ABSTRACT
Este estudo compara os registros de óbitos por COVID-19 em 2020 para todo o território nacional. Utilizamos três bases distintas: Registro Civil (RC-Arpen), Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e Sistema de Informação da Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe). Há discordâncias entre os números de mortes por COVID-19 divulgados pelas diversas bases e essas diferenças variam em cada Unidade da Federação. A base do RC-Arpen é atualizada mais rapidamente que as outras duas bases do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde - DATASUS (SIM e SIVEP-Gripe), além de ser mais indicada para monitoramentos e pesquisas que abrangem períodos mais recentes. Apesar da atualização mais lenta, as bases do DATASUS apresentam números geograficamente similares e divulgam dados mais detalhados sobre as mortes. Esse detalhamento das informações torna as bases do DATASUS mais adequadas para pesquisas que demandam mais informações sobre o paciente e o tratamento.
This study compares the death records due to COVID-19 in 2020 for Brazilian territory. Three distinct databases were used: Civil Registry (RC-Arpen), Brazilian Mortality Information System (SIM), and Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe). We identified differences between the numbers of deaths due to COVID-19 in these databases, varying in each federative unit. The RC database is updated faster than the other two databases (SIM and SIVEP-Gripe) and it is most suited for monitoring and for studies covering recent periods. Despite the slower update, Brazilian Health Informatics Department (DATASUS) databases present geographically similar numbers and disclose more detailed data on deaths. This detailed information improves the DATASUS databases for studies that require more information about the patient and treatment.
Este estudio compara los registros de defunciones por COVID-19 en 2020 para todo el territorio brasileño. Se utilizaron tres bases diferentes: Registro Civil (RC-Arpen), Sistema de Información de Mortalidad (SIM) y Sistema de Información de Vigilancia Epidemiológica de la Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe). Existen discrepancias entre las cifras de muertes por COVID-19 comunicadas por las distintas bases de datos y estas diferencias varían en cada Unidad Federal. La base de datos RC se actualiza más rápidamente que las otras dos bases de datos del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud - DATASUS (SIM y SIVEP-Gripe) y es más adecuada para el seguimiento y las encuestas que abarcan periodos más recientes. A pesar de que la actualización es más lenta, las bases de datos del DATASUS presentan cifras geográficamente similares y revelan datos más detallados sobre las muertes. Este detalle de la información hace que las bases de datos del DATASUS sean más adecuadas para investigaciones que requieren más información sobre el paciente y el tratamiento.
ABSTRACT
Resumo Objetivo refletir sobre as implicações e os riscos associados ao novo registro de identificação do Brasil para a população trans. Método trata-se de estudo reflexivo que explora o conceito de identidade social como um fenômeno complexo, fundamentado nos princípios da autodeterminação e da dignidade humana. São consideradas perspectivas feministas pós-humanistas e críticas, que desafiam o essencialismo biológico dos indivíduos, com foco especial na teoria de Judith Butler. Resultados o Brasil está atualmente implementando um registro nacional de identificação capaz de reconhecer a identidade de gênero das pessoas trans. Este estudo aborda as implicações do novo sistema nacional de identificação, incluindo possíveis retrocessos e avanços na luta pelos direitos das pessoas trans. Para proteger a identidade e a segurança dessas pessoas, este artigo defende a criação de um novo sistema de identificação emitido pelo governo que armazene informações pessoais em bancos de dados, exibindo apenas o nome social e o marcador de gênero no cartão. Considerações finais e implicações para a prática as altas taxas de violência contra pessoas trans no Brasil destacam a necessidade urgente do novo sistema. O reconhecimento precoce e o respeito pela identidade de gênero são fundamentais para promover o sucesso do novo sistema.
Resumen Objetivo reflexionar sobre las implicaciones y los riesgos asociados con el nuevo registro de identificación de Brasil para la población trans. Método este es un estudio reflexivo que explora el concepto de identidad social como un fenómeno complejo, fundamentado en los principios de autodeterminación y dignidad humana. Se consideran perspectivas feministas poshumanistas, que desafían el esencialismo biológico, con un enfoque particular en la teoría de Judith Butler. Resultados Brasil se encuentra implementando un registro nacional de identificación que puede reconocer la identidad de género entre personas trans. Este estudio aborda las implicaciones del nuevo sistema nacional de identificación, incluyendo posibles retrocesos y avances en la lucha por los derechos de las personas trans. Para proteger la identidad y la seguridad de estas personas, este artículo aboga por la creación de un nuevo sistema de identificación emitido por el gobierno que almacene información personal en bases de datos, mostrando solo el nombre social y el marcador de género en la tarjeta. Consideraciones finales e implicaciones para la práctica las altas tasas de violencia contra personas trans en Brasil enfatizan la necesidad urgente del nuevo sistema. El reconocimiento temprano y el respeto por la identidad de género son fundamentales para promover el éxito del nuevo sistema nacional de identificación.
Abstract Objective to reflect on the implications and risks associated with Brazil's new identification registry for the trans population. Method this is a reflective study that explores the concept of social identity as a complex phenomenon, grounded in the principles of self-determination and human dignity. To accomplish this, it draws upon feminist post-humanist and critical perspectives, challenging individuals' biological essentialism, with a particular focus on Judith Butler's theory. Results Brazil is currently implementing a national identification registry that can recognize trans individuals' gender identity. This manuscript addresses the implications of the new national identification system, including potential setbacks and advances in the struggle for trans rights. To safeguard people's identity and safety, this article advocates for a novel national government-issued identification system that stores personal information in central databases for linking purposes, displaying only the preferred name and gender marker on the identification card. Final considerations and implication for practice the high rates of anti-trans violence in Brazil emphasize the urgent need for the new system. Early recognition and respect for gender identity are integral to promoting the success of the new national identification system.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Civil Registration , Brazil , Gender-Based ViolenceABSTRACT
Background & objectives: Due to shortcomings in death registration and medical certification, the excess death approach is recommended for COVID-19 mortality burden estimation. In this study the data from the civil registration system (CRS) from one district in India was explored for its suitability in the estimation of excess deaths, both directly and indirectly attributable to COVID-19. Methods: All deaths registered on the CRS portal at the selected registrar’s office of Faridabad district in Haryana between January 2016 and September 2021 were included. The deaths registered in 2020 and 2021 were compared to previous years (2016-2019), and excess mortality in both years was estimated by gender and age groups as the difference between the registered deaths and historical average month wise during 2016-2019 using three approaches – mean and 95 per cent confidence interval, FORECAST.ETS function in Microsoft Excel and linear regression. To assess the completeness of registration in the district, 150 deaths were sampled from crematoria and graveyards during 2020 and checked for registration in the CRS portal. Agreement in the cause of death (CoD) in CRS with the International Classification of Diseases-10 codes assigned for a subset of 585 deaths after verbal autopsy was calculated. Results: A total of 7017 deaths were registered in 2020, whereas 6792 deaths were registered till 30 September 2021 which represent a 9 and 44 per cent increase, respectively, from the historical average for that period. The highest increase was seen in the age group >60 yr (19% in 2020 and 56% in 2021). All deaths identified in crematoria and graveyards in 2020 had been registered. Observed peaks of all-cause excess deaths corresponded temporally and in magnitude to infection surges in the district. All three approaches gave overlapping estimates of the ratio of excess mortality to reported COVID-19 deaths of 1.8-4 in 2020 and 10.9-13.9 in 2021. There was poor agreement (?<0.4) between CoD in CRS and that assigned after physician review for most causes, except tuberculosis and injuries. Interpretation & conclusions: CRS data, despite the limitations, appeared to be appropriate for all-cause excess mortality estimation by age and sex but not by cause. There was an increase in death registration in 2020 and 2021 in the district.
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While civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) plays prominent roles to improve public sector management, i.e., the economic, social and political issues of a population, its adoption has not been yet without challenges and is still in its infant stage in most developing countries, including Ethiopia. This study reviews various literatures and studies made by different researchers and institutions related to the status, challenges and opportunities of CRVS in Ethiopia. Even though, CRVS has got a national recognition before hundred years in the country, the directives and rules are not issued for implementation. According to the findings,Ethiopia is among the countries that have not yet installed CRVS systems in both national and regional levels successfully. It is challenged by infrastructure, capacity building and lack of awareness among the population on the benefits of the system. The status of civil registration and vital statistics is in the lowestrank in Ethiopia. Recently, the aid agencies and the government has been giving special attention to scale up its performance in different parts of the country
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Background & objectives: In many developing countries including India, the civil registration data are incomplete, inadequate and not timely, therefore, compromising the usefulness of these data. The completeness of registration of death (CoRD) in the Indian Civil Registration System (CRS) was assessed from 2005 to 2015 at State level to understand its current status and trends over time and also to identify gaps in data to improve CRS data quality. Methods: CoRD for each year for each State was calculated from the CRS reports for 2005-2015. Data were analyzed nationally by geographic region and individual State. The availability of CoRD by age group and sex was also reported. Results: About 40 per cent increase in CoRD was documented for India between 2005 and 2015, with CoRD of 76.6 per cent in 2015. CoRD was >90 per cent in the western and southern regions and the eastern, central and northeastern regions had CoRD lower than the Indian average in 2015. Among the 29 States, 16 (55.2%) State had CoRD >80 per cent and five (17.2%) <50 per cent and 10 States recorded 100 per cent CoRD. Despite the highest per cent increase during 2005-2015 (108.5%), CoRD in Uttar Pradesh was 44.2 per cent in 2015. Varying levels of progress in 2015 were seen between the State with similar CoRD estimates in 2015. Nagaland (?63.3%), Manipur (?33.1%) and Tripura (?30.3%) were the only States that documented a decrease in CoRD during 2005-2015. The age non-availability for India ranged from 37.0 per cent in 2009 to 37.9 per cent in 2015, an average of 41.5 per cent over the seven years and was an average of 35.6 and 36.6 per cent for males and females, respectively. Age was available for all registered deaths only in five (17.2%) of the 29 States in 2009 and four (13.8%) in 2015. Sex non-availability for the recorded deaths was much lower as compared with that for age. Interpretation & conclusions: Despite the significant progress made in CoRD in India, critical differences between the States within the CRS remain, with poor availability of reporting by age and sex. Concentrated efforts to assess the strengths and weaknesses at the State level of the CRS processes, quality of data and plausibility of information generated are needed in India.
ABSTRACT
RESUMO A alteração do nome e do registro da pessoa transexual pode afetar a esfera jurídica de terceiros com os quais têm ou tiveram vínculo jurídico. Neste artigo, abordam-se os possíveis conflitos entre a pessoa transexual requalificada e terceiros que poderiam resultar em seus registros alterados, como os descendentes e ex-cônjuges. A partir de uma análise de conflitos hipotéticos, conclui-se que, embora formalmente caiba ao juiz encontrar a solução do conflito a partir de uma hermenêutica adequada, não há uma única solução. Assim, a ponderação dos princípios ocorrerá somente diante da situação concreta sub judice, não podendo o magistrado descurar do fato de que entre suas funções está a proteção dos direitos humanos.
ABSTRACT Changing the name and civil registration of the transgender person may affect the legal sphere of third parties with whom they have or had legal ties. This article discusses he possible conflicts that may involve the requalified transgender person and third parties that could result in their altered civil records, such as descendants and former spouses. Based on an analysis of hypothetical hypotheses, it can be concluded that while it is formally up to the judge to find a conflict resolution through an appropriate measure, there is no single solution.