Relationship of obesity with clinical and laboratory changes in female dogs with mammary neoplasia / Relação da obesidade com alterações clínicas e laboratoriais em cadelas com neoplasia mamária

Obesity may be associated with the onset of mammary tumors in women. In companion animals, these data are still scarce, mainly associating the clinic of the patient with laboratory and histological findings. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and laboratory aspects of female dogs with mammary neoplasia, investigating whether they are related to obesity. Four groups of spayed or non-spayed female dogs were studied, divided into (G1) female dogs without mammary tumor and normal body condition score (BCS), (G2) female dogs without mammary tumor and obese, (G3) female dogs with mammary tumor and normal BCS and (G4) female dogs with mammary tumor and obese. BCS, canine body mass index (CBMI), blood count, glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and cytopathological and histopathological examinations were evaluated. Mixed-breed animals were the most prevalent in this study (67.5%). There was a limitation regarding the use of CBMI related to body proportionality. Considering the 28 tumors evaluated, carcinoma in mixed tumor was the most prevalent malignant histological type, while adenomyoepithelioma was the most prevalent benign histological type. It was possible to conclude that obesity was not related to clinical and laboratory changes in the female dogs affected with mammary neoplasias. In addition, no relationship was noted between BCS and CBMI with the histological type or malignancy of mammary neoplasia, since the malignant histological types were the most prevalent tumors in both the ideal score group and the overweight to obese group.(AU)

A obesidade pode estar associada ao aparecimento de tumores mamários em mulheres. Em animais de companhia, esse dado ainda é escasso, principalmente associando a clínica da paciente aos achados laboratoriais e histológicos. Este estudo objetivou avaliar os aspectos clínicos e laboratoriais de cadelas com neoplasia mamária, investigando se estão relacionadas à obesidade. Foram estudados quatro grupos de cadelas castradas ou não castradas, divididas em (G1) cadelas sem tumor de mama e Escore de Condição Corporal normal (BCS), (G2) cadelas sem tumor de mama e obesa, (G3) cadelas com tumor de mama e ECC normal e (G4) cadelas com tumor de mama e obesa. Foram avaliados o Escore de Condição Corporal (ECC), Índice de Massa Corporal Canina (IMC), hemograma, glicose, colesterol total, triglicerídeos e exames citopatológicos e histopatológicos. Os animais de raça mista foram os mais prevalentes neste estudo (67,5%). Houve uma limitação quanto ao uso do IMC relacionado à proporcionalidade corporal. Considerando os 28 tumores avaliados, o carcinoma em tumor misto foi o tipo histológico maligno mais prevalente, enquanto o adenomioepitelioma foi o tipo histológico benigno mais prevalente. Foi possível concluir que a obesidade não esteve relacionada a alterações clínicas e laboratoriais nas cadelas acometidas por neoplasias mamárias. Além disso, não foi observada relação entre BCS e CBMI com o tipo histológico ou malignidade das neoplasias mamárias, uma vez que os tipos histológicos malignos foram os tumores mais prevalentes no grupo escore ideal e no grupo com sobrepeso e obesidade.(AU)

Propuestas para el estudio del pensar del analista de pacientes púberes / Proposals for the study of the thinking process of the psychoanalyst of pubertal patients

El trabajo aborda el pensar del terapeuta desde un punto de vista de Freud quien define pensamiento como desplazamiento de energía en camino a la acción. Describimos los instrumentos clásicos para el estudio del pensar del analista en sesión y aportamos algunos instrumentos novedosos que detectan el hacer y el decir del terapeuta y su contribución a la alianza terapéutica y el cambio clínico del paciente púber. Establecemos algunas relaciones entre los instrumentos clásicos y los nuevos que presentamos en este trabajo. (AU)

The work deals with the thinking process of the analyst of pubertal patients from the Freudian point of view, which defines thought as the displacement of energy on its way to action. We describe the classical instruments for the study of the thinking process of the analyst in session and provide some novel instruments that detect the therapist's doing and saying and his contribution to the therapeutic alliance and the clinical change of the pubertal patient. We establish some relationships between the classical instruments and the new ones that we present in this work. (AU)

Las verbalizaciones tipo regla del terapeuta a lo largo del proceso clínico / The Therapist's rule-like Verbalizations throughout the Clinical Process

RESUMEN Se ha reconocido la importancia de las reglas del cliente para explicar un problema psicológico y para lograr superarlo. Sin embargo, no se ha incidido en el papel que podrían tener las reglas del terapeuta en el proceso clínico. Como un primer paso para poder dar una respuesta al respecto, en este estudio realizamos un análisis morfológico de las verbalizaciones en forma de regla emitidas por el terapeuta a lo largo del proceso clínico con el fin de identificar un patrón de emisión de este tipo de verbalizaciones que cambie de acuerdo con los distintos momentos de la terapia. Se analizaron las verbalizaciones en forma de regla emitidas por 9 terapeutas a lo largo de 19 casos clínicos (92 sesiones). Las verbalizaciones se codificaron de acuerdo con un Sistema de Categorización de las Reglas del Terapeuta (SISC-REGLAS-T). Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre el tipo de verbalizaciones en forma de regla y el objetivo que el terapeuta persigue alcanzar en los distintos momentos de la terapia. Estos resultados pueden ayudar a comprender cómo el terapeuta utiliza las verbalizaciones en forma de reglas, lo que contribuye al esclarecimiento del papel de las reglas que emite el terapeuta para conseguir el cambio clínico.

ABSTRACT It has been pointed out the importance of the rules to explain and to treat psychological problems. However it hasn't emphasize the role that the therapist's rules could have in clinical process. As a first step to give an answer, we realize a morphological analysis of verbalization- like-rule emitted by the therapist throughout the clinical process with the aim to identify a patron of emission of this kind of verbalization that changes according to different moments of therapy. This study analyzed the verbalization-like-rules emitted by 9 therapists over 19 clinical cases (92 sessions). The verbalizations were coded according to a system of categorization of the Rules Therapist (SISC-RULES-T). The results showed differences between the type of verbalizations-like-rules and target the therapist aims to achieve at different times of therapy. These results may help to understand how the therapist uses this kind of verbalizations, helping to clarify the functional role of rules issued by the therapist for clinical change.

Quando o responder antigo torna-se um comportamento novo: descrição de um processo de mudança clínica / When the old responding turns into a new behavior: describing a clinical change process

Supondo que a mudança clínica está estreitamente relacionada ao tipo de classe que é enfraquecida ou fortalecida, conforme a sistematização feita pela Psicoterapia AnalíticaFuncional (FAP), recorreram-se aos conceitos de Modelagem, Diferenciação e Indução para analisar e discutir um processo de mudança comportamental na clínica. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever um processo de mudança clínica em que a classe de resposta considerada problema transforma-se em uma classe de resposta relacionada à melhora. O método consistiu em analisar 15 sessões iniciais realizadas com uma cliente atendida em uma clínica-escola pública. Os resultados expõem quatro dimensões identificadas, as quais foram sendo diferenciadas ao longo do processo terapêutico. Discutiu-se o processo de mudança clínica, considerando dimensões do responder que sofreram diferenciaçãodo longo da terapia.

The main assumption of this study was that clinical change is related to a response class that lacks strength while another gains it, according to the Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP). The concepts of Modeling, Differentiation and Induction were used to analyse and to discuss a clinical change process. The aim of this study was to describe a clinical change process in which theso-called problematic response turns into a type of response related to improvement. Clinical relevant behaviors (CRB) were registered in protocols, filed in during each session by the therapist and by a trained observer. Then, CRB was examined in order to identify the dimensions that were being selected within sessions until a new operant class had been installed. The results show four dimensions that were being differentiated during the therapy. The clinical change processwas discussed, considering the dimensions of response that suffered differentiation and the relevance of the client/therapist relationship in such change.

Función del diccionario computarizado del ADL en el estudio del cambio clínico en prepúberes / The use of the DLA computerized dictionary for the study of change in pre-pubers

Este trabajo forma parte de una investigación de caso único acerca de cambio clínico en niños y pre púberes. El foco de nuestro estudio es el vínculo en sesión.El diccionario del ADL desde el punto de vista clínico sirve para detectar con fineza los cambios en una sesión o varias de ellas. Puede servir para contrastar sus resultados con el análisis de los relatos o el de las frases y generar rectificaciones. También sirve para detectar problemas de figurabilidad de algún erotismo, lo que nos permite anticipar ciertas escenas relatadas o desplegadas en sesión.En esta ocasión intentaré exponer los resultados de la combinación de dos herramientas del ADL, el análisis de las frases y el de las palabras. La aplicación del diccionario del ADL al material clínico de un paciente que transcurre entre la prepubertad y el despuntar de la adolescencia temprana, me suscitó las siguientes preguntas: ¿Contribuye a describir metapsicológicamente el cambio clínico? ¿Aporta a detectar el proceso de la figurabilidad psíquica de la pulsión en sesión? ¿Sirve a los fines de plantear preguntas respecto de las defensas?El paciente es Juan a quien atendí entre los 8 y los 12 años. Sus padres adoptivos consultaron por problemas en el ámbito escolar: la dificultad para concentrarse y aprender. Asimismo, dentro o fuera del colegio, ante las frustraciones, tendía a desbordarse y estallaba en gritos o golpes. El primer fragmento ocurrió a cinco meses de iniciado el trabajo, sesión previa a la vacación invernal. El segundo y el tercero corresponden al último año de tratamiento. El segundo, al comienzo de ese ciclo y el tercero a poco tiempo del cierre.

This study is part of a single case study regarding clinical change in adolescentand pre-adolescent children. The focus of the study is the in-session relationship. The instrument is the DLA which is devised to study discourse from a Freudian psychoanalytical perspective. It detects drives and defenses. It contains an inventoryof seven drives and five structuring defenses (plus other complementary ones). The instruments to detect the drives are based on the assumption that the latter are expressed in scenes that can be narrated or deployed when speaking, in a relationship with the analyst. The narrations (extra-transferential scenes) are investigated with the narration grid. For the deployed scenes in session, an act of speech grid, a para-verbal grid and a motor act grid allow to explore analytical exchange. The DLA dictionary is a psychoanalytic semantic categorization of words. Freudtaught how to detect the erogenous value of words (e.g.: “fire”, “bite”, “thrash” have precise erogenous significance). It consists of seven files, one per drive. Many words may integrate more than one file. Each term may be included in up to three files.Narrative sequences are the basis for the creation of the dictionary, which means that the construction mode is deductive. For example: Intrasomatic drive language emphasizes inherent economic toll or organic intrusion scenes. Consequently references to accounts or references to body states contribute to the location of wordssuch as “gain” “revenue”, “cough”, “guts” in the corresponding file.The number of words in each file is not consistent; this was resolved applyingdifferential values. Values inversely proportional to the amount of terms for each file. From the clinical point of view the dictionary is useful to detect, in a refined way, changes during a session or in many of them. It can be useful to contrast its results with those of the analysis of the narrations or speech acts and generate rectifications...

Clinical Change of Mycoplasma Pneumonia

PURPOSE: It was noted some changes of clinical manifestations of mycoplasma pneumonia. we reviewed and compared these changes and saught any clues causes for proper dignosis and treatment. METHODS: We divided patients with mycoplasma pneumonia into two groups, Group 1 (from Jan. to Dec. 1996) and Group 2 (from Jan. to Dec. 1994), and analyzed clinical, radiologic, and serologic differences. RESULTS: Mean age of onset lowered markedly from was 8.34 +/- 2.56 years to 6.91 +/- 3.28 years (P1 : 1280) were more frequently observed in group 1 and correlated with severity of clinical manifestations. In radiologic findings, alveolar consolidation were significantly prominent findings in Group (P or = 3 days) in spite of medication were more prevalent in Group 1 (P<0.05), suggesting increased cases of diminished responsiveness to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Recently, there was some clinical changes of mycoplasma pneumonia, lowering of onset age, severe clinical symptoms, and more decreased responsiveness to antibiotic treatment. We suggest that it is to neccessary to make some efforts to prevent antibiotics abuse and to decrease the occurrence of resistant strains by introducing of new method for early diagnosis, selective identification of micro-organism and minute sensitivity test for antibiotics.