Utilización de la ultrasonografía y aplicación del Doppler para la evaluación de ejes vasculares periféricos y la prevención del síndrome compartimental / Using ultrasonography and doppler application for evaluating vascular axes and prevention of compartmental syndrome

La ultrasonografía es un método de evaluación rápido y eficaz en los departamentos de emergencias, siempre en manos entrenadas. La lesión vascular periférica es un cuadro que en lo que trauma se refiere, debe tener un veloz diagnóstico y tratamiento por los riesgos que significa: En lesiones abiertas, la hemorragia; y en lesiones cerradas se añade el síndrome compartimental. Lograr la evaluación de la indemnidad o no del árbol vascular en los miembros, se torna importante a la hora de prevenir eventos que requieran intervención quirúrgica (reparación y/o fasciotomía). El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en demostrar la utilidad del conocimiento del árbol vascular periférico y su evaluación mediante doppler para el manejo del traumavascular periférico, utilizando listas de verificación para la evaluación sistemática de la vasculatura. Se realiza-ron evaluaciones sistemáticas a 10 residentes de cirugía general, utilizando primero modelos inanimados y animados y luego se evaluaron en situaciones de guardia, dividido en periodos (febrero/abril 2016 y mayo/agosto 2016). Se correlacionaron los hallazgos con lo estipulado en la lista de verificación previamente realizada y se estableció la relación posterior con el desarrollo del síndrome compartimental. Se evaluaron 185 modelos animados: 1era evaluación: Reconocimiento de estructuras >60 %= 6 residentes. >80 %= 4 residentes. 2da evaluación: Reconocimiento de estructuras >60 %= 3 residentes. >80 %= 7 residentes. En la atención del politraumatizado: reconocimiento de estructuras >60 %= 3 residentes. >80%= 7 residentes. Pacientes con riesgo de síndrome compartimental (n=77) = 11 (14,78 %). Resolución: lesión vascular = 1 (1,3 %) síndrome compartimental= 1 (1,3 %) con resolución quirúrgica. La utilización de la ultrasonografía y del doppler para la evaluación vascular periférica es útil para el reconocimiento precoz del riesgo a desarrollar desde una lesión vascular simple hasta un síndrome compartimental. La utilización de listas de verificación durante la simulación para la generación del criterio, son útiles en la formación de residentes de cirugía.

Ultrasonography is with adequate training, a fast and effective evaluation method in emergency departments. Peripheral vascular injury is frequent in trauma and should have a rapid diagnosis and treatment, as risks include: open sores, bleeding; closed injuries and compartmental syndrome. Prompt evaluation of the integrity in the vascular tree becomes important in preventing events that require surgical intervention (repair and / or fasciotomy). The aim of this work is to demonstrate the usefulness of knowledge of peripheral vascular tree, ultrasound evaluation and Doppler for peripheral vascular trauma management,using checklists for the systematic evaluation of the vasculature. Systematic evaluations were realized in 10general surgery residents. Initially, using inanimate and animate models which were then evaluated intrauma situations. Divided into periods (February / April 2016 ­ May/August 2016). The findings with previouscriteria made the verification list and subsequent connection with the development of compartment syndromethat were established by correlation. Evaluation animated models: 1st assessment: Recognition of structures>60 % =6 residents. > 80 % =4 residents. The 2nd assessment: Recognition of structures > 60 % = 3residents. > 80 % = 7 residents. In the care of multiple trauma: recognition structures > 60% =3 residents.>80 % =7 residents. Patients at risk for compartmental syndrome (n=77)=11 (14.78 %). Resolution:Vascular Lesion 1 (1.3 %) compartmental syndrome: 1 (1.3 %) with surgical resolution. The use of ultrasonography and Doppler for peripheral vascular evaluation is useful for early recognition of risk from developing a single vascular lesion, to compartmental syndrome. The use of the checklists during simulation for the generation of criteria is useful in the training of surgical residents

Efeitos da pressão positiva no final da expiração orientada pela análise da complacência estática do sistema respiratório sobre a pressão intra-abdominal / Effect of the positive end expiration pressure guided by the analysis of the static compliance of the respiratory system on the intra-abdominal pressure

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A pressão intra-abdo­minal (PIA) costuma se elevar em pacientes graves e deve ser monitorada considerando o risco de síndrome compar­timental. A ventilação mecânica pode intensificar o aumen­to da PIA por transmissão da pressão intratorácica pelo diafragma. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de valores mais elevados de pressão positiva no final da expi­ração (PEEP) sobre a PIA em pacientes com diagnóstico de hipertensão intra-abdominal. MÉTODO: Quinze pacientes com indicação para elevação dos níveis de PEEP e que apresentavam hipertensão intra­-abdominal; a mensuração da PIA foi realizada por medida de pressão intravesical em cinco momentos distintos: pré e pós-bloqueio neuromuscular, pós-otimização da PEEP, após 6 horas e 12 horas da otimização. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 15 pacientes, sendo 33,3% (5) do sexo feminino e 66,7% (10) sexo masculino; com idade entre 20 e 89 anos. Sete pacientes (46,7%) em pós­-operatório de cirurgia gastroenterológica, cinco (33,3%) vítimas de politraumatismo e três (20%) em pós-operató­rio de cirurgia de aorta. Considerando a classificação de Burch, 10 pacientes, apresentava hipertensão abdominal grau 1(10,4-15 mmHg); quatro com grau II (16-25 mmHg) e um com grau III (27,5 mmHg). A variação entre a PIA inicial e as quatro medidas seqüenciais após otimização da PEEP variaram entre 2 e 10 mmHg; esta comparação não se apresentou estatisticamente significativa, utilizando-se o teste Analise de Variância de Friedman com p igual 0,196, logo maior que 0,005. CONCLUSÃO: O incremento da PEEP não alterou de for­ma significativa os níveis de pressão intra-abdominal nas primeiras 12 horas pós sua otimização.

Non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis:clinical analysis of thirty-nine cases / 中国实用内科杂志

Objective To evaluate clinical features,predisposing factors,therapeutic regimen and prognosis of non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis.Methods Clinical picture,therapeutic regimen and prognosis were investigated in 39 cases with non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis by retrospective analysis.Results Non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis mostly presented fever,asthenia,myalgia and/or muscular tenderness,swelling of involved muscles,red urine and oliguria or anuria.The complications and comorbidity of rhabdomyolysis included acute renal failure(ARF),disorders of metabolites and electrolytes,compartmental syndrome,infection,and multiple organ dysfunction.Infection(33.3%)was the most common etiology of non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis,followed by drugs(25.6%),metabolite or electrolyte derangements(10.3%)and alcohol intoxication(7.7%)etc.Therapeutic regimen covered treatment of the underlying diseases,volume repletion,alkalization and dealing with the complications.For the patients with established renal failure,renal replacement therapy was essential.Overall mortality was 15.4%,while the mortality in the patients with ARF was 20.7%.If surviving ARF,the patients' renal function promised to be normalized consequently.Conclusion Non-traumatic rhabdomyolysis is a syndrome with a variety of causes,different clinical presentations and versatile combination of complications,which confounds the diagnosis.However,if treated properly and in time,the survivors in all probability will recover from ARF.

Dystrophic Calcification Following Anterior Tibial Compartment Syndrome / 대한정형외과학회잡지

Usually the histologic response of muscle to the ischemia range from mild, reversible change to extensive necrosis and fibrosis in the case of anterior tibial compartment syndrome. But dystmphic calcification in the late stages is very rare condition.Only three cases were previously reported by Gallie and Broder et al in the literature. We are reporting six cases of dystrophic calcification following anterior tibial compartment syndrome in late stages. Onsets of dystrophic calcifications after original injuries ranged from twelve years to thirty-two years. Two out of six cases revealed painless maas in the anterior tibial compartment and remaining four cases revealed painful aases. At surgery, tooth-paste like, calcified material was evacuated in one of five operated cases and yellowish grey, brittle materials were evacuated in the remaining four cases.