the south east. Kano with an average density of 442 persons per square kilometre, is the most densely populated state in the northern part of the country. This study presents a review on the current immunization programme and the many challenges affecting its success in the eradication of childhood diseases in Nigeria.