Arranjos e inovações para o cuidado em saúde mental no enfrentamento da COVID-19: revisão integrativa / Mental health care measures and innovations to cope with COVID-19: an integrative review

Resumo A presente revisão integrativa tem por objetivo identificar os arranjos de cuidado em saúde mental que foram implementados no enfrentamento à pandemia de COVID-19. Realizou-se busca em três bases de dados (SciELO, PubMed e LILACS), em português, inglês e espanhol, com os descritores "SAÚDE MENTAL" or "SALUD MENTAL" or "MENTAL HEALTH" AND "COVID-19", no período de 2020 a 2021. Foram encontrados 3.451 artigos, sendo 43 selecionados para análise. Em relação ao cuidado em saúde mental, os principais arranjos identificados foram os digitais, de natureza pública, desenvolvidos na esfera municipal e com integração com a rede de saúde. Os modelos de cuidado em saúde mental para o enfrentamento da pandemia são discutidos a partir dos tipos de arranjo produzidos nesse contexto sanitário emergencial e crítico. Apresenta-se, ainda, um recorte da realidade encontrada no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), reiterando sua resiliência. Concluiu-se que os arranjos digitais foram os mais usados e que há necessidade de investigar a acessibilidade deste modelo para populações com maior vulnerabilidade social. Reafirma-se a importância do SUS para o enfrentamento da COVID-19 e no acesso a informações de saúde.

Abstract This integrative review aims to identify the mental health care measures that were produced during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research was conducted on three databases (SciELO, PubMed, and LILACS) with the following descriptors in Portuguese, English, and Spanish: "SAÚDE MENTAL" or "SALUD MENTAL" or "MENTAL HEALTH" AND "COVID-19" from 2020 to 2021. In total, 3,451 articles were found, 43 of which were analyzed. Most measures were digital, stemmed from public institutions, focused on the local perspective, and were integrated with the public health care system. This study discusses the models of care in mental health based on measures to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic. It also discusses the Brazilian health care system, reiterating its resilience. In conclusion, digital measures occurred most often. This study suggest the evaluation of the accessibility of this mental health care model for most vulnerable groups. Finally, this research reinforces the importance of the Brazilian health care system for public health and access to information to cope with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Community support as predictors of resilience among single women

Background: Single women face many problems in the patriarchal society but receive support from the community. In general, studies on community support showed that belonging to a community and actively participating in communal activities enhanced the quality of life and wellbeing of the individual involved. The present study examines whether the dimensions of community support predict psychological distress, happiness, life satisfaction, and psychological resilience among single women. Method: A sample of 300 single women (divorced, widows, and separated women) in the age group of 25 to 60 years (M = 39.82 years, SD = 7.83) were administered self-report measures of perceived community support, psychological distress, subjective happiness, life satisfaction, and psychological resilience. The dimensions of community support included in the study are community integration, community participation and community organization. Results: Multiple regressions were carried out to analyze the data. Community integration negatively predicted psychological resilience. Community participation positively predicted life satisfaction. Conclusion: These findings highlight the role of community support as resources that promote the positive adaptation of single women to the challenges of everyday life. The implications of the findings for policy, practice, and research are also discussed

Moratoria social y embarazo adolescente / Social Moratorium and Teenage Pregnancy

Resumen La infancia y la juventud se han considerado categorías emergentes del ciclo vital desde la modernidad. La adolescencia como etapa de transición entre la niñez y la adultez constituye un escenario de moratoria social que ha sido considerado como necesario para alcanzar la madurez. Este proceso ha sido definido como el camino de construcción de la identidad y la personalidad. Sin embargo, situaciones como la paternidad adolescente son hechos que ocurren con frecuencia y que tienen consecuencias en este proceso de identificación del adolescente.

Abstract Childhood and youth have been considered emerging life cycle categories since modernity. Adolescence as a transitional stage between childhood and adulthood is a social moratorium scenario, which has been considered necessary to reach maturity. This process has been defined as the path of building identity and personality. However, situations, such as adolescent parenthood are facts, which often occur, and have consequences in this process of identifying the adolescent.

Attitude Survey about Adverse Drug Reactions Relief System for Pharmacists of Insurance Dispensing Pharmacies and Examination of Its Problems / 医薬品情報学

Objectives: “Adverse Drug Reaction Relief System” (hereinafter called the Relief System) has been established to provide prompt relief to patients experiencing health damage caused by adverse drug reactions. Since 2018, the Relief System has required community pharmacies that acquire additional points as local support system to actively report adverse drug reactions. Here, we investigated the recognition and utilization of the relief system among community pharmacists.Method: A questionnaire survey was conducted among community pharmacists between August 1 and September 30, 2019.Results: The survey achieved a response rate of 58.1%. The recognition rates of the relief system and Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) as its application destination were 98.9 and 74.5%, respectively. Of the community pharmacists, 2.6% had experience in utilizing the relief system; and 8.8% did not want to recommend the utilization of the relief system for patients mainly because of the “low recognition of the system” and “the complicated and troublesome preparation of the necessary documents such as medical certificates.” The community pharmacists who acquire additional points as local support system, compared with those who do not, achieved significantly higher rates in two items, including that for preparation of the documented procedures pertaining to adverse drug reactions.Conclusion: Despite the high recognition of the relief system among community pharmacists, the percentage of pharmacists with experience in actually utilizing the relief system and applying to the PMDA was low. One reason that the use of the relief system was not widespread was the low recognition particularly of the destination and procedures of reports on adverse drug reactions. In the future, educational campaigns to improve pharmacists’ comprehension of the relief system will be needed. Moreover, pharmacists must play a central role in enhancing the recognition of the public relief system and promoting medical safety.

Red de soporte social y apoyo comunitario en miembros de una organización de desplazados por violencia política residentes en Cañete, Perú / Social Support Network and Community Support Among Members of an Organization of Persons Displaced by Political Violence Residing in Cañete, Peru

Resumen El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar la relación entre la red de soporte social y el apoyo comunitario en los miembros de una organización de personas desplazadas por violencia política. Para tal fin, el estudio descriptivo-correlacional incluyó a 80 participantes (49 mujeres y 31 hombres) con una edad promedio de 45.79 años (DE = 11.41), quienes residían en una provincia de Lima y provenían, en su mayoría, del departamento de Ayacucho. Se les administró el Cuestionario de Red Social (SNQ) y el Cuestionario de Apoyo Comunitario Percibido (PCSQ). Entre los principales resultados, se encontró que el componente Integración y Participación Comunitaria del PCSQ correlaciona con dos funciones y dos categorías del SNQ. Se presenta asociación positiva estadísticamente significativa con la función guía cognitiva (r s = .32), la función socialización (r s = .24) y la categoría satisfacción (r s = .24) y asociación negativa y estadísticamente significativa con la categoría heterogeneidad (r s = -.23). Se discuten las implicancias de los presentes hallazgos.

Abstract: The present study's aim was to determine the relationship between the social support network and community support among members of an organization of persons displaced by political violence. The correlational-descriptive research included 80 individuals (49 females and 31 males) with a mean age of 45.79 years old (SD = 11.41),who reside in a province of Lima and came, mostly, from the department of Ayacucho. Participants completed the Social Network Questionnaire (SNQ), as well as the Perceived Community Support Questionnaire (PCSQ). Among the main findings, we found that the Integration component and Community Participation from the PCSQ correlate with two functions and two categories from the SNQ. Specifically there is a statistically significant positive association with the Cognitive Guide function (r s = .32), the Socialization function (r s = .24) and the Satisfaction category (r s = .24); and a statistically significant negative association with the Heterogeneity category (r s = -.23).Implications of the results obtained will be discussed in the present paper.

Salud cardiovascular en habitantes de Atahualpa: características y correlatos / Cardiovascular health status in Atahualpa residents: characteristics and correlates

RESUMEN Las enfermedades vasculares son consideradas como las nuevas epidemias de salud en América Latina debido al aumento en la expectativa de vida y a cambios en el estilo de vida de sus habitantes. El conocimiento del estado de salud cardiovascular (SCV) de estas poblaciones es mandatorio para implementar estrategias costo-efectivas dirigidas a reducir la prevalencia de estas enfermedades en la región. En el Proyecto Atahualpa se ha valorado el estado de SCV de los participantes, utilizando los marcadores de salud propuestos por la Asociación Americana del Corazón. El estudio basal incluyó 616 sujetos libres de enfermedad cerebrovascular y cardiopatía isquémica, con edad ≥40 años. De estos, el 2.1% tuvieron un estado de salud ideal, el 28.1% intermedio y el 69.8% pobre. Los peores marcadores incluyeron presión arterial, glucosa en ayunas e índice de masa corporal. La posibilidad de tener un estado de SCV pobre estuvo aumentada en sujetos ≥60 años y en aquellos con escolaridad primaria. Luego, comparamos el estado de SCV de nuestra población con la de hispanos enrolados en el NOMAS, y encontramos que los residentes de Atahualpa tuvieron mejores marcadores de salud, con excepción de los niveles de glucosa en ayunas. La posibilidad de tener 5-7 marcadores en rango ideal fue más elevada en los residentes de Atahualpa, independientemente de la edad. También realizamos un estudio para valorar la SCV dependiendo del aislamiento social y encontramos que el vivir solo se asoció con un peor estado de SCV. Otros estudios mostraron relación entre ciertas patologías del sueño y un peor estado de SCV. Finalmente, hemos empezado el programa "conoce tus números", el cual sumado a charlas comunitarias, se encuentra dirigido a mejorar la SCV de los residentes de Atahualpa y reducir la incidencia de eventos vasculares en la región.

ABSTRACT Stroke and cardiovascular diseases will be the next epidemics in Latin America due to changes in lifestyle and increased life expectancy. Knowledge of cardiovascular health (CVH) status of the population is mandatory to implement cost-effective strategies directed to reduce the burden of vascular diseases in the region. In the Atahualpa Project, we assessed the CVH status of participants using the metrics proposed by the American Heart Association. The basal study included 616 subjects free of stroke and ischemic heart disease aged ≥40 years. Of these, 2.1% had ideal, 28.1% had intermediate and 69.8% had poor CVH status. Poorest metrics were blood pressure, fasting glucose, and BMI. The odds for having a poor CVH status were increased in persons aged ≥ 60 years and in those with only primary school education. Then, we compared our results with the Hispanic population of the Northern Manhattan Stroke Study (NOMAS), and found that Atahualpa residents had significantly better metrics than those enrolled in the NOMAS, with the exception of fasting glucose levels. Likewise, the odds for having 5 to 7 ideal metrics were also better in Atahualpa residents, irrespective of age. We also conducted a case-control study to assess the CVH status of Atahualpa residents according to their living arrangements, and found that social isolation was associated with a worse CVH status in this population. A couple of studies showed correlation between some sleep related disorders and poor CVH status. We have also started an ongoing program called "known your numbers", which, together with community talks, is directed to improve the CVH status and to reduce the burden of vascular diseases in the region.