ABSTRACT
La contaminación de las áreas de preparación al entrar en contacto con los alimentos crudos o cocinados, es por esto que una de las principales causas de la contaminación de las superficies inertes es la inadecuada manipulación de los alimentos a la hora de ser preparados. Con el objetivo de controlar la aplicación de normas de higiene en las áreas de preparación y consumo de alimentos mediante análisis microbiológicos para disminuir los riesgos de contaminación alimentaria. Esta investigación es de carácter descriptivo, en la cual se realizó una inspección visual del establecimiento con el propósito de evaluar las condiciones higiénicas sanitarias, mediante la aplicación de la Guía Técnica para el Análisis Microbiológico de Superficies en contacto con Alimentos y Bebidas. Para el análisis microbiológico de las muestras se emplearon las técnicas de inoculación, método de estriado, aislamiento bacteriano, tinción diferencial y utilización de las pruebas bioquímicas como: TSI, SIM, Citrato de Simmons, Urea, Lisina, Catalasa y Oxidasa, además de la utilización de medios de cultivo selectivo y diferencial como agar EMB y agar MacConkey para la identificación de bacterias entéricas como: E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella, Pseudomona aeruginosa. Los resultados arrojaron que la frecuencia bacteriana de las superficies inertes de los restaurantes en el área de preparación de alimentos (mesón y tabla de picar) tienen presencia de bacterias: Salmonella con mayor frecuencia; E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Pseudomonas aeruginosa de mediana frecuencia y de baja para Shigella, y en el área de consumo de alimentos (mesas) la bacteria de mayor frecuencia es la E. coli y Shigella, la Klebsiella pneumoniae de mediana y Pseudomona aeruginosa se encuentra en baja frecuencia. Se llegó a la conclusión que las superficies inertes tanto en el área de preparación como en el área de consumo de alimentos se encuentran contaminados por lo que hay un riesgo de infección alimentaria para los comensales de la Universidad Técnica de Machala.
Contamination of preparation areas when coming into contact with raw or cooked foods, which is why one of the main causes of contamination of inert surfaces is inadequate handling of food when it is being prepared. With the aim of controlling the application of hygiene standards in the areas of food preparation and consumption through microbiological analysis to reduce the risks of food contamination. This research is descriptive in nature, in which a visual inspection of the establishment was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the sanitary and hygienic conditions, through the application of the Technical Guide for the Microbiological Analysis of Surfaces in Contact with Food and Beverages. For the microbiological analysis of the samples, inoculation techniques, streaking method, bacterial isolation, differential staining and use of biochemical tests such as: TSI, SIM, Simmons Citrate, Urea, Lysine, Catalase and Oxidase, in addition to use of selective and differential culture media such as EMB agar and MacConkey agar for the identification of enteric bacteria such as: E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella, Pseudomona aeruginosa. The results showed that the bacterial frequency of the inert surfaces of the restaurants in the food preparation area (counter and cutting board) have the presence of bacteria: Salmonella more frequently; E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa of medium frequency and low frequency for Shigella, and in the food consumption area (tables) the most frequent bacteria are E. coli and Shigella, Klebsiella pneumoniae of medium and Pseudomona aeruginosa It is at low frequency. It was concluded that the inert surfaces in both the preparation area and the food consumption area are contaminated, so there is a risk of food infection for diners at the Technical University of Machala
Contaminação das áreas de preparo ao entrar em contato com alimentos crus ou cozidos, por isso uma das principais causas de contaminação de superfícies inertes é o manuseio inadequado dos alimentos no momento do preparo. Com o objetivo de controlar a aplicação de padrões de higiene nas áreas de preparação e consumo de alimentos através de análises microbiológicas para reduzir os riscos de contaminação alimentar. Esta pesquisa é de natureza descritiva, na qual foi realizada uma inspeção visual do estabelecimento com a finalidade de avaliar as condições sanitárias e higiênicas, por meio da aplicação do Guia Técnico para Análise Microbiológica de Superfícies em Contato com Alimentos e Bebidas. Para a análise microbiológica das amostras foram utilizadas técnicas de inoculação, método de estrias, isolamento bacteriano, coloração diferencial e utilização de testes bioquímicos como: TSI, SIM, Citrato de Simmons, Ureia, Lisina, Catalase e Oxidase, além de utilização de testes seletivos e diferenciais. meios de cultura como ágar EMB e ágar MacConkey para identificação de bactérias entéricas como: E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella, Pseudomona aeruginosa. Os resultados mostraram que a frequência bacteriana das superfícies inertes dos restaurantes na área de preparo de alimentos (balcão e tábua de corte) apresentam com maior frequência a presença de bactérias: Salmonella; E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa de média frequência e baixa frequência para Shigella, e na área de consumo alimentar (tabelas) as bactérias mais frequentes são E. coli e Shigella, Klebsiella pneumoniae de média e Pseudomona aeruginosa Está em baixa frequência. Concluiu-se que as superfícies inertes tanto na área de preparação como na área de consumo de alimentos estão contaminadas, pelo que existe risco de infecção alimentar para os comensais da Universidade Técnica de Machala
Subject(s)
Microbiological TechniquesABSTRACT
La contaminación de las áreas de preparación al entrar en contacto con los alimentos crudos o cocinados, es por esto que una de las principales causas de la contaminación de las superficies inertes es la inadecuada manipulación de los alimentos a la hora de ser preparados. Con el objetivo de controlar la aplicación de normas de higiene en las áreas de preparación y consumo de alimentos mediante análisis microbiológicos para disminuir los riesgos de contaminación alimentaria. Esta investigación es de carácter descriptivo, en la cual se realizó una inspección visual del establecimiento con el propósito de evaluar las condiciones higiénicas sanitarias, mediante la aplicación de la Guía Técnica para el Análisis Microbiológico de Superficies en contacto con Alimentos y Bebidas. Para el análisis microbiológico de las muestras se emplearon las técnicas de inoculación, método de estriado, aislamiento bacteriano, tinción diferencial y utilización de las pruebas bioquímicas como: TSI, SIM, Citrato de Simmons, Urea, Lisina, Catalasa y Oxidasa, además de la utilización de medios de cultivo selectivo y diferencial como agar EMB y agar MacConkey para la identificación de bacterias entéricas como: E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella, Pseudomona aeruginosa. Los resultados arrojaron que la frecuencia bacteriana de las superficies inertes de los restaurantes en el área de preparación de alimentos (mesón y tabla de picar) tienen presencia de bacterias: Salmonella con mayor frecuencia; E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae y Pseudomonas aeruginosa de mediana frecuencia y de baja para Shigella, y en el área de consumo de alimentos (mesas) la bacteria de mayor frecuencia es la E. coli y Shigella, la Klebsiella pneumoniae de mediana y Pseudomona aeruginosa se encuentra en baja frecuencia. Se llegó a la conclusión que las superficies inertes tanto en el área de preparación como en el área de consumo de alimentos se encuentran contaminados por lo que hay un riesgo de infección alimentaria para los comensales de la Universidad Técnica de Machala.
Contamination of preparation areas when coming into contact with raw or cooked foods, which is why one of the main causes of contamination of inert surfaces is inadequate handling of food when it is being prepared. With the aim of controlling the application of hygiene standards in the areas of food preparation and consumption through microbiological analysis to reduce the risks of food contamination. This research is descriptive in nature, in which a visual inspection of the establishment was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the sanitary and hygienic conditions, through the application of the Technical Guide for the Microbiological Analysis of Surfaces in Contact with Food and Beverages. For the microbiological analysis of the samples, inoculation techniques, streaking method, bacterial isolation, differential staining and use of biochemical tests such as: TSI, SIM, Simmons Citrate, Urea, Lysine, Catalase and Oxidase, in addition to use of selective and differential culture media such as EMB agar and MacConkey agar for the identification of enteric bacteria such as: E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella, Pseudomona aeruginosa. The results showed that the bacterial frequency of the inert surfaces of the restaurants in the food preparation area (counter and cutting board) have the presence of bacteria: Salmonella more frequently; E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa of medium frequency and low frequency for Shigella, and in the food consumption area (tables) the most frequent bacteria are E. coli and Shigella, Klebsiella pneumoniae of medium and Pseudomona aeruginosa It is at low frequency. It was concluded that the inert surfaces in both the preparation area and the food consumption area are contaminated, so there is a risk of food infection for diners at the Technical University of Machala.
Contaminação das áreas de preparo ao entrar em contato com alimentos crus ou cozidos, por isso uma das principais causas de contaminação de superfícies inertes é o manuseio inadequado dos alimentos no momento do preparo. Com o objetivo de controlar a aplicação de padrões de higiene nas áreas de preparação e consumo de alimentos através de análises microbiológicas para reduzir os riscos de contaminação alimentar. Esta pesquisa é de natureza descritiva, na qual foi realizada uma inspeção visual do estabelecimento com a finalidade de avaliar as condições sanitárias e higiênicas, por meio da aplicação do Guia Técnico para Análise Microbiológica de Superfícies em Contato com Alimentos e Bebidas. Para a análise microbiológica das amostras foram utilizadas técnicas de inoculação, método de estrias, isolamento bacteriano, coloração diferencial e utilização de testes bioquímicos como: TSI, SIM, Citrato de Simmons, Ureia, Lisina, Catalase e Oxidase, além de utilização de testes seletivos e diferenciais. meios de cultura como ágar EMB e ágar MacConkey para identificação de bactérias entéricas como: E. coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Shigella, Pseudomona aeruginosa. Os resultados mostraram que a frequência bacteriana das superfícies inertes dos restaurantes na área de preparo de alimentos (balcão e tábua de corte) apresentam com maior frequência a presença de bactérias: Salmonella; E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa de média frequência e baixa frequência para Shigella, e na área de consumo alimentar (tabelas) as bactérias mais frequentes são E. coli e Shigella, Klebsiella pneumoniae de média e Pseudomona aeruginosa Está em baixa frequência . Concluiu-se que as superfícies inertes tanto na área de preparação como na área de consumo de alimentos estão contaminadas, pelo que existe risco de infecção alimentar para os comensais da Universidade Técnica de Machala.
ABSTRACT
A higienização é um procedimento importante na indústria de alimentos e sua realização deve ocorrer rotineiramente para evitar que os alimentos sejam contaminados. Além disso, todos os manipuladores de alimentos devem receber treinamentos de modo a entender como ocorrem as contaminações e como evitá-las, para que não ocorra deterioração antecipada dos alimentos e para que não exponham os consumidores ao risco de doenças transmitidas por alimentos em caso de contaminação. Esta pesquisa avaliou o processo de higienização e sua eficiência em superfícies presentes em uma agroindústria da agricultura familiar produtora de embutidos cárneos. Apesar de ter instalações adequadas a agroindústria apresentava inadequações quanto aos produtos utilizados e a frequência inadequada para uma higienização eficiente. Foi realizada análise microbiológica das superfícies dos equipamentos para contagem de aeróbios mesófilos e notou-se uma elevada carga microbiana que indicou uma baixa eficiência no processo de higienização. Sugeriu-se melhorias na higiene ambiental associado à instrução dos colaboradores, para contribuir na promoção da qualidade dos produtos, aumento dos lucros e salvaguardando a saúde do consumidor.
Hygiene is an important procedure in the food industry, and its performance must occur routinely to prevent food from being contaminated. In addition, all food handlers must receive training in order to understand how contamination occurs and how to avoid it, so that there is no anticipated deterioration of food and that consumers are not exposed to the risk of foodborne diseases. in case of contamination by pathogenic microorganisms. Thus, this research evaluated the cleaning process and its efficiency on surfaces present in a family farming agroindustry that produces meat products, which despite having adequate facilities, had some difficulties such as product use and inadequate frequency for eficiente cleaning. After performing a microbiological analysis to count surface mesophilic aerobes, a high level of contamination was noted, relating to low efficiency in the cleaning process. Improvements in environmental hygiene are suggested, associated with the instruction of employees for the implementation of the Standard Operating Hygiene Procedure, promoting improvements in product quality, increasing profits and safeguarding consumer health.
Subject(s)
Cattle , Food Hygiene , Meat Industry/standards , Foodborne Diseases/prevention & control , Brazil , Food Industry/standards , Meat ProductsABSTRACT
Objective:To evaluate the effect of automated flexible endoscope channel brushing system (AFECBS) on endoscope reprocessing.Methods:A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. The used endoscopes were divided into automatic group and manual group by random number table method, 200 in each group. In the automatic group, the AFECBS was used to scrub each tube 3 times during endoscope cleaning; and in the manual group, scrubbing and disinfection personnel routinely brushed each pipeline for 3 times. The primary end point was the qualified rate of endoscopic cleaning quality in the two groups, and the secondary end point was the time spent by the scrubbing and disinfection personnel on the two groups.Results:The qualified rate of overall cleaning in the automatic group was 90.0% (180/200), and in the manual group was 81.0% (162/200). The qualified rate of the automatic group was higher than that of the manual group ( χ2=6.534, P=0.011). The qualified rate of gastroscope cleaning in the automatic group was higher than that in the manual group [92.0% (127/138) VS 81.6% (120/147), χ2=6.658, P=0.010]. There was no significant difference in the qualified rate of colonoscope cleaning between the automatic group and the manual group [85.5% (53/62) VS 79.2% (42/53), χ2=0.774, P=0.379]. When the cleaning personnel scoured 5 endoscopes in each of the two groups, the time of the automatic group (5.17±0.42 min) was shorter than that of the manual group (9.60±0.53 min) ( t=92.644, P<0.001). Conclusion:Compared with manual scrubbing, AFECBS can improve the qualified rate of endoscope cleaning and the work efficiency of scrubbing and disinfection personnel, which is worthy of clinical application.
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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Contamination of the breathing circuit and medication preparation surface of an anesthesia machine can increase the risk of cross-infection. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the contamination of the anesthetic medication preparation surface, respiratory circuits, and devices used in general anesthesia with assisted mechanical ventilation. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, quantitative study conducted at the surgical center of a philanthropic hospital, of medium complexity located in the municipality of Três Lagoas, in the eastern region of the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. METHODS: Eighty-two microbiological samples were collected from the breathing circuits. After repeating the samples in different culture media, 328 analyses were performed. RESULTS: A higher occurrence of E. coli, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae (P < 0.001) were observed. Variations were observed depending on the culture medium and sample collection site. CONCLUSION: The study findings underscore the inadequate disinfection of the inspiratory and expiratory branches, highlighting the importance of stringent cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces.
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Background and objectives: inanimate surfaces and equipment in the hospital environment are considered reservoirs of resistant and pathogenic microorganisms. In Pediatric Intensive Care Units, the risk of infection is also related to the severity of pathologies associated with the immaturity of the immune system of this population. This study aimed to investigate microbiological environmental contamination in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit. Method: this is an exploratory cross-sectional study, carried out in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a highly complex university hospital, located in southern Brazil. To assess environmental contamination, sterile swabs were rubbed on surfaces corresponding to the patient unit and in the common area. Results: twenty-eight surfaces were analyzed, 12 of which were located in units occupied by patients at the time of collection and 16 surfaces in the common use area. In the total number of surfaces analyzed by microbiological cultures, the patient unit showed 66.67% contamination by microorganisms, while surfaces in the common area showed 56.25%. Regarding the microbiological profile, all isolated microorganisms were Gram-positive and showed resistance, namely Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Conclusion: there was evidence of a high frequency of contamination on inanimate surfaces and equipment near and far from patients, essentially by pathogenic and multi-resistant microorganisms to antimicrobials.(AU)
Justificativa e objetivos: superfícies e equipamentos inanimados no ambiente hospitalar são considerados reservatórios de microrganismos resistentes e patogênicos. Nas Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos, o risco de infeção também está relacionado com a gravidade das patologias associadas à imaturidade do sistema imunitário desta população. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a contaminação microbiológica ambiental em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica. Método: trata-se de um estudo exploratório transversal, realizado em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Pediátrica de um hospital universitário de alta complexidade, localizado no Sul do Brasil. Para avaliar a contaminação ambiental, foram esfregados swabs estéreis nas superfícies correspondentes à unidade do paciente e na área comum. Resultados: foram analisadas vinte e oito superfícies, sendo 12 localizadas em unidades ocupadas por pacientes no momento da coleta e 16 superfícies em área de uso comum. No total de superfícies analisadas por culturas microbiológicas, a unidade paciente apresentou 66,67% de contaminação por microrganismos, enquanto as superfícies da área comum apresentaram 56,25%. Quanto ao perfil microbiológico, todos os microrganismos isolados eram Gram-positivos e apresentavam resistência, nomeadamente Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus coagulase-negativa. Conclusão: houve evidência de elevada frequência de contaminação em superfícies inanimadas e equipamentos próximos e distantes dos pacientes, essencialmente por microrganismos patogênicos e multirresistentes aos antimicrobianos.(AU)
Fundamento y objetivos: las superficies y equipos inanimados del ambiente hospitalario son considerados reservorios de microorganismos resistentes y patógenos. En las Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos el riesgo de infección también se relaciona con la gravedad de patologías asociadas a la inmadurez del sistema inmunológico de esta población. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la contaminación ambiental microbiológica en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos. Método: se trata de un estudio exploratorio transversal, realizado en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos de un hospital universitario de alta complejidad, ubicado en el sur de Brasil. Para evaluar la contaminación ambiental se frotaron hisopos estériles en las superficies correspondientes a la unidad de pacientes y en el área común. Resultados: se analizaron veintiocho superficies, 12 de las cuales estaban ubicadas en unidades ocupadas por los pacientes en el momento de la recogida y 16 superficies en el área de uso común. Del total de superficies analizadas por cultivos microbiológicos, la unidad de pacientes presentó un 66,67% de contaminación por microorganismos, mientras que las superficies del área común presentaron un 56,25%. En cuanto al perfil microbiológico, todos los microorganismos aislados fueron Gram positivos y presentaron resistencia, concretamente Staphylococcus aureus y Staphylococcus coagulasa negativo. Conclusión: se evidenció alta frecuencia de contaminación en superficies inanimadas y equipos cercanos y lejanos de los pacientes, esencialmente por microorganismos patógenos y multirresistentes a los antimicrobianos.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Cross Infection , Equipment Contamination , Cross-Sectional Studies , Drug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialABSTRACT
A solar photovoltaic (SPV) powered paddy winnower was developed and evaluated at CAET, BSKKV, Dapoli. In order to eliminate the operational problems and difficulties, it was proposed to modify the existing SPV power operated paddy winnower, for better and improved performance. The existing SPV operated paddy winnower was tested to find the operational difficulties, and the physical properties of different paddy verities i.e., Ratnagiri-1, Ratnagiri-6, karjat-3. Including the terminal velocity, angle of repose, bulk density. It was found that improving several parameters can eliminate the operational difficulties from the existing SPV operated paddy winnower. The necessary modifications were incorporated in a modified SPV operated paddy winnower. The modified SPV operated paddy winnower was tested for Ratnagari-1 Variety of paddy and its improved performances were reported.
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Objective: To explore the occupational protective effect of different protective devices on the operators during manual cleaning and oiling of dental handpieces, and to provide a basis for the selection of appropriate protective methods. Methods: From November 2020 to December 2021, 20 high-speed dental handpieces of the same brand were selected and randomly divided into disposable protective bag group and small aerosol safety cabinet group by drawing lots, with 10 in each group. After recording the model, they were distributed to the clinical fixed consulting room for use, and were collected by specially-assigned personnel every day for manual cleaning under the protection of the two devices. By measuring the number of airborne colonies, the concentrations of particulate matter and the satisfaction of operators, the occupational protection effect of the two protective devices on operators was evaluated. Results: Under the protection of the two devices, the average number of airborne colonies after operation was less than 1 CFU/ml. When no protective device was used, the number concentration of particulate matter produced during operation was (21595.70±8164.26) pieces/cm(3). The number concentrations of particles produced by disposable protective bag group [ (6800.24±515.05) pieces/cm(3)] and small aerosol safety cabinet group [ (5797.15±790.50) pieces/cm(3)] were significantly lower than those without any protective device (P<0.001). The number concentration of particle matter of small aerosol safety cabinet group was significantly lower than that of disposable protective bag group (P<0.001). In the satisfaction evaluation of operators, small aerosol safety cabinet group [ (3.53±0.82) points] was significantly better than disposable protective bag group [ (2.23±1.10) points] (P<0.001) . Conclusion: The use of small aerosol safety cabinet during manual cleaning and oiling of dental handpieces has good protective effect, superior safety performance and strong clinical applicability, and has advantages in occupational protection of clinical operators.
Subject(s)
Aerosols , Particulate Matter , Protective DevicesABSTRACT
Objective@# To compare the efficiency of four methods that remove calcium hydroxide in root canals and to guide clinical practice. @* Methods @# Sixty-five isolated mandibular single root canal premolars were collected. After crown cutting and root canal preparation, a tooth was randomly selected as the blank control group, and the remaining 64 teeth were equally divided into Groups A and B (n = 32). Group A was injected with water-soluble calcium hydroxide, and Group B was injected with oil-soluble calcium hydroxide. After 2 weeks of drug sealing, Groups A and B were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8), including the lateral opening syringe group, sonic vibration group, ultrasonic group, and Er: YAG laser group. Before and after calcium hydroxide removal, the samples were scanned by cone-beam CT, and the data were imported into Mimics for 3D reconstruction. The root canal was divided into the following segments: superior root segment, middle and apical, and the calcium hydroxide volume of each segment of the root canal was calculated. The volumes of calcium hydroxide before and after removal were V1 and V2, respectively, with a clearance rate = (V1-V2)/V1×100%. Three-factor ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. After Groups A and B were reconstructed, the apical region with residual calcium hydroxide was selected, and the blank control was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). @*Results @# Two types of calcium hydroxide could not be completely removed by the four flushing methods. The clearance rate of water-soluble calcium hydroxide was higher than that of oil-soluble calcium hydroxide (P<0.001). Among the three segments of the root canal, the clearance rate of the apical segment was lower (P<0.05). The Er: YAG laser treatment group showed the highest removal efficiency of two kinds of calcium hydroxide, which was higher than that of the other groups, especially in apical of the root. Compared with the sonic wave washing group and the syringe washing group, the ultrasonic wave washing group exhibited significant advantages (P<0.05). The clearance rate of the sonic wave washing group was higher in the oily calcium hydroxide root middle group than in the syringe washing group (P<0.05). SEM showed that the two kinds of calcium hydroxide could not be completely removed, but the residual rate of oil-soluble calcium hydroxide was large.@*Conclusion @# Both types of calcium hydroxide could not be completely removed, and compared to water-soluble calcium hydroxide, oil-soluble calcium hydroxide was more difficult to remove. Among the four cleaning methods, Er:YAG laser swing washing showed the higher cleaning efficiency.
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OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the effect of oral microscope-assisted surface decontamination on implants in vitro.@*METHODS@#Twelve implants that fell off because of severe peri-implantitis were collected, and decontamination was carried out on the surfaces of implants through curetting, ultrasound, titanium brushing, and sandblasting at 1×, 8×, or 12.8× magnifications. The number and sizes of residues on the implants' surfaces after decontamination were determined, and the decontamination effect was analyzed according to the thread spacing in the different parts of the thread.@*RESULTS@#1) The 8× and 12.8× groups scored lower for implant surface residues than the 1× group (P<0.000 1), and the 12.8× group scored lower than the 8× group (P<0.001); 2) no difference in residue score was found between the wide and narrow thread pitch (P>0.05), and the 8× and 12.8× groups had lower scores than the 1× group (P<0.001); 3) the lowest number of contaminants was observed at the tip of the thread, whereas the highest was observed below the thread, and the difference was significant (P<0.001). However, the thread pitch had no effect on the number of contaminants in different areas (P>0.05); 4) the residue scores of the 8× and 12.8× groups were lower than those of the 1× group at the thread tip and above, sag, and below the thread of the implants (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Residues on the surfaces of contaminated implants can be effectively removed by using an oral microscope. After decontamination, the residues of pollutants were mainly concentrated below the thread of the implants, and the thread pitch of the implants had no significant effect on the residues.
Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Implants , Decontamination , Surface Properties , Peri-Implantitis , TitaniumABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the relevant influence factors and the practical effects of improvement strategies of ultrasonic cleaning effect on medical apparatuses of central sterile supply department(CSSD)of hospital.Methods:The medical apparatuses were cleaned by ultrasound in hospital between March and June 2022 were selected.The influencing factors of cleaning effect of medical apparatuses were analyzed by Logistic regression model,and the corresponding improvement strategies were formulated according to the above factors.The medical apparatuses during the period from July to September 2022 after the improvement strategies were implemented were selected to compare the cleaning effects between before and after implemented improvement strategies.Results:Before the improvement strategies were implemented,the cleaning qualities of 41 times were not quality in the cleaning of 465 times for medical apparatuses,and the cleaning qualities of 424 times were quality,which qualified rate of cleaning was 91.18%.The results of Logistic regression analysis showed that whether the normalization of pre-washing,water quality,cleaning medium and cleaning conditions were qualified were independent influence factors of ultrasonic cleaning effect of CCSD medical apparatuses(OR=6.673,OR=5.140,OR=3.983,OR=5.023,P<0.05).After the improvement strategy was implemented,there was not unqualified cleaning in the cleanings of 465 times of medical apparatuses,and the qualified rate of cleaning was 100%,which was higher than that before improvement strategy was implemented(x2=42.891,P<0.001).Conclusion:The independent influence factors of the ultrasonic cleaning effect of CCSD medical apparatuses were respectively the normalization of pre-washing,water quality,cleaning medium and cleaning conditions.The formulated improvement measures based on the above factors can significant improve the cleaning effect.
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Objective To explore the effect of improving cleaning and disinfection methods on the prevention,con-trol and disinfection of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE)in burn plastic surgery ward.Methods 297 patients who admitted to the department of burn plastic surgery in a hospital from February 1 to August 31,2021 were selected as the control group,and 210 patients who admitted to the hospital from September 1,2021 to Febru-ary 28,2022 after cleaning and disinfection methods improved were selected as the intervention group.Detection rate of CRE from patients,incidence of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)with CRE,and detection rate of envi-ronmental CRE before and after intervention were statistically analyzed and compared.Results The incidence of HAI and detection rate of CRE from patients in the intervention group were 0.95％and 0,respectively,lower than 4.04％and 2.02％in the control group(both P＜0.05).Compared to the control group,qualified rates of detec-tion of air and surface microbiology,adenosine triphosphate(ATP)bioflorescence and fluorescence labeling in the intervention group were all higher(x2=5.52,13.08,6.66,and 15.01,respectively,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Improving cleaning and disinfection method can reduce the incidence of HAI and the detection rate of CRE in burn wards,improve the surface cleanliness of environmental objects,as well as the effectiveness of HAI prevention and control.
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SUMMARY: Traditional methods of bone retrieval from embalmed cadaver are not able to meet the demand of medical colleges as they are time consuming & tedious, thus there is need of evaluating an alternative approach that includes use of laundry detergent. The purpose of the study was to compare & establish the most effective method between laundry detergent and 10 % antiformin solution methods to procure clean bones. Thirty-two bones of the right side that were included in the inclusion criteria obtained from the four embalmed cadaver were cleaned by laundry detergent and of the left side by 10 % antiformin solution methods. Retrieved clean bones were evaluated for their cleanness using the scale from 0 to 5. The mean cleanness scores of the bones cleaned by laundry detergent method were not significantly different at 95 % confidence interval than the mean cleanness scores of the bones cleaned by 10 % antiformin solution method. The study found that though there is no significant difference in the mean cleanness score of the bones cleaned by two employed methods nevertheless, bones were found to be cleaner by using 10 % antiformin solution method and bones obtained by using laundry detergent method had smooth surface as well as more suitable for flat bones.
Los métodos tradicionales de recuperación de huesos de cadáveres embalsamados no pueden satisfacer la demanda de las facultades de medicina, ya que consumen mucho tiempo y son tediosos de realizar, por tanto es necesario evaluar un enfoque alternativo que incluya el uso de detergente de lavandería. El propósito del estudio fue comparar y establecer el método más eficaz entre el detergente para la ropa y los métodos de solución de antiformina al 10 % para obtener huesos limpios. Fueron utilizados 32 huesos del lado derecho que se incluyeron en los criterios de inclusión obtenidos de los cuatro cadáveres embalsamados. Los huesos se trataron con detergente de lavandería y los del lado izquierdo con métodos de solución de antiformina al 10 %. Los huesos tratados se evaluaron respecto a su limpieza utilizando una escala de 0 a 5. Las puntuaciones media de limpieza de los huesos tratados con el método de detergente no fueron significativamente diferentes en un intervalo de confianza del 95 % de las puntuaciones medias obtenidas respecto a la limpieza de los huesos tratados con antiformina al 10 %. El estudio determinó que, aunque no hay hubo diferencia significativa en la puntuación media de la limpieza de los huesos tratados por los dos métodos, se observó que utilizando el método de solución de antiformina al 10 %, la limpieza de los huesos era mejor, sin embargo, los huesos planos presentaban una superficie más lisa cuando se usó el método de detergente de lavandería.
Subject(s)
Humans , Sodium Hypochlorite/chemistry , Bone and Bones , Detergents/chemistry , Embalming , Cadaver , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Introduction@#In pharmaceutical industry there are some possibilities of contamination and cross contamination because of improper cleaning of equipment, apparatus, processing area or the starting material, this can lead to severe hazards, therefore in pharmaceutical industry could not afford any contamination as well as cross contamination. This can be minimized by proper cleaning of equipment, apparatus as well as the processing area. The cleaning validation is a documented process that proves the effectiveness and quality prospective. Manufacturing of Diclofenac sodium (DICLOMON) retard tablets and utilizing common facility, where diclofenac sodium could be possible cross contaminant. The present study was carried out to validate the cleaning activity from both regulatory and quality prospective.@*Methods@#All chemicals and reagents used for cleaning validation were analytical grade and used LC-20AT Shimadzu HPLC. Traditional methods were used for microbiological analysis. The instruments in the common facility were cleaned with purified water after production of Diclofenac sodium retard tablets 100mg. Validation of cleaning activity was carried out by visual inspection, swab sampling for chemical residue and similarly swab sampling for Microbiological analysis.@*Conclusion@#The cleaning validation studies of Diclofenac sodium retard tablets 100mg was observed by visual inspection, swab sampling for chemical residue and similarly swab sampling for microbiological analysis. The result revealed that (1) There were no visual residues on the equipment (2) Chemical residues were below acceptance criteria (3) Total aerobic microbial count(TAMC) were below acceptance criteria (4) Total combined molds and yeast count was Nil and (5) Pathogens were absent Upon the compiled data, it was concluded that the train of equipment in tablet manufacturing block is completed, and the results were found to be satisfactory and there is no cross contamination of Diclofenac sodium to next product.
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Abstract@#In pharmaceutical industry there are some possibilities of contamination and cross contamination because of improper cleaning of equipment, apparatus, processing area or the starting material, this can lead to severe hazards, therefore in pharmaceutical industry we could not afford any contamination as well as cross contamination. This can be minimized by proper cleaning of equipment, apparatus as well as the processing area. Prevention of cross contamination is one of the most significant conditions of Good Manufacturing Practices for drugs. This is especially topical for a multipurpose (shared) manufacture where several medicinal products, including drugs of different pharmacotherapeutic groups, are produced using the same facilities (manufacturing areas, workrooms, and equipment). The industry is able to achieve these key goals with the help of implementation of GMP. Therefore, a perfect cleaning method is required for avoiding the possibilities of contamination and cross contamination, for this a validated program is required, this program is known as cleaning validation. “Cleaning validation is documented evidence which assure that cleaning of equipment, piece of equipment or system will obtain pre-determined and acceptable limits”.
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In order to clean the endoscopic tube more effectively, a new double-headed endoscopic cleaning brush was used in this study. A total of 130 colonoscopies were selected from the Digestive Endoscopy Center of Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from June 2019 to August 2020. The colonoscopy cleaning sequence was marked with odd and even number. Colonoscopies marked with the odd number were assigned to the conventional group ( n=65) which received back and forth cleaning with the single-headed endoscope cleaning brush. Colonoscopies marked with the even number were assigned to the experimental group ( n=65) which received one-way cleaning with a nylon brush at the head and a dense non-woven brush at the tail. The cleaning methods for endoscopes were in accordance with Flexible Endoscopic Cleaning and Disinfection Technical Specification WS507—2016. ATP bioluminescence tests and bacterial quantitative cultures were applied to evaluate the cleaning effects of the two methods. The results showed that ATP relative light unit (RLU) decreased in both the experimental group and the conventional group [530.63 RLU (26-3 559 RLU) VS 270.87 RLU (20-1 415 RLU)] before and after cleaning the endoscope tube, showing significant difference between the two groups ( Z=-2.894, P<0.05). After scrubbing, the positive rate of bacterial culture on the brush head was 86.2% (56/65) for the double-headed non-woven brush head, 46.2% (30/65) for the double-headed nylon brush head and 32.3% (21/65) for the single-headed nylon brush head with significant differences among the three groups ( χ 2=41.046, P<0.05). The cleaning effect of the new double-headed endoscopic cleaning brush is better than that of the conventional single-headed endoscopic cleaning brush for soft endoscope cleaning. Non-woven brush is better than nylon brush in eliminating bacteria.
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Objective:To improve the loading technology of precision micro instruments, so as to ensure not only the quality of cleaning and sterilization, but also the safe use of instruments.Methods:From January to March, 2021, 80 sets of precision micro instruments from Sterilization Supply Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ruijin Hospital were randomly divided into silica gel pad loading group (group A) and silica gel stent loading group (group B), 40 sets in each group. The cleaning effect, drying effect, loading effectiveness and sterilization wet bag of the instruments in the two groups were compared, and the staff of the disinfection supply center were satisfied with the operation of the loading technology of the instruments in the two groups.Results:The qualified cleaning numbers of the instruments in group A and B were 37 and 39 respectively, and there was no significant difference between the two groups ( χ2 = 1.05, P>0.05). The qualified drying numbers in the group A and B were 29 and 38 respectively, the difference between the two groups was significant ( χ2 = 7.44, P<0.05). The effective number of loading in the group A and B were 30 cases and 39 cases respectively, the difference was significant between the two groups ( χ2 = 8.54, P<0.05). The number of sterilized wet bags in the group A and B were 6 cases and 0 cases respectively, the difference was significant between the two groups ( χ2 = 6.49, P<0.05). The satisfaction of 44 personnel in the disinfection supply center with the operation of loading technology were 36 and 43 respectively, the difference was statistically significant between the two groups ( χ2 = 6.07, P<0.05). Conclusion:Loading precision micro instruments with silica gel stent can not only ensure the cleaning and sterilization quality of instruments, but also make the loading of instruments more safe and stable, greatly improve the working efficiency of instrument treatment and accelerate the turnover efficiency of instruments.
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Objective:A foot cleaning device for bedridden patients in ICU was made, and its application effects in foot cleaning for bedridden patients in ICU was discussed.Methods:A total of 200 inpatients in the department of ICU from April 2021 to October 2021 were selected as the research objects.According to the random number table, the patients were divided into two groups, including 100 patients in the control group and 100 patients in the experimental group.The patients in the control group used an ordinary foot basin and dipped warm water by a towel for foot wiping and cleaning. The patients in the experimental group used a foot cleaning device for bedridden patients developed and designed by our hospital. Both groups received warm water foot bath for 20 minutes after cleaning. The incidence of adverse events, average foot washing time, total foot washing time, the subjective comfort and satisfaction of the patients and the satisfaction of the operator were observed.Results:The incidence of adverse events during foot cleaning in the experimental group was 2.00%(28/1 400) lower than 4.36%(61/1 400) in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=11.88, P<0.05). The foot washing time in the observation group [(27.77 ± 1.34) min] was longer than that in the control group [(24.63 ± 2.36) min], the difference was statistically significant ( t=9.30, P<0.05). The total foot washing time in the observation group [(27.77 ± 1.34) min] was shorter than that in the control group [(49.26 ± 4.71)min], the difference was statistically significant ( t=42.51, P<0.05). The subjective comfort of foot cleaning, the satisfaction of foot cleaning of patients and the satisfaction of foot cleaning operators in the experimental group were 91.00 (91/100) , 97.00% (97/100) , 91.67% (55/60) , while the control group were 75.00% (75/100) 、85.00% (85/100) , 75.00% (45/60) , and the differences between the two groups were statistically significant ( Z=-3.04, -4.82, -2.71, all P<0.05). Conclusions:The self made foot cleaning device for bedridden patients in this study can be used in ICU patients. It can effectively reduce the incidence of adverse events in the process of foot washing and shorten the time of foot washing. It can also improve the comfort and satisfaction of patients, and improve the satisfaction of operators.
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No Brasil, o setor hospitalar vem utilizando de forma progressiva a terceirização dos seus serviços, ou seja, a contratação de agentes terceiros para suprir a sua força de trabalho, visando redução de custos e melhora da competitividade no mercado. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a autoestima de trabalhadores terceirizados de serviços de higiene e limpeza em instituições hospitalares privadas. Trata-se de pesquisa do tipo exploratória, descritiva, de abordagem qualitativa dos dados, tendo como cenário duas instituições hospitalares privadas que possuem serviços de conservação de limpeza e higiene de uma cidade no interior de Minas Gerais, classificadas como pertencentes ao grupo III segundo a Portaria nº. 82/2014 do Ministério da Saúde. Os participantes foram trabalhadores terceirizados dos serviços de higiene e limpeza que atuam nas instituições hospitalares selecionadas. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados dois roteiros: questionário de identificação de dados sociodemográficos elaborado pela pesquisadora, apresentando tempo de preenchimento de no máximo cinco minutos; entrevista semiestruturada individual com questões sobre a sua autoestima, com duração aproximada de 20 a 30 minutos. As entrevistas ocorreram em local arejado, limpo e seco; foram gravadas, posteriormente transcritas e feita análise temática indutiva dos dados. Em virtude da Pandemia COVID19, a pesquisadora realizou a coleta de dados individualmente, seguindo protocolo das instituições. A amostra do estudo constitui-se de 15 trabalhadores. Observou-se a prevalência do sexo feminino e a idade média foi de 41 anos, variando entre 24 e 60 anos de idade. Quanto à escolaridade, duas pessoas (13,3%) dos trabalhadores afirmaram ter ensino fundamental completo, sete pessoas (46,7%) têm ensino fundamental incompleto. Quanto ao tempo de serviço, foi constatado que seis trabalhadores (40%) atuam há mais de cinco anos na função, o que evidencia uma população experiente. No que se refere ao tempo de atuação no local de trabalho, três (20%) trabalhadores tem menos de um ano e nove (60%), está entre um a cinco anos no trabalho, demonstrando elevado índice de rotatividade no serviço. A análise dos dados permitiu identificar aspectos positivos do trabalho relacionados a autoestima como satisfação pessoal e profissional, horários flexíveis, benefícios, ambiente de trabalho e relacionamento com colegas e chefia. Os dados também revelaram aspectos limitantes podendo afetar de forma negativa a autoestima do trabalhador e levando a insatisfação, tais como o acúmulo de funções assistenciais pelo número reduzido de trabalhadores. A pesquisa auxilia para o avanço da ciência e conhecimento, uma vez que agrega aspectos relacionados a autoestima de trabalhadores terceirizados de serviços de higiene e limpeza em instituições hospitalares privadas. O estudo contribui para provocar a reflexão de gestores do serviço de limpeza de hospitais quanto à importância de garantir condições que favoreçam a diminuição da exposição dos trabalhadores às cargas de trabalho referentes a mudanças que aconteçam, internas e externas, bem como promover ações educativas e coletivas relacionadas à adequação do ambiente laboral e das práticas de trabalho realizadas neste contexto
In Brazil, the hospital sector has been progressively using the outsourcing of its services, i.e., hiring third-party agents to supply its workforce, aiming to reduce costs and improve market competitiveness. This study aims to analyze the self-esteem of outsourced workers of hygiene and cleaning services in private hospital institutions. This is descriptive exploratory research with a qualitative approach to data, having as scenario two private hospital institutions that have cleaning and hygiene conservation services of a city in the interior of Minas Gerais, classified as belonging to group III according to Ordinance No. 82/2014 of the Ministry of Health. Participants were outsourced workers of hygiene and cleaning services who work in the selected hospital institutions. For data collection, two scripts were used: a questionnaire to identify social demographic data prepared by the researcher, with a maximum of five minutes to be filled out; and an individual semi-structured interview with questions about self-esteem, lasting approximately 20 to 30 minutes. The interviews took place in a ventilated, clean, and dry place; they were recorded, later transcribed, and an inductive thematic analysis was made of the data. Because of the COVID19 pandemic, the researcher collected the data individually, following the protocol of the institutions. The study sample consisted of fifteen workers from the hygiene and cleaning service of the selected hospital institutions. It was observed the prevalence of the female gender and the average age was 41, ranging from 24 to 60 years old. As for education, 02 people (13.3%) of workers said they had completed elementary school and 07 people (46.7%) had incomplete elementary school. As for the length of service, it was found that six workers (40%) have been working for more than five years, which shows an experienced population. With regard to working time in the workplace, three (20%) workers have less than one year and nine (60%) have been working for one to five years, demonstrating a high rate of turnover in the service. Data analysis allowed us to identify positive aspects of work related to self-esteem such as personal and professional satisfaction, flexible hours, benefits, work environment and relationship with colleagues and management.The data also revealed limiting aspects that can negatively affect the worker's self-esteem and lead to dissatisfaction, such as the accumulation of care functions by the reduced number of workers.The research helps to advance science and knowledge, as it adds aspects related to the self-esteem of outsourced workers in hygiene and cleaning services in private hospitals. The study contributes to provoking the reflection of hospital cleaning service managers regarding the importance of ensuring conditions that favor the reduction of workers' exposure to workloads related to changes that happen, internal and external, as well as promoting educational and collective actions. related to the adequacy of the work environment and work practices carried out in this context
Subject(s)
Humans , Self Concept , Occupational Health , Outsourced Services , Housekeeping, HospitalABSTRACT
Biosecurity, cleaning and disinfection of swine and poultry facilities are fundamental for the reduction of pathogenic microorganisms of importance for public and animal health. The objective of this work was to compare the levels of active ingredient described on the label and the real levels detected in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of two disinfectants., then evaluate the antimicrobial activity since, following the Germicidal Sanitizing Action and Disinfectant Detergent (Official Method AOAC 960.09) in four different dilutions with the presence of 3% organic matter during 15 min of contact, against Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Typhimurium (ST). The product "A" presents active levels of agreement according to the label. The content of quantified assets for product "B" was lower than that recorded on the label. The disinfectant "A" was effective in microbiological evaluation while the disinfectant "B" had microbiocidal activity compromised by the deficit of assets.