ABSTRACT
A inclusão escolar tem demandado novas formas de avaliar os processos de aprendizagem de crianças com necessidades educativas especiais ou dificuldades de aprendizagem (DA). As contribuições da avaliação assistida para essa área foram apresentadas neste trabalho que reuniu dados de dois estudos feitos com crianças de 8 a 12 anos de idade, sendo 7 com déficits (leve a severo) nas habilidades de linguagem e comunicação, usando-se o Childrens Analogical ThinkingModifiability Test (CATM) adaptado, antes e após intervenção com Sistema Computadorizado de Comunicação Alternativa e Ampliada (CAA), e 34 alunos com DA, pelo Jogo de Perguntas de Busca com Figuras Diversas (PBFD), antes e após programa de promoção da criatividade. Também foram aplicadas provas cognitivas psicométricas, observando-se baixo desempenho. Contudo, todas as crianças apresentaram ganhos entre o pré e pós-teste. Os dados mostram que a modalidade assistida de avaliação é prescritiva e sensível para avaliar os efeitos de programas para essa população.
Dynamic assessment in children with communication problems and learning disabilities in intervention contextThe school inclusion has required new ways of evaluating the learning processes of children with special educational needs or learning disabilities (LD). The contributions of dynamic assessment for this area were presented in this study that gathered data from two studies with children 8-12 years of age, 7 with deficits (mild to severe) in the skills of language and communication, using the Childrens Analogical Thinking Modifiability Test (CATM) adapted, before and after intervention with computerized system of Alternative and Augmentative Communication (AAC), and 34 students with LD, by the Constraint-Seeking Questions Game with Several Figures (CSQ-SF) before and after program to promote creativity. Also cognitive psychometric tests were applied, observing poor performance. However, all children showed gains between pre and post-test. The data show that the dynamic assessment is prescriptive and sensitive to evaluate the effects of programs for this population.
La inclusión escolar ha requerido nuevas maneras de evaluar los procesos de aprendizaje de los niños con necesidades especiales o dificultades de aprendizaje (DA). Las contribuciones de la evaluación asistida para esta área se presentaron en este estudio que recogió datos de dos estudios con niños de 8-12 años de edad, 7 con los déficit (de leve a grave) en las habilidades de lenguaje y comunicación, usando lo Childrens Analogical Thinking Modifiability Test (CATM) adaptado, antes y después de la intervención con el sistema computadorizado de Comunicación Aumentativa y Alternativa (CAA), y 34 estudiantes con el DA, con lo Juego de Preguntas de Busca con Figuras Diversas (PBFD) antes y después del programa de promoción de la creatividad. Pruebas psicométricas también cognitivas se aplicaron, y se observó un rendimiento deficiente. Sin embargo, todos los niños mostraron beneficios entre el pre y post-test. Los datos muestran que de la evaluación asistida es prescriptiva y sensible para evaluar los efectos de los programas para esta población.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Educational Measurement/methods , Communication , Child, Exceptional/psychology , /methods , Learning Disabilities/psychology , Education of Intellectually Disabled/ethics , Language Tests , Mainstreaming, Education , Cognition Disorders/psychologyABSTRACT
As pesquisas sobre a avaliação assistida vêm delineando um campo promissor dada as suas características inovadoras que a distinguem de uma avaliação tradicional, favorecendo a população que apresenta dificuldades no processo de aprendizagem ou em situação de desvantagem social. Crianças que necessitam de recursos alternativos para a linguagem expressiva constituem um significativo grupo que pode se beneficiar de uma avaliação diferenciada. Neste estudo, participaram sete crianças com necessidades especiais em situação de avaliação assistida, utilizando o Children's Analogical Thinking Modifiability Test-CATM, acrescida da avaliação psicométrica, realizada pelos testes Raven, Columbia e Peabody, estes últimos em versão computadorizada, antes e após intervenção com sistema de Comunicação Alternativa e Ampliada-CAA. Além dos processos de pensamento, foram considerados aspectos não estritamente cognitivos, mas de grande importância: reação da criança ao contexto de avaliação e ao tipo de tarefa, variáveis pessoais e situacionais como motivação e fadiga, além da acessibilidade à mediação. Tais variáveis foram sistematizadas em categorias cognitivas, comportamentais e afetivo-motivacionais nos contextos de ensino e intervenção, compondo um mosaico de indicadores sobre o perfil da amostra nas diferentes etapas do estudo. Apesar da situação de avaliação - tradicional e assistida - ter se configurado como cansativa, foi possível identificar as operações e disfunções cognitivas nas provas tradicionais e assistida e na intervenção, além de fatores não-intelectuais que afetaram o desempenho, delineando um perfil intragrupo de aprendizagem na resolução de problemas. A avaliação assistida é reconhecidamente uma relevante ferramenta de diagnóstico psicológico, complementar à abordagem psicométrica tradicional, para crianças com déficits comunicativos.
Research on dynamic assessment points to a promising field where its innovative features differ from traditional assessment by favoring the population that presents challenges in the learning processes or who present socially disadvantaged conditions. Children who need alternative resources for expressive language constitute a significant group that can be benefited from assessment tailored to their needs. In this study, seven children with special needs (communication problems) took part in a dynamic assessment situation using Tzuriel and Klein's Children's Analogical Thinking Modifiability Test (CATM), in order to complete the psychometric assessment carried out by Raven, Columbia and TVIP tests. The latter was a computerized version, applied before and after intervention with an Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) system. Besides the thought processes, other not specifically cognitive aspects of great importance were considered: the child's reaction to the assessment situation and the kind of task put before, personal and situational variables such as motivation and fatigue, as well as accessibility to the mediation strategies. Such variables were systematized in cognitive, behavioral and affective-motivational categories in the teaching and intervention contexts compounding a mosaic of indicators about the characteristics of children with communicative deficits at different stages of the study. Even though the assessment conditions - traditional and dynamic - were tiring for the children, we were able to identify the operations and cognitive dysfunctions both in the traditional tests and in the dynamic testing, as well as in the intervention. Furthermore, affective-motivational and behavioral factors were shown to affect performance, composing an intra-group learning profile for problem solving. Thus, the study demonstrated that dynamic assessment can be an important tool for psychological diagnosis, complementing traditional...
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study is to assess the problems encountered in the management of Medical Journal of Indonesia and whether any progress has been achieved during the past 7 years. A retrospective descriptive study was done in the MJI. Available data used as parameters were: number of articles submitted and author's home institution, number of articles submitted and rejected, cause/criteria of rejection, qualification of reviewers and editors, duration of manuscript processing, and whether pre-scheduled time is met in the Med J Indones. For this purpose, all manuscripts from January 1995- January 2001 were evaluated. In addition, recent problems encountered were noted. Problems encountered were limited supply of manuscript that might be due to language barrier, decrease in circulation due to limited budget, communication problems due to seniority, and increase in average processing time that might be due to restriction in the time allocated for MJI Number of articles submitted by authors originating from national versus foreign institutions in 1995-1997 was 101 versus 16, and in 1998 - 2000 were 124 versus 84. Articles rejected were ±26.4 % (1999-2001) and the most frequent causes of rejection were insignificancy of substance and improper data analysis. As for the qualification of editors there was an increase in the number of PhDs and professors. Average processing time is approximately 1.5 times the scheduled time. It seems that the 4 main problems encounteredwere (l.l Language barrier, (2) Funding, (3) Communication problems and (4) Time management; and though not impressive, there are definitely positive changes in the number of manuscipts submitted, qualification of editors and peer reviewers. Average processirtg time is about the same, and the prescheduled time of editing is yet to be met.