ABSTRACT
Myeloid Sarcoma1 (also termed as chloroma, granulocytic sarcoma, extra medullary myeloid tumor) is a rare extra medullary tumor composed of immature myeloid cells (myeloblast)2. It is usually associated with leukemia or other myeloproliferative disorder. Myeloid Sarcoma in the central nervous system, around the brain stem is the commonest site of presentation and require high suspicion for diagnosis. We report a forty years male patient with history of dysphagia, dysphonia for last two months. MRI showed chloromas around the brain stem. Laboratory investigations revealed the presence of AML. This is a rare case of Myeloid Sarcoma around the brain stem in a patient of AML.
ABSTRACT
Congenital leukemia is a rare disease that can manifest soon after birth. Cutaneous involvement consists of red, brown or purple papules or nodules and purpura. We present a case of congenital myelomonblastic leukemia in a seven week old infant who had petechiae and subcutaneous nodules. Diagnosis was established by the presence of leukemic cells in bone marrow and involved skin along with cytochemical characterization of these cells.
ABSTRACT
Myeloid sarcomas, defined in WHO's Classification of Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues, are extramedullary tumors of granulocytic lineage formerly known as granulocytic sarcomas, chloromas or extramedullary leukemic tumors. Myeloid sarcomas occurred in 1.5-3% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia or in patients diagnosed with high-risk myelodysplastic or myeloproliferative syndromes. They may precede or occur with these disorders and they have been described in multiple locations. Diagnosis is based: 1) on morphological features, varying from an infiltrate of granulocytic mature cells to a diffuse infiltrate of myeloblastic, monoblastic or megakaryoblastic cells and 2) immunohistochemistry and immunophenotypic assays. These techniques may classify several categories of myeloid sarcomas with prognostic implications. Typical cytogenetical abnormalities are t(8;21), chromosome 16 abnormalities, translocations involving 11q23 and trisomy 8. Differential diagnosis includes aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, small round cell tumors, undifferentiated carcinomas and some non-malignant lesions. Generally, median overall survival and therapy are not different regarding to acute myeloid leukemias
Los sarcomas mieloides, término acuñado en la reciente Clasificación de los Tumores Hematopoyéticos y de las Neoplasias Linfoides de la OMS, constituyen tumores extramedulares de línea granulocítica que anteriormente se conocían como sarcomas granulocíticos, cloromas o tumores leucémicos extramedulares. Se producen en el 1.5% a 3% de los pacientes con leucemias agudas y en algunos enfermos con síndromes mielodisplásicos o mieloproliferativos de riesgo alto. Pueden preceder, manifestarse concomitantemente con el diagnóstico de éstos o constituir una forma de recaída y se han descrito en múltiples localizaciones. El diagnóstico se basa en las características morfológicas que pueden evidenciar desde la presencia de un infiltrado difuso de células maduras de estirpe granulocítica hasta la aparición de blastos mieloides, monocitoides o megacariocíticos y en la inmunohistoquímica y el inmunofenotipo, que permiten clasificar diferentes tipos de sarcomas mieloides que pueden tener implicaciones pronósticas. Las anomalías citogenéticas más características sonla t(8;21), alteraciones que afectan el cromosoma 16, traslocaciones que comprometen 11q23 y la trisomía del 8. El diagnóstico diferencial incluye algunos linfomas no hodgkinianos de alto grado de malignidad, tumores de células pequeñas redondas, carcinomas indiferenciados y algunas lesiones no malignas. En general, la mediana de supervivencia y el tratamiento no difieren de los de las leucemias agudas mieloides