Contrast Sensitivity and Color Vision Comparison Between Clear and Yellow-Tinted Intraocular Lens in Diabetic Retinopathy

PURPOSE: To compare contrast sensitivity and color vision after implantation of a clear intraocular lens (IOL) and a yellow-tinted IOL in diabetic retinopathy patients. METHODS: In the 50 eyes of 25 diabetic patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy, clear IOLs were implanted in 25 eyes, and yellow-tinted IOLs were implanted in 25 fellow eyes. Three months after the surgery, contrast sensitivity function was measured with a vision contrast test system, and color discrimination was tested using the Farnsworth Munsell 100-hue test. RESULTS: Eyes implanted with yellow-tinted IOLs had significant differences in contrast sensitivity values compared to those of fellow eyes implanted with clear IOLs in both the moderate diabetic retinopathy group (6.0 cycles per degree) and the severe diabetic retinopathy group (throughout all spatial frequencies except 12.0 cycles per degree). The yellow-tinted IOL did not modify chromatic discrimination compared with that of the clear IOL. In the blue-yellow axis error score, however, there were significant differences between the clear IOL and the yellow-tinted IOL. CONCLUSIONS: With progressing diabetic retinopathy, the yellow-tinted IOL provided better contrast sensitivity than the clear IOL. The yellow-tinted IOL improved color vision in the blue-yellow chromatic axis without causing chromatic discrimination defects.

Assessment of Acquired Color Vision Impairment in Inhalant Abusers / 대한산업의학회지

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted in order to evaluate the effects of inhalants on color vision impairment. METHODS: The inhalation group consisted of 81 neurotoxic chemical substance abusers at Bugok National Hospital and Institute of Forensic Psychiatry, Ministry of Justice. The control group consisted of 41 employees of Bugok National Hospital. The Lanthony D-15 desaturated hue test was administered to both groups. For the qualitative analysis, we classified the results by the morphological characteristics of color vision impairment. For the quantitative analysis, we calculated the total color distance score (TCDS) and the color confusion index (CCI) and determined that the individual was abnormal if the TCDS was over 65.0 or the CCI was over 1.25. RESULTS: The TCDS of the inhalation group was 75.58+/-21.07 and the CCI was 1.34+/-0.37 in the right eye, and 75.47+/-23.63 and 1.34+/-0.42, respectively in the left eye. These results are higher than those found for the control group. In regards to the TCDS, 50 (61.8%) of the abusers in the inhalation group had color vision impairment in the right eye and 48 (59.2%) had impairment in the left eye. 11 (26.8%) of the employees in the control group had color vision impairment in the right eye and 13 (31.7%) had impairment in the left eye. In regards to the CCI, 38 (46.9%) of the abusers in the inhalation group had color vision impairment in the right eye and 35 (43.2%) had impairment in the left eye. 4 (9.8%) of the employees in the control group had color vision impairment in the right eye and 7 (17.0%) had impairment in the left eye. The results of multiple logistic regression analysis for acquired color vision impairment showed that the inhalation period (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.03~1.40) was the significant variable. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the inhalation of neurotoxic substances may impair the color vision, and the period inhaled with neurotoxic substances is significant variable affecting on the acquired color vision impairment.

Color blindness: forensic perspective.

Color vision deficiency is a condition in which certain colors can not be distinguished, and is most commonly due to an inherited condition. Being color blind does keep one from performing certain jobs and makes other difficult. Compared to persons with normal color vision, they have some trouble differentiating between certain colors, but the severity of the color deficiency is variable. Color blindness is normally diagnosed through clinical testing- Ishihara color test is one of the most common tests used. It is mainly useful for quick screening. From a practical stand point though, many protanomalous and deteranomalous people breeze through life with very little difficulty doing tasks that require normal color vision but in some professions a normal color vision is a necessary requisite. This article focuses on the forensic perspective of abnormal color vision and future research and guidelines for assessing an individual for colour vision.

Comparision of Results of Electroretinogram, Fluorescein Angiogram and Color Vision Tests in Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

PURPOSE: This paper investigates the correlation of the electroretinogram (ERG) with fluorescein angiography (FAG) and the color vision test among those who have acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR). METHODS: The study was performed with 30 patients who had one CSCR-affected eye but the other unaffected. RESULTS: ERG showed that the b-wave amplitudes in the affected eyes decreased significantly compared to those in the unaffected eyes (P<0.05) and that there were no significant changes in a-wave or implicit time. FAG revealed that the b-wave amplitude decreased significantly when the leaking point was within a distance of 1/4 disk diameter from the fovea center, compared to when it was more distant (P<0.05). The amplitude also reduced significantly when the size of retinal detachment was more than 1 disk diameter compared to when it was less (P<0.05). The affected eyes which showed abnormality in color vision test decreased significantly a- and b-waves compared to the unaffected eyes in the test (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In acute CSCR patients, the correlation of ERG with FAG showing size of retinal detachment, the location of leaking point and the color vision test was statistically significant. Therefore, ERG could be used to assess the affecting degree of the disease.

Shift of Colorimetric Values in Ishihara Pseudoisochromatic Plates with Plate Aging

PURPOSE: This study aimed to quantify the shift of colorimetric values in the Ishihara pseudoisochromatic test with aging of the plates. METHODS: Three sets of Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plates with different published dates (printed in 1971, 1983 and 2001) were tested. Positions matching 32 dots with 13 colors were chosen from each set and the colorimetric values with the CIELAB and HSB/HLS color systems were measured with a spectrophotometer. Lightness (L*), red-green (a*), blue-yellow (b*), chroma, red hue, yellow hue, and green hue values from each set were compared. RESULTS: L* and chroma values were significantly higher in the older versions. The a* values shifted to red (increased a*) and the b* values shifted to yellow (increased b*) with plate aging. CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the pseudoisochromatic plates had significant changes in color values and a directional shift with aging.

The Color Vision Test in Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

PURPOSE: To evaluate the usefullness of color vision test for early detection of abnormal choroidal circulation of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) METHODS: We investigated the color vision defect in central serous chorioreinopathy at active and resolved phase on both eyes and to identify the relation between fluorescein angiography (FAG), indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) finding and color vision defect. We examined the color vision with the Neitz anomaloscope OT-II, Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test, Ishihara pseudoisochromatic plate in 72 eyes of typical acute CSCR patients. We also performed ICGA in 13 eyes revealed color vision defect in fellow eye and 13 eyes not revealed color vision defect in fellow eye at resolved phase. RESULTS: Dyschromatopsia was detected in CSCR at active and resolved phase on both eyes. Most of them showed blue-yellow color defect. Location of leaking point was associated with red-green color defect in active affected eyes. Dyschromatopsia of fellow eyes at resolved phase was associated with abnormal choroidal circulation on ICGA finding. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that color vision test, as a non-invasive screening test, might be useful for early detection of abnormal choroidal circulation of CSCR.

Seohan Computerized Hue Test 1: The Development of Computerized Color Vision Test and Pilot Study

Several tests have been used for assessing color vision but most of them are nonspecific, expensive, complicated or too time consuming to perform. We have developed a new computerized color vision test named Seohan computerized 85-hue test[SCHT/85]that has many advantages compared to Farnsworth Munsell[FM]100-hue test.SCHT/85 has 85 color caps which can be displayed based on a model of FM 100-hue test using Multimedia toolbook 4.0.Selected color caps in the lower random area can be moved and inserted to the upper result area by a mouse.At the end of the test, error scores and ring graph can be displayed in monitor and can be also printed out. Total 15 subjects performed with SCHT/85 and FM 100-hue test twice who have been showed 10 normal and 5 abnormal color vision reported with other color vision tests and the results of two tests were analysed to compare the total error scores[TES]and reproducibility. All ten normal subjects showed lower TES in SCHT/85 than FM 100-hue test and the mean TES were 31.5 and 43.6 with SCHT/85 and FM 100-hue test.The coefficients of variation [CV]were 4.3%and 22.7%with SCHT/85 and FM 100-hue test.The two tests were highly correlated[r=0.92].Five abnormal subjects showed higher TES in SCHT/85 than FM 100-hue test and the mean TES were 169.8 and 157.3 with SCHT/85 and FM 100-hue test.The coefficients of variation were 9.1%and 21.2%with SCHT/85 and FM 100-hue test.These two tests were also highly correlated[r=0.965]. In conclusion, SCHT/85 which was newly developed by authors is a highly useful test for color vision.