ABSTRACT
@#Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) targeting CD19 has made significant progress in the treatment of B cell malignancies. FDA has approved two CD19 CAR-T therapeutic products. With the development in the clinical and mechanism research of immunotherapy (CAR-T, bispecific T-cell engager [BiTE]), dual affinity re-targeting [DART], and genetically modified T cell receptorT cell [TCR-T]), its potential risks and side effects have been more widely recognized, especially cytokine release syndrome (CRS). CRS is currently the most common complication after CAR-T treatment and can be life-threatening in severe cases. Moreover, the pathophysiological process of CRS is complex, involving a variety of immune cells and non-immune cells, and can affect whole body organs. Elucidating the mechanisms of CRS development is of great significance to improve the safety of CAR-T therapy. In recent years, researchers have conducted study in animal models to illustrate the mechanisms of CRS more deeply. This review discusses the development, pathophysiological mechanisms, animal models, clinical features, and graded treatments of CRS, aiming to provide an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of CRS and improve the safety of CAR-T therapy.