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Circadian rhythm refers to the daily rhythmic variations in an organism. The irregular lifestyles of modern humans have led to a high incidence of chronic diseases, highlighting an inseparable relationship between disrupted circadian rhythm and disease development. TCM has long discussed rhythmic variations, with records dating back to the Yellow Emperor's Inner Canon(Huang Di Nei Jing), which laid a rich theoretical foundation for the research on circadian rhythm. Modern medical research has provided a more comprehensive explanation of its molecular mechanisms. This article integrated the current understanding of circadian rhythm in both Chinese and western medicine, emphasizing the crucial relationship between rhythm regulation and disease treatment. By highlighting the interdisciplinary nature of the two fields, it offers new directions for exploring the field of chronomedicine.
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Humans , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Acupuncture Therapy , Circadian Rhythm , Biomedical Research , PolygonatumABSTRACT
In the perspective of the theory of “circular movement of yang qi ascending and descending”， the author explores the four-season pathogenesis and treatment of insomnia based on the seasonal changes of the body's yin-yang balance. It is believed that the core pathogenesis of insomnia lies in the spleen and stomach deficiency and the internal buildup of dampness. The four-season pathogenesis of insomnia focuses can be categorized into four aspects： abnormal ascending of yang qi in the spring， leading to the liver fire inflammation or the liver qi stagnation； Predominance of yang qi in the upper side of the heart and gallbladder fire in the summer； Lung disorder and abnormal descent of yang qi， resulting in yang-heat conversion into dryness or disharmony between nutrient qi and defensive qi； Abnormal hiding of yang qi， manifesting as floating yang or deficiency in both yin and yang in the winter. It is advocated to dynamically grasp the pathogenesis of insomnia in accordance with the changes in time. A treatment framework called “restoring ascending and descending of yang qi” is proposed， with the core focus on resolving dampness and strengthening the spleen， while also addressing the liver and strengthen the spleen， clearing and descending the heart and gallbladder， purifing and descending the lung qi， and suppressing hyperactive the yang and invigorating the kidneys in different seasons. This enrichment of the traditional Chinese medicine time medicine research in insomnia treatment， based on the characteristics of seasonal rhythmic time， aims to better serve clinical practice and provide ideas for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of insomnia.
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Objective@#Based on the analysis of the ancient literatures about chest stuffiness and pains in Chrono-Medicine of traditional Chinese medicine,to study the content of timing medication in chest stuffiness and pains.@*Methods@#According to the database of Chinese Medical Code, searching the ancient literatures and establishing the database, extracting the contents of chest stuffiness and pains’s prescription which covering timing medication. And the statistical analysis and content discussion were carried out according to the choice of taking medicine.@*Results@#The 67 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine included were qi regulating agent, dispelling cold agent, expectorant agent and blood regulating agent. Besides,the time of taking medicine is used to be3:00-5:00,7:00-9:00,11:00-13:00,17:00-19:00, 19:00-21:00, 21:00-23:00.Take medicine once a day in the morning, twice a day, three times a day, three times a day and once a night. It is recommended that timing medication in clinical should be increased in time of 21:00-23:00 and 11:00-13:00, and paying more attention to the heart channel corresponding and the heart pericardium channel in time of 11:00-13:00 and 19:00-21:00.@*Conclusion@#Timing medication is beneficial to the optimization of therapeutic effect and minimization of toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine, which needs to provide the best evidence for further multi-center clinical trial research, and promote the popularization of timing medicine in clinical practice.
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Objective Based on the analysis of the ancient literatures about chest stuffiness and pains in Chrono_Medicine of traditional Chinese medicine,to study the content of timing medication in chest stuffiness and pains. Methods According to the database of Chinese Medical Code, searching the ancient literatures and establishing the database, extracting the contents of chest stuffiness and pains’s prescription which covering timing medication. And the statistical analysis and content discussion were carried out according to the choice of taking medicine. Results The 67 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine included were qi regulating agent, dispelling cold agent, expectorant agent and blood regulating agent. Besides,the time of taking medicine is used to be3:00-5:00,7:00-9:00,11:00-13:00,17:00-19:00, 19:00-21:00, 21:00-23:00.Take medicine once a day in the morning, twice a day, three times a day, three times a day and once a night. It is recommended that timing medication in clinical should be increased in time of 21:00-23:00 and 11:00-13:00 ,and paying more attention to the heart channel corresponding and the heart pericardium channel in time of 11:00- 13:00 and 19:00- 21:00. Conclusion Timing medication is beneficial to the optimization of therapeutic effect and minimization of toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine, which needs to provide the best evidence for further multi_center clinical trial research, and promote the popularization of timing medicine in clinical practice.
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Objective:By applying moxibustion to the eight confluent points in different periods of time,to observe the changes in thermal pain threshold latency of acupoints based on Fei Teng Ba Fa.Methods:A total of 468 healthy college student volunteers received moxibustion at the eight confluent points in three different periods of time,i.e.Chen (7:00-9:00),Wu (11:00-13:00) and Xu (19:00-21:00).The thermal pain threshold latency was adopted to measure the changes in pain threshold of the eight confluent points under different conditions (different periods of time,different genders,different acupoints and different states of the acupoints) based on Fei Teng Ba Fa.Results:Finally,thirty subjects dropped out and 438 subjects were included.The comparison of thermal pain threshold latencies of the eight confluent points in the same opening or closing state based on Fei Teng Ba Fa:latencies of the closing points and adjunct points were significantly different in different periods of time (P＜0.05);the latencies of the males were significantly longer than those of the females (P＜0.05);there was no significant difference in the latency between the left and right sides (P＞0.05);in the female group,there was a significant difference in the latency between the lower-limb points and the upper-limb points (P＜0.05).The comparison of thermal point threshold latencies of the eight confluent points in different opening or closing state:in the period of Wu (11:00-13:00),the latencies of the opening points were significantly longer than those of the closing points and adjunct points (P＜0.05);for men,their opening and closing points had significantly longer thermal pain threshold latencies than their adjunct points (P＜0.05);despite the gender,the latencies of the upper limb opening and closing points were significantly longer than the latency of the adjunct points (P＜0.05);in the female group,the latencies of the lower-limb opening points were significantly shorter than those of the lower-limb closing and adjunct points (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Based on Fei Teng Ba Fa,the pain thresholds of the eight confluent points vary in different periods of time,gender,acupoint location and opening/closing state,which can be taken as the evidence of making time-based acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions.
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Objective To explore the influence of perioperative immune function and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) of different intervention time of general anesthesia acupuncture intervention in the patients with laparoscopic surgery. Methods According to random number table method, 104 patients with laparoscopic surgery using general anesthesia from October 2015 to December 2016 in our hospital were divided into A, B, C, D group with 26 patients in each group. All patients were treated with tracheal intubation anesthesia. Patients in group A (acupuncture half an hour before anesthesia), group B (acupuncture in the surgery), group C (acupuncture after the end of the surgery) and group D (without acupuncture). The levels of T lymphocyte subsets, including total T lymphocytes (CD3+), T helper cells (CD4+) and T suppressor cell (CD8+), and the CD4+/CD8+, were detected at half an hour before anesthesia induction (T0), the end of surgery (T1), postoperative day 1 (T2) and postoperative day 3 (T3). At the same time, the levels of IgA, IgM and IgG were calculated by suspension method. In addition, the occurrence and score of PONV were observed in postoperative 6h (T4), 12h after surgery (T5) and 48h after surgery (T6). The occurrence of adverse reactions was observed postoperative 1 week. Results The various immune index at T3 CD3+ (62.12% ± 8.37% vs. 58.15% ± 3.92%,57.15% ± 7.83%,55.32% ± 7.66%,F=132.238),CD4+(37.99% ± 6.92% vs.34.03% ± 6.32%, 34.00% ± 6.49%,33.85% ± 6.73%,F=2.794),CD8+(25.07% ± 5.06% vs.22.89% ± 1.32%,22.91% ± 1.24%, 22.78% ± 1.75%,F=2.849),CD4+/CD8+(1.30 ± 0.34 vs.1.27 ± 0.34,1.29 ± 0.31,1.25 ± 0.27,F=5.413),IgA (151.15 ± 36.83 IU/ml vs.135.24 ± 15.17 IU/ml,135.16 ± 16.09 IU/ml,132.05 ± 17.37 IU/ml,F=3.044),IgM (169.35 ± 53.69 IU/ml vs.146.26 ± 23.06 IU/ml,145.73 ± 24.66 IU/ml,143.12 ± 21.43 IU/ml,F=2.839),IgG 131.89 ± 28.13 IU/ml vs.118.88 ± 15.35 IU/ml,116.92 ± 20.25 IU/ml,115.06 ± 20.55 IU/ml,F=3.165)]in the group A were significantly higher than those in the other three groups (P<0.05); Meanwhile the PONV score of patients in group A at T5 (1.76 ± 0.24 vs. 1.98 ± 0.31, 1.96 ± 0.37, 2.09 ± 0.33, F=4.918) were significantly lower than that in the other three groups(P<0.05);the PONV score of patients in group A at T6(1.33 ± 0.36 vs. 1.52 ± 0.26, 1.54 ± 0.28, 1.73 ± 0.35 , F=6.984) were significantly lower than that in the other three groups (P<0.05);The incidence of adverse events in group A[11.5%(3/26)vs.38.5%(10/26),χ2=5.026]was lower than that in group D (P<0.05). Conclusions Preoperative acupuncture can effectively improve immunosuppressive state of patients with laparoscopic surgery during general anesthesia perioperative, and reduce the incidence of PONV and PONV score.
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This study was aimed to explore the death rule of viral hepatitis patient according to the 24-calendar cycle and time.Information of 40 681 inpatients diagnosed as viral hepatitis from 20 triple-A hospitals in China were collected from December 2003 to August 2011.The death rule of viral hepatitis patient according to the 24-calendar cycle and time was analyzed.It is the first time to put traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) concept of time into survival ending.Its mechanism was explained from the aspects of both TCM and modern medicine.It provided a reference method to combine TCM theory and clinical practice.The results showed that among 40 681 patients,36 547 patients had treatment ending.Among them,386 patients were dead,with the total death rate of 1.06％;308 patients were diagnosed as viral hepatitis B,which was about 79.79％ of the whole dead patients.The proportion of the death time is focused on the Great Heat and the Cold Dew,which is about 6.67％ and 6.4％,respectively.And the percentage of death in the winter is lowest,which is about 3％.The highest percentage of death in one day is Shen-Shi (from 3 pm to 5 pm,23.82％) and You-Shi (from 5 pm to 7 pm,21.78％).It was concluded that the death rule of viral hepatitis patient was at the highest percentage in summer and autumn;that of the spring was the second;and that of the winter was the lowest.In one day,the highest percentage of death lies in Jin-Shi (from 3 pm to 7 pm).
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Correspondence between man and nature theory is the core of TCM chronomedicine, and also plays an important role in ancient Chinese philosophy. The theory believes that distinguishing the rhythm is the foundation of treatment; complying with nature is the core of treatment; taking advantage of wane and wax is the method of treatment. This article combined the physiological and pathological characteristics of children to review the prevention and treatment of pediatric diseases based on chronomedicine, with a purpose to provide inspirations for clinical treatment.
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Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy betweenLing Gui Ba Fa(eight magic turtle techniques) acupuncture and ordinary acupuncture in treating irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D).Method Sixty patients were randomized into a treatment group and a control group, 30 cases in each group. The treatment group was intervened byLing Gui Ba Faacupuncture at Gongsun (SP4) and Neiguan (PC6), and the control group was intervened by ordinary needling Gongsun and Neiguan. For both groups, Tianshu (ST25), Dachangshu (BL25), Shangjuxu (ST37), Fenglong (ST40), and Pishu (BL20) were added. Theclinical efficacies of the two groups were compared by evaluating the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) clinical symptoms score and IBS Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire. The two groups were treated 3 times a week, 10 sessions as a treatment course, andwere evaluated by using the scales before and after the treatment followed by statistical analysis and determination of the therapeutic efficacy.Result The scales were significantly improved in both groups after the treatment (P<0.05), and the improvement in the treatment group was superior to that in the control group (P<0.01); the total effective rate was 90% (27/30) in the treatment group, higher than 80% (24/30) in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Ling Gui Ba Faacupuncture can produce a more significant efficacy than ordinary acupuncture in treating IBS-D, and can obviously enhance the quality of life of thepatients, providing an advantageous treatment scheme to clinic.
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Based on the findings of the past five decades, the seasonal regularity of respiratory disease was summed leading to respiratory tract diseases were summed up.