ABSTRACT
El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar los efectos de la técnica reestructuración cognitiva sobre las distorsiones cognitivas en los adolescentes frente al duelo por el fallecimiento de sus padres. Se realizó una investigación de tipo descriptiva, con diseño cuasiexperimental, de corte transversal, dirigida a una muestra intencional conformada por 10 estudiantes de bachillerato de instituciones públicas y privadas quienes perdieron a alguno de sus padres. Se diseñó un instrumento de preguntas cerradas con una confiabilidad de 0,94. El instrumento se aplicó a los adolescentes antes y después del abordaje con la técnica de reestructuración cognitiva para así explorar la valoración cognitiva elaborada en su respectivo proceso de duelo. Entre los resultados obtenidos se aprecia que 35% evidencian distorsiones cognitivas antes del estudio (razonamiento emocional, sobregeneralización, pensamiento dicotómico y personalización) mientras que después del abordaje sólo en 25% persistieron estas distorsiones. En cuanto a la dimensión estímulos, el 63% se afectaban por las conversaciones sobre sus padres fallecidos y sólo 25% lo hacían después del abordaje. Tristeza e ira fue detectada en 63% de los adolescentes previo abordaje y luego sólo en 48% de ellos. El análisis de los datos reveló la efectividad de la técnica en estudio para modificar las distorsiones cognitivas en este grupo de adolescentes(AU)
The goal of this study is to evaluate the effects of cognitive restructuring on cognitive distortions in adolescents in grief over their parent's death. A descriptive, cross-sectional, with quasi-experimental design was performed on 10 high school students of public and private institutions who lost one or both parents. An instrument of closed questions was designed with a reliability of 0.94. The results show that 35% of adolescents had cognitive distortions before the study (emotional reasoning, overgeneralization, dichotomous thinking and personalization); after therapy 25% persisted with these distortions. Regarding the dimension stimuli, 63% were affected by conversations about their deceased parents; after therapy, only 25% were still affected. Sadness and anger was detected in 63% of adolescents; after the application of the technique, these emotional expressions presented only in 48% of participants. The analysis of the data revealed the effectiveness of this technique to modify cognitive distortions in this group of adolescents(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adolescent , Death , Psychological Distress , Grief , Affect , SadnessABSTRACT
La inactividad física y el sedentarismo son en la actualidad un problema de salud global que preocupa por su crecimiento sistemático. Provoca consecuencias sanita-rias en los adultos y, con un incremento alarmante, en la población más joven. Por el contrario, la realización periódica de actividad física ha demostrado beneficios a la salud física, neurológica y mental. A pesar de los incontrovertibles datos sobre sus efectos positivos, menos de la mitad de la población mundial se ejercita regularmen-te. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una breve descripción sobre los mecanismos neurocognitivos que se encuentran implicados en los procesos de motivación, en es-pecial los que se vinculan a la actividad física, con la finalidad de presentar una serie de recomendaciones pragmáticas para aumentar la adherencia a programas de en-trenamiento físico, basados en técnicas de la psicología cognitiva y analizados desde la perspectiva neurocognitiva.
Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle are currently a global health problem that concerns because of its systematic growth, the health consequences it causes for adults and, in alarming escalation, also for the younger population. On the contrary, regu-lar physical activity has shown benefits to physical, neurological and mental health. Despite the incontrovertible information about its positive effects, less than half of the world's population excercises regularly. This work's objective is to make a brief description of the neurocognitive mechanisms that are involved in the motivational processes, especially those linked to physical activity, in order to present pragmatic recommendations that increase adherence to physical training programs, based on techniques of cognitive psychology and analyzed from a neurocognitive perspective.
Subject(s)
Humans , Exercise/physiology , Cerebrum/physiology , Cognitive Psychology , Motivation , Exercise , Health , Cognition , Sedentary Behavior , NeuropsychologyABSTRACT
@#Introduction: Psychological consequences of traumatic events are often overlooked by both medical professionals and patients themselves. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most serious condition in the spectrum of trauma- and stressor-related disorders. Left untreated, it may result in physical and mental illnesses as well as social and occupational dysfunction. In the Malaysian Muslim population, stigma against mental illnesses frequently deter individuals suffering from psychological trauma from presenting to mental health services. These people prefer the use of spiritual and religious healing approaches to manage their post-traumatic stress symptoms. The objective of this study was to describe the Islamic cognitive restructuring techniques employed by motor vehicle accident victims for post-traumatic stress. Methods: An exploratory qualitative study involving 9 Muslim motor vehicle accidents victims was conducted from May to September 2015. Subjects were interviewed in-depth using semi-structured interview schedules. These interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed with the aid of Atlas.ti software. Results: Psychological intervention such as cognitive restructuring is an effective technique to overcome post-traumatic stress. In this study, our subjects employ cognitive restructuring techniques with predominantly Islamic content. Almost half of the subjects believe that God will not create hardship but some good will come out of it. Other subjects approach cognitive restructuring by being thankful for the small tests of hardships and compared their situation with others of worse fate. Conclusion: Islamic cognitive restructuring is a useful technique to manage posttraumatic stress symptoms. Further research is needed to determine the effectiveness of this approach.
ABSTRACT
Según la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Nutricional, publicada en el 2006, y la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en México el 70% de la población padece sobrepeso u obesidad. Según Barquera, al ser un problema de salud pública, la intervención desde diversos ámbitos es indispensable. En este trabajo se utilizó el modelo teórico denominado Esquemas Tempranos Desadaptativos (ETD) de Young, el cual explica que dichos esquemas distorsionan el procesamiento de la información del sujeto y, por lo tanto, son disfuncionales. El objetivo fue identificar y evaluar si hay cambios en los ETD de mujeres obesas después de un tratamiento cognitivo conductual grupal de 14 sesiones, con una n = 22. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en la evaluación pre-post en los esquemas privación emocional, inestabilidad emocional, autosacrificio, abandono y fracaso, así como en el Índice de Masa Corporal (imc) y el peso corporal.
According to the National Health and Nutrition Poll and the WHO (World Health Organization) in Mexico the 70% of the population suffers overweight or obesity. According to Barquera, as a public health problem, the intervention from diverse fields becomes essential. In this work, the theoretical model called Early Maladaptative Schemas by Young is used to explain that such schemas distort the information process of a subject and therefore are dysfunctional. The study purpose was to identify and evaluate possible changes on the Early Maladaptative Schemas of obese women, after a 14-sessions cognitive-behavioral group treatment, with n= 22. The findings showed a significant diminution in the schemas of emotional deprivation, emotional unstability, self sacrifice, abandonment and failure, as well as in the Body Mass Index and weight.