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Objective To analyze the death status and main causes of death among children under 5 years old in Changsha from 2016 to 2021, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating preventive measures for children's health care. Methods The data of 1 761 deaths of children under 5 years old in Changsha City from 2016 to 2021 were collected, and the mortality trend, the order of causes of death and the utilization of pre-death medical care services were retrospectively analyzed. Results The 7-day neonatal mortality, 28-day neonatal mortality, 0-1-year-old neonatal mortality, and the mortality rate of children under 5 years old (U5MR) in Changsha City from 2016 to 2021 were 0.76‰, 1.28‰, 2.41‰, and 3.86‰, respectively. All the mortality rates showed a decreasing trend (P<0.05). U5MR in males was significantly higher than that in females (P<0.05), and U5MR in rural areas was significantly higher than that in urban areas (P<0.05). The top five causes of U5MR were drowning, premature delivery or low birth weight, pneumonia, other congenital anomalies, and accidental asphyxia, respectively. The death places of children under 5 years old were mainly medical and health institutions, and 81.72% of them were treated in hospitals before death. Conclusion From 2016 to 2021, the mortality rate of children under the age of 5 in Changsha City has gradually decreased. Preventing congenital malformations, reducing preterm birth or low birth weight, improving the treatment level of pneumonia, and preventing accidents such as drowning and accidental suffocation are the key to reducing the mortality rate of children under 5 years old.
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OBJECTIVES@#Congenital birth defects are the main source of disease burden among children under 5 years old in China. This study aims to compare the trends in disease burden of different congenital birth defects among Chinese children under 5 years old from 1990 to 2019, and to provide a scientific basis for strengthening the comprehensive prevention and control of birth defects.@*METHODS@#Based on data from the Global Burden Disease (GBD) in 2019, the incidence mortality rate, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) rate of congenital birth defects among Chinese children under 5 years old from 1990 to 2019 were selected as evaluation indicators. The Joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the trends in disease burden of different types with congenital birth defects over three decades. The study also compared the differences in disease burden of congenital birth defects among children under 5 years old by gender.@*RESULTS@#Compared to 1990, the DALYs rates of congenital heart anomalies (1 931.91/100 000), digestive congenital anomalies (364.63/100 000), neural tube defects (277.20/100 000), congenital musculoskeletal and limb anomalies (133.33/100 000), and Down syndrome (128.22/100 000) in children under 5 years old in China in 2019 were decreased 70.78%, 71.61%, 86.21%, 36.84% and 73.65%, respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the mortality rates and DALYs rates of different congenital birth defects showed an overall downward trend, but the incidence of digestive congenital anomalies and Down syndrome showed an upward trend after 2005 and 2001, respectively. Except for congenital musculoskeletal and limb anomalies, incidence of the remaining categories of birth defects were higher in boys than that in girls.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The disease burden of congenital birth defects in children under 5 years old in China is decreased substantially from 1990 to 2019, but the burden of congenital heart anomalies is still serious and the incidence of some birth defect diseases is on the rise, and it is still crucial to strengthen the prevention and treatment for birth defects in children and propose targeted measures according to their gender characteristics.
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Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , China/epidemiology , Cost of Illness , Down Syndrome/epidemiology , East Asian People , Congenital Abnormalities/epidemiologyABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To provide reference basis for reducing the mortality for children under 5 years old and promote the healthy development, the mortality for children under 5 years old and the main causes for death in Liuyang City from 2013 to 2020 are analyzed.@*METHODS@#The data of 725 cases of death for children under 5 years old in Liuyang City from 2013 to 2020 were collected.The causes and difference of death among the children were analyzed retrospectively by descriptive statistic methods.@*RESULTS@#There were a total of 144 516 live births in Liuyang City from 2013 to 2020. The mortality for children under 5 years old was 5.01‰, for infants was 3.39‰, and for newborns was 1.63‰. The male child mortality was 5.28‰, and the female child mortality rate was 4.72‰, with significant difference (P>0.05). The mortality for children under 5 years old was seasonal fluctuation, without significant difference among seasons (P>0.05). For the past 5 years, the top 3 causes for death among children under 5 years old were preterm birth and low birth weight, congenital heart disease, and pneumonia. Before death, 341 cases (47.04%) were treated in provincial hospitals, 198 cases (27.31%) in county-level hospitals, 56 cases (7.72%) in village-level hospitals, and 130 cases (17.93%) were not treated.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The mortality for children under 5 years old in Liuyang City is gradually reduced in the past 5 years. The main causes for death are premature birth and low birth weight, congenital heart disease and pneumonia. We should develop healthy education, improve the rate of prenatal diagnosis, promote the construction of obstetrics and paediatrics, and fundamentally reduce the mortality for children under 5 years old.
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Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Cause of Death , Child Mortality , Heart Defects, Congenital , Infant Mortality , Pneumonia/epidemiology , Premature Birth , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To understand the epidemiology and trends of of unintentional injury deaths of children 2=16.44 , χ2=5.284 , P＜0.05）. The three leading causes of unintentional injury deaths were drowning (2.30/10000), suffocation (1.90/10000), and traffic accidents (1.42/10 000). Drowning among boys was 8.74 per cent, which was significantly higher than in girls（χ2=9.36，P＜0.05）. Drowning was the leading cause in boys, while suffocation was the leading cause of accidental death in girls. Accidents accounted for 57.49% of all deaths among children aged 1 to 4 years. Suffocation was the leading cause in children <1 year of age, but drowning（38.62%）was more prominent in children 1-4 years of age. Suffocation has high incidence in the winter, and drowning has high incidence in the summer season（P＜0.05）. Conclusions Effective childhood injury prevention may require different prevention policies combination depending on epidemiological characteristics such as genders, age groups，household register and seasons. The prevention programs should be carried especially the floating population.
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Introducción: los accidentes en la población infantil constituyen una importante causa de morbilidad y mortalidad convirtiéndose hoy día en un problema de salud pública mundial, principalmente la población más afectada son los niños en etapa preescolar, por la vulnerabilidad y dependencia del cuidador. Objetivos: describir las prácticas para la prevención de accidentes en el hogar en cuidadores de niños de 1 a 5 años en un barrio de Cartagena (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo descriptivo transversal. Constituido por 354 cuidadores de niños menores de 5 años, se utilizó la técnica de observación y la aplicación del instrumento con base a la práctica N° 15 de AIEPI (Atención Integrada a las Enfermedades Prevalentes de la Infancia). Resultados: socio demográficamente los cuidadores fueron principalmente de género femenino (87%), con 20 29 años de edad (44,9%), madres de los niños (61,3%), conviven en unión libre (54,2%), son bachilleres (50,3%), de estrato uno (91,8%), amas de casa (62,7%), con hijos (93,8%), residen en casas (54,5%). Los niños de 1 a 5 años fueron mayoritariamente de género masculino (51,7%), y han presentado accidentes (75,1%), sobre todo, caídas (61,9%). El nivel de riesgo de accidentes en el hogar fue bajo (85%), y las prácticas de prevención suelen ser regulares (55,1%). Conclusión: los niños enfrentan relativamente bajo riesgo de accidente en el hogar, sin embargo, las prácticas para prevenirlos resultan ser regulares..(AU)
Introduction: accidents in children are an important cause of morbidity and mortality,becoming today a global public health problem, mainly the most affected population are children in preschool, for the vulnerability and dependence of the caregiver. Objectives:to describe the practices for the prevention of accidents at home in caregivers of children from 1 to 5 years of age, in a neighborhood of Cartagena (Colombia). Materials and methods: quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Consisting of 354 caregivers of children under 5 years of age, the technique of observation and the application of the instrument was used based on practice No. 15 of IMCI (Integrated Management of Childhood Illness). Results: demographic partner caregivers were mainly female (87%), with 20 - 29 years of age (44.9%), mothers of children (61.3%), live together in a free union (54.2%), are high school graduates (50.3%), of stratum one (91.8%), housewives (62.7%), with children (93.8%), reside in houses (54.5%). Children from 1 to 5 years old were male (51.7%), and had accidents (75.1%), especially falls (61.9%). The level of accident risk in the home was low (85%), and prevention practices are usually regular (55.1%). Conclusion: children face relatively low risk of accident in the home, however, practices to prevent them turn out to be regular..(AU)
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Child , Accidents, Home , Child Care , CaregiversABSTRACT
@# Objective To understand the status and main causes of death among children under five years old in Yuyao County from 2013 to 2017, and to provide scientific basis to formulate relevant intervention measures． Methods Data monitoring deaths among children under five years old from 2013 to 2017 in Yuyao were collected. Trend of death, death rank, regional difference and utilization of pre-death health care services for children under 5 years old were retrospectively analysed using SPSS 18.0. Results From 2013 to 2017, the mortality rate in newborns, infants, 1-4 years old children and children under 5 years old (U5MR) decreased in Yuyao county(P=0.016, 0.002, 0.038, ＜0.001). Based on monitored 263 cases of deaths,the majority of deaths of children under 5 years old occurred in infants, accounting for 68.82% (181/263). Congenital malformation and unintentional injury were the main causes of death for children under 5 years old. The deaths of children under 5 years old mainly occurred in medical institutions, and 93.54% of the children were treated before death. The mortality rate of boys under 5 years old was 10.50‰, which was 1.54 times of the mortality of girls ( χ2=11.693, P<0.001). The trend Chi-square test showed that the U5MR in local residents had no obvious downward trend in the past 5 years ( χ2trend =0.195, P=0.658), while the U5MR in floating population significantly decreased with fluctuation ( χ2trend =17.706, P<0.001). Conclusion The key to reduce U5MR in Yuyao is to reduce infant mortality, and the key content of death intervention is to prevent congenital malformations and unintentional injuries. Improving maternal and child health care and developing safety education for migrant children are two effective measures to reduce U5MR.
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Objective To analyze the death trend of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou and establish the time series model to predict the mortality and incidence of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou in 2019. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the mortality of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou from January 2010 to December 2018. SPSS 21.0 software was used to construct time series analysis model, selecting the best model and predict the mortality of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou in 2019. Results A total of 1 650 deaths of children under 5 years old were reported in Lanzhou from 2010 to 2018. The number of deaths reported by boys and girls was 871 and 774 respectively, with an average annual mortality rate of 6.23‰. In recent years, the overall mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou had declined. The majority of deaths among children under 5 years old were neonates, accounting for 65.27%. Simple seasonal model was the best model by comparing different models. The model could well fit the monthly death cases of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou from 2010 to 2018. It is predicted that the total number of deaths of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou will be 140 in 2019, which is similar to the number of deaths in 2018. Conclusions The mortality rate of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou is decreasing year by year. Simple seasonal model can better reflect the mortality trend of children under 5 years old in Lanzhou and make short-term prediction.
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Fundamento: que las madres adquieran conocimiento sobre la alimentación saludable, es indispensable para el crecimiento y desarrollo de los niños. Las buenas prácticas alimentarias se realizan correctamente si es que se tiene un alto nivel de conocimientos acerca de alimentación saludable. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre conocimiento sobre alimentación saludable y los factores biosociales en madres de menores de 5 años. Metodología: Se realizo un estudio descriptivo, correlacional, transversal en el universo de madres de la comunidad San Pedro de Ayacón (41), del 1 de enero al 30 de junio del 2016. Se utilizó la entrevista para la recolección de datos y como instrumento un cuestionario que permitió determinar el nivel de conocimientos en alimentación saludable. El análisis de datos se llevó a cabo con el programa llamado SPSS, e incluyó la prueba de Fisher para identificar la relación y diferencia significativa entre variables. Resultados: El grupo predominante fue de 20 a 29 años 53,7%, agricultura 63,4 %, mujeres con relación de pareja 87,8, con nivel de instrucción primaria completa 48,8%, madres con uno a dos hijos 56,1 %. Predominó el nivel de conocimiento no satisfactorio sobre alimentación saludable 73,2 %. Se encontró relación estadísticamente significativa entre el conocimiento y la variable ocupación (p=0.004). Conclusiones: Se observa que el conocimiento sobre alimentación saludable en las madres es no satisfactorio; además es importante resaltar que existe relación significativa entre el conocimiento y la ocupación de las madres, el diseño de la estrategia educativa es un aporte muy interesante a las madres para elevar su conocimiento.
Background: that mothers acquire knowledge about healthy eating is essential for the growth and development of children. Good food practices are done correctly if you have a high level of knowledge about healthy eating. Objective: To determine the relationship between knowledge about healthy eating and biosocial factors in mothers under 5 years of age. Methodology: A descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study was carried out in the universe of mothers from the community of San Pedro de Ayacón (41), from January 1 to June 30, 2016. The interview was used for data collection and as an instrument A questionnaire that allowed to determine the level of knowledge in healthy eating. The data analysis was carried out with the program called SPSS, and included the Fisher test to identify the relationship and significant difference between variables. Results: The predominant group was between 20 and 29 years of age, 53.7%, agriculture 63.4%,women with a relative 87.8, with primary level of education 48.8%, mothers with one or two children 56, 1 %. The level of unsatisfactory knowledge about healthy eating prevailed 73.2%. A statistically significant relationship was found between knowledge and occupational variable (p = 0.004). Conclusions: It is observed that knowledge about healthy eating in mothers is unsatisfactory; It is important to emphasize that there is a significant relationship between knowledge and occupation of mothers, the design of educational strategy is a very interesting contribution to mothers to raise their knowledge
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Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Growth and Development , Diet, Healthy , Social Conditions , Cross-Sectional Studies , EcuadorABSTRACT
Background: A major health consequence of rapid population growth in urban areas is the increased pressure on existing overstretched water and sanitation services. This study of an expanding periurban neighbourhood of Yangon Region, Myanmar, aimed to ascertain the prevalence of acute diarrhoea in children under 5 years; to identify household sources of drinking-water; to describe purification and storage practices; and to assess drinking-water contamination at point-of-use. Methods: A survey of the prevalence of acute diarrhoea in children under 5 years was done in 211 households in February 2013; demographic data were also collected, along with data and details of sources of drinking water, water purification, storage practices and waste disposal. During March–August, a subset of 112 households was revisited to collect drinking water samples. The samples were analysed by the multiple tube fermentation method to count thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms and there was a qualitative determination of the presence of Escherichia coli. Results: Acute diarrhoea in children under 5 years was reported in 4.74% (10/211, 95% CI: 3.0–9.0) of households within the past two weeks. More than half of the households used insanitary pit latrines and 36% disposed of their waste into nearby streams and ponds. Improved sources of drinking water were used, mainly the unchlorinated ward reservoir, a chlorinated tube well or purified bottled water. Nearly a quarter of households never used any method for drinking-water purification. Ninety-four per cent (105/112) of water samples were contaminated with thermotolerant (faecal) coliforms, ranging from 2.2 colony-forming units (CFU)/100 mL (21.4%) to more than 1000 CFU/100 mL (60.7%). Of faecal (thermotolerant)-coliform-positive water samples, 70% (47/68) grew E. coli. Conclusion: The prevalence of acute diarrhoea reported for children under 5 years was high and a high level of drinking-water contamination was detected, though it was unclear whether this was due to contamination at source or at point-of-use. Maintenance of drinking-water quality in study households is complex. Further research is crucial to prove the cost effectiveness in quality improvement of drinking water at point-of-use in resource-limited settings. In addition, empowerment of householders to use measures of treating water by boiling, filtration or chlorination, and safe storage with proper handling is essential.
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Background: Children under 5 years of age represent 11.1% of total Egyptians with a mortality rate of 22/1000 live births in 2013. Family health centers are the first gates that provide them with health services. This study aimed to evaluate the health care services introduced to under 5 children in one of the rural family health centers in Egypt called Shawa family health center (SFHC) during 2012-2013. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross sectional descriptive and analytic study, conducted in SFHC, and included two phases. Phase I: Records of births, antenatal care, immunization, wellbaby and sick child visits to the clinic for the year 2012 were reviewed. Phase II: Data were collected using a structured pretested questionnaire. Findings: Antenatal care coverage rate was 57.8% of the visits, while neonatal examination accounted for 98.6%. Thyroid screening rate was 94.5%, while immunization coverage rate was 98.9%. No vitamin A supplementation was provided. The commonest health problems among this age group of children were respiratory tract infection (67.9%) and gastrointestinal problems (15.2%); 11.3% gastroenteritis and 3.9% parasitic infestation. The mean age of participating mothers was 26±2.4 years, 89% of them were < 35 years of age, 97% were currently married, 75% were of secondary or lower educational level and 91% belonged to families that have income < 1200 Egyptian pound / month. Over 80% of the mothers were satisfied with the service they received. Younger mothers, of income <1200 Egyptian pound /month and having greater than a secondary education were significantly more satisfied. Conclusion: SFHC fulfills most services recommended for children under 5 years of age. However there is shortage in some other services (e.g. low rates of antenatal and natal care, reluctance in application of integrated management of childhood illness (IMCI) program and non documentation of health education activities).
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Objective To investigate the current status of reproductive history among married women and the mortality rate of children under 5 years.Influence of reproductive history among married women on mortality rate of their children under 5 years in rural areas in Shaanxi province was also studied.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on reproductive history and mortality rate of their children under 5 years of age in five Fourth National-Level Poverty-Stricken counties in Shaanxi province.Sample under study was chosen according to the three-stage stratified random sampling technique.Results A total number of 4 732 married women were studied,with the average age of first birth as 23.65 years,the average parity as 1.49,the average spacing between first and second child birth as 6.96 years and the average spacing between second and third child birth as 3.98years.In children under 5 years of age among the surveyed women in 2007-2010,32.19％ of the deaths in children under 5 years of age occurred during infancy while 70.21％ of the infant deaths occurred during neonatal period.The mortality rates (1/1000) for newborns,infants and children under 5 years were 6.71‰,9.55‰,29.67‰ respectively.Infant mortality rate of mother with multiple births was higher than the singletons (x2=6.057,P=0.014).Parity differences in mortality rate of children under 5 years were significant (x2=17.469,P＜0.001) and interval differences of births on infant mortality rate were also significant (x2=13.137,P=0.001).Conclusion Fertility of rural women in Shaanxi was in good condition.The proportion that infant death was accounted for the total deaths of children under 5 years had declined,but the neonatal deaths still accounted for a big proportion of infant deaths.Infant mortality rate and mortality rate of children under 5 years old had declined,when compared to the national level in 2000,however,it was still higher than the city level.In terms of the fertility characteristics in women as multiple births,more parity and short spacing of births etc,were important factors of death of their children under 5 years of age.
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Objective To study the trend of accidental death among children under 5 years of age in Beijing.Methods Cases of death in children under 5 years old in Beijing,during 2003-2012 were collected,to analyze the strength and trends of accidental death,main causes of accident and its epidemiological features. Results The overall accidental death was 8.47% of all death among children under 5 years old in Beijing during 2003-2012. During these 10 years,data showed a downward trend on the mortality rates on injuries(P<0.05),especially on drowning,in 1-4 year old and rural children under five years of age. In 2012,the accidental death rate of children under five was 6.37/105. The 5 main causes of accidental deaths were suffocation,traffic accident,falling,poisoning and drowning,in order of size. The main causes of death were suffocation in the 0-1 year group, suffocation and traffic accident in the 1-2 year group and traffic accident in the 3-4 year group. The proportion of deaths due to traffic accident increased gradually with age. Area distribution showed that accidental deaths mainly happened in rural area(52.19%),with two main types as traffic accident and suffocation. Conclusion The reduction of accidental death rate among children under 5 years old in Beijing mainly was caused by the decline of accident mortality in 1-4 year old and children in the rural areas. Our data suggested that the focus in reducing the accidental death rate among children under 5 years old in Beijing should target on the prevention of infant suffocation and traffic accidents among the 1-4 year old,with rural areas in particular.
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Objective To study the trend of accidental death among children under 5 years of age in Beijing.Methods Cases of death in children under 5 years old in Beijing,during 2003-2012 were collected,to analyze the strength and trends of accidental death,main causes of accident and its epidemiological features. Results The overall accidental death was 8.47% of all death among children under 5 years old in Beijing during 2003-2012. During these 10 years,data showed a downward trend on the mortality rates on injuries(P<0.05),especially on drowning,in 1-4 year old and rural children under five years of age. In 2012,the accidental death rate of children under five was 6.37/105. The 5 main causes of accidental deaths were suffocation,traffic accident,falling,poisoning and drowning,in order of size. The main causes of death were suffocation in the 0-1 year group, suffocation and traffic accident in the 1-2 year group and traffic accident in the 3-4 year group. The proportion of deaths due to traffic accident increased gradually with age. Area distribution showed that accidental deaths mainly happened in rural area(52.19%),with two main types as traffic accident and suffocation. Conclusion The reduction of accidental death rate among children under 5 years old in Beijing mainly was caused by the decline of accident mortality in 1-4 year old and children in the rural areas. Our data suggested that the focus in reducing the accidental death rate among children under 5 years old in Beijing should target on the prevention of infant suffocation and traffic accidents among the 1-4 year old,with rural areas in particular.
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Objective] By the use of GM(1,1) model to predict mortality trends of children un-der 5 years, on the basis of the analysis of cause of death in children under 5 from 2006 to 2012 in Zhabei District of Shanghai City . [ Methods] Nearly 5 years of monitoring data were used for analysis of the cause of death , and the grey model ( GM) was used to fit and predict mortality . [ Results] The death of children under 5 was mainly infant death and the infant death was mainly newborns death from 2006 to 2012 in Zhabei District.During this five-year period, children mortality under 5 fluctuated from 3.30‰ to 4 .98‰and was slightly increased in 2010 .The main cause of death in the neonatal period was birth as-phyxia ,accounting for 31 .82%.For infant period , The first cause was congenital anomaly , accounting for 30.43% and the second cause was birth asphyxia ,accounting for 20.29%.The fitting effect of GM was fine and the predicted mortality of children under 5 years was 3.88‰in 2013. [Conclusion] Congenital a-nomalies , birth asphyxia and accident death seriously threaten the lives of children under 5 years.We must strengthen neonatal screening , neonatal accidental death education , thus effectively reducing the mortality of children under 5.The fitting effect of GM(1, 1) on mortality rate of children under 5 is good and can be ap-plied for prediction .
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Background: Soc Son is mountainous, poorest district of Ha Noi, the rate of malnourished children was highest level (28,2% in 2003). Objectives: Description and assessment on the effectiveness of microcredit program for developing household economy and the impact of microcredit program on care for pregnant women, children and nutrition situation for children in 7 communes of Soc Son district in 3 years (2003-2006). Subjects and method: 167 poor households with malnourished child/children or pregnant women with low weight gain which were provided loans in 7 communes of Soc Son district; 169 children were born after 1/6/2001 and their mother in 167 households above. Method: cross-sectional descriptive method combine comparative analysis, using interview ballot, growth chart of National Institute of nutrition. Data processing by software EPI 6.0 and SPSS/PC 12.0. Results: The microcredit program had helped 95,0% households improve their economy remarkably, 54,5% of the households had improved income and food security. These improvements had influenced positively on practice of maternal and child care and malnutrition situation among children under 5 years old. The rate of pregnant women taking sufficient rest before birth delivery and having appropriate workload during pregnancy increased by 29,7%. Low-birth-weight newborns (<2,500 gram) had decreased by 11,5%. The rate of children with more than 3 complementary meals had increased by 8,5%. Malnutrition prevalence of children under 5 years old in 7 communes had decreased by 6,9%. Conclusion: The program has contributed to lower malnutrition prevalence of children under 5 years old in Soc Son district by 6,6%.
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Child Nutrition Disorders , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
A cross sectional study was carried out to assess the nutritional status in children under five years of age and to interview their mothers. The study was carried out on 500 children under five years of age and 392 mothers at Kok Roka, Don Kor district, Phnome Penh. The results showed that the rate of community malnutrition in children was 44.4% underweight, 47% stunting, 14.4% wasting. The highest malnutrition rate was seen in children from 25 to 36 months in three indicators, and children in age group 37-48 months suffer from stunting was highest (61.7%). Mothers started breast feeding very late, by 12 hours after birth. The time of weaning which was late in children over 12 months, with numbers from 1 to 2 meals per day. Diarrhea and ARI affected nutritional status of children under five years of age. Nutritional status in children who had stopped breast feeding after 12 months was better than children who had to stopped breast feeding before 12 months of age.
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Child , Nutritional Status , EpidemiologyABSTRACT
The study inclúed 1500 children age under 5 in 30 communes, Ha Tay province in 2002. Children were chosen ramdomly to measure the high, weight and the nutritional status was classified based on WTO criteria. Results showed that the malnutrition rate of children under 5 years old was 25.1% (weight/age), among that mild malnutrition rate (level I) was 23.5%, moderate malnutrition (level II) was n1.5% and severe malnutrition (level III) was 0.1%. The malnutrition weight/age rate among children was 29%, lower than that of 2001. The malnutrition rate for heigh was decreasing. This figure in 2002 was 4.4%.
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Child , Nutritional StatusABSTRACT
The assessment of nutritional status of 6593 children under 5 years old in 6 communes/precincts showed that after 10 years, the nutritional status has been improved significantly in 3 indicators: rate of underweight children decreased to 34.0% from 53.2%; rate of stunt children decreased to 35.2% from 54.6%; wasting reduced from 10.7% to 7.9%. But overweight children increased from 1.2% to 4.0%.