Understanding health literacy from a traditional Chinese medicine perspective / 中西医结合学报

Health literacy is critical to improving individual and public health. However, indigenous perceptions of health are largely absent from Western-derived measurements, contributing to disparities in health outcomes between indigenous and non-indigenous populations. China is the country with the world's largest population and only officially introduced the term "health literacy" in 2008. Current measures of health literacy in China are primarily based on Western-derived constructs, which have been shown to have poor comparability to the unique dual medical system in China. Given its significant importance to health management globally, understanding health perceptions from a traditional Chinese medicine perspective is essential. This review explores the concept and core elements of indigenous health literacy, evaluates the existing definitions and measurement tools as applied to the concept, and proposes a new model of traditional Chinese medicine health literacy. Please cite this article as: Qian Z, Wang GY, Henning M, Chen Y. Understanding health literacy from a traditional Chinese medicine perspective. J Integr Med. 2023; 21(3): 215-220.

Teoría de los sistemas de enfermería en la prevención del bajo peso al nacer, roles y funciones de enfermería en atención primaria de salud / Theory of nursing systems in the prevention of low birth weight, nursing roles and functions in primary health care

El bajo peso al nacer constituye una preocupación mundial, los programas diseñados para prevenirlo dependen de la identificación de gestantes susceptibles. Existe escasa evidencia en la literatura acerca del cuidado por parte del profesional de enfermería dirigido a mujeres con factores de riesgo de tener niños con bajo peso al nacer desde la Atención Primaria de Salud. No obstante, hay teorías y modelos conceptuales que pueden ser aplicados para guiar las intervenciones. La teoría de los sistemas de enfermería es la que asumen los autores de esta investigación por considerarla de gran utilidad en la Salud Pública, debido a que, en el ámbito de la responsabilidad personal por la salud, centrar el autocuidado en la iniciativa propia de quienes lo requieren, entendiéndolo como "la práctica de actividades que los propios individuos, inician y desarrollan en su propio beneficio, en la mantención de su vida, salud y bienestar". El objetivo de este artículo fue determinar la importancia de la aplicación de la teoría de los sistemas de enfermería, para el abordaje de intervenciones de enfermería en la prevención del bajo peso al nacer desde la Atención Primaria de Salud.Las conclusionesdan luces sobrelas mujeres con diagnóstico de riesgo reproductivo preconcepcional y condiciones de riesgo para tener hijos con bajo peso al nacer, en particular, deben incorporar a su vida diaria autocuidados que les permitan prevenir complicaciones. Las teorías ayudan a adquirir conocimientos que contribuyen a perfeccionar prácticas cotidianas mediante la descripción, explicación, predicción y control de los fenómenos; además facilita a los profesionales autonomía de acción como guía en aspectos prácticos, educativos y de investigación.

Low birth weight is a global concern; programs designed to prevent it depend on the identification of susceptible pregnant women. There is little evidence in the literature about care by the Nursing professional directed to women with risk factors of having children with low birth weight from Primary Health Care. However, there are theories and conceptual models that can be applied to guide interventions. The Theory of Nursing Systems is the one assumed by the authors of this research because they consider it very useful in Public Health, because in the field of personal responsibility for health, it focuses self-care on the initiative of those who they require it, understanding it as "the practice of activities that individuals themselves initiate and develop for their own benefit, in maintaining their life, health and well-being." The goal of this study was to determine the importance of the application of the theory of nursing systems, for the approach of nursing interventions in the prevention of low birth weight from Primary Health Care.The conclusions shed light on the women with a diagnosis of preconception reproductive risk and risk conditions for having children with low birth weight, in particular, should incorporate self-care into their daily lives that allow them to prevent complications. Theories help to acquire knowledge that helps to improve daily practices through the description, explanation, prediction and control of phenomena; it also provides professionals with autonomy of action as a guide in practical, educational and research aspects.

A conceptual model to understand the drivers of change in tropical wetlands: a comparative assessment in India and Brazil / Un modelo conceptual para comprender los impulsores del cambio en los humedales tropicales: una evaluación comparativa en India y Brasil

Tropical wetlands are amongst the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth and have immense socio-ecological value. However, tropical wetlands are considered exploitable resources and continue to be drained and converted to other "productive" uses. It is therefore urgent to identify and understand the interactions between various drivers of change triggering degradation of such wetlands. In the present study, we systematically reviewed and analyzed the existing literature on wetlands in two tropical countries namely India and Brazil with special reference to inland wetlands, and proposed a conceptual model illustrating the intricate linkages of such wetlands with different drivers of change. We also developed the Nature Futures' Framework to depict the diverse values of inland wetlands contributing to human wellbeing in the two tropical countries. Findings revealed similar drivers of change triggering the degradation of Indian and Brazilian wetlands. These include changes in climate & land use, population growth, poor land governance due to weak policies, besides other anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, and overexploitation of wetland resources. Among these, land-use change such as agriculture intensification and infrastructure development were the major direct drivers; whereas, institutional and governance factors such as the absence of concrete policy measures were the major indirect drivers threatening the inland wetlands in India and Brazil. Results also revealed some contrasting drivers of change such as illegal human settlements, and land grabbing by the brick industry for Indian wetlands; while, gold mining and intensification of bovine systems for Brazilian wetlands. Our paper also provides an insight into the status of wetland conservation in India and Brazil. We recommend the promotion of community-based conservation practices while adopting sustainable livelihood strategies by the local people for the conservation and wise use of inland wetlands in India and Brazil. The arguments raised in the paper have the potential to assist the stakeholders and/or decision-makers towards implementing sustainable management strategies for inland wetlands in the two countries, and tropical wetlands in general.

Los humedales tropicales se encuentran entre los ecosistemas con mayor biodiversidad en la Tierra y tienen un inmenso valor socioecológico. Sin embargo, los humedales tropicales se consideran recursos exploTables y continúan siendo drenados y convertidos a otros usos "productivos". Por lo tanto, es urgente identificar y comprender las interacciones entre varios impulsores del cambio que desencadenan la degradación de dichos humedales. En el presente estudio, revisamos y analizamos sistemáticamente la literatura existente sobre humedales en dos países tropicales, a saber, India y Brasil, con especial referencia a los humedales continentales, y propusimos un modelo conceptual que ilustra el intrincado vínculo de dichos humedales con diferentes impulsores del cambio. También desarrollamos el Marco de Nature Futures para resaltar los diversos valores de los humedales continentales de India y Brasil que contribuyen al bienestar humano en los dos países tropicales. Los resultados revelaron impulsores similares de los cambios que desencadenan la degradación de los humedales de la India y Brasil, incluidos los cambios en el clima y el uso de la tierra, el crecimiento de la población, las políticas débiles y la mala gobernanza de la tierra, además de otras actividades antropogénicas como la deforestación y la sobreexplotación de recursos. Entre estos, el cambio en el uso de la tierra, como la intensificación de la agricultura y el desarrollo de infraestructura, fueron los principales impulsores directos, mientras que los factores institucionales y de gobernanza, como la ausencia de medidas políticas concretas, fueron el principal impulsor indirecto que amenazó los humedales continentales de India y Brasil. Los resultados también revelaron algunos factores de cambio contrastantes, como los asentamientos humanos ilegales y el acaparamiento de tierras por parte de la industria del ladrillo para los humedales indios; mientras que la extracción de oro y la intensificación de los sistemas bovinos para los humedales brasileños. Nuestro documento también proporciona una visión sobre el estado de la conservación de humedales en India y Brasil. Recomendamos la promoción de prácticas de conservación basadas en la comunidad al adoptar estrategias de medios de vida sostenibles por parte de la población local para la conservación y el uso racional de los humedales continentales en India y Brasil. Los argumentos planteados en el artículo tienen el potencial de ayudar a las partes interesadas y / o los tomadores de decisiones para implementar estrategias de gestión sostenible para los humedales continentales en los dos países, y para los humedales tropicales en general.

A conceptual model to understand the drivers of change in tropical wetlands: a comparative assessment in India and Brazil / Un modelo conceptual para comprender los impulsores del cambio en los humedales tropicales: una evaluación comparativa en India y Brasil

Abstract: Tropical wetlands are amongst the most biodiverse ecosystems on Earth and have immense socio-ecological value. However, tropical wetlands are considered exploitable resources and continue to be drained and converted to other "productive" uses. It is therefore urgent to identify and understand the interactions between various drivers of change triggering degradation of such wetlands. In the present study, we systematically reviewed and analyzed the existing literature on wetlands in two tropical countries namely India and Brazil with special reference to inland wetlands, and proposed a conceptual model illustrating the intricate linkages of such wetlands with different drivers of change. We also developed the Nature Futures' Framework to depict the diverse values of inland wetlands contributing to human wellbeing in the two tropical countries. Findings revealed similar drivers of change triggering the degradation of Indian and Brazilian wetlands. These include changes in climate & land use, population growth, poor land governance due to weak policies, besides other anthropogenic activities such as deforestation, and overexploitation of wetland resources. Among these, land-use change such as agriculture intensification and infrastructure development were the major direct drivers; whereas, institutional and governance factors such as the absence of concrete policy measures were the major indirect drivers threatening the inland wetlands in India and Brazil. Results also revealed some contrasting drivers of change such as illegal human settlements, and land grabbing by the brick industry for Indian wetlands; while, gold mining and intensification of bovine systems for Brazilian wetlands. Our paper also provides an insight into the status of wetland conservation in India and Brazil. We recommend the promotion of community-based conservation practices while adopting sustainable livelihood strategies by the local people for the conservation and wise use of inland wetlands in India and Brazil. The arguments raised in the paper have the potential to assist the stakeholders and/or decision-makers towards implementing sustainable management strategies for inland wetlands in the two countries, and tropical wetlands in general.

Resumen: Los humedales tropicales se encuentran entre los ecosistemas con mayor biodiversidad en la Tierra y tienen un inmenso valor socioecológico. Sin embargo, los humedales tropicales se consideran recursos exploTables y continúan siendo drenados y convertidos a otros usos "productivos". Por lo tanto, es urgente identificar y comprender las interacciones entre varios impulsores del cambio que desencadenan la degradación de dichos humedales. En el presente estudio, revisamos y analizamos sistemáticamente la literatura existente sobre humedales en dos países tropicales, a saber, India y Brasil, con especial referencia a los humedales continentales, y propusimos un modelo conceptual que ilustra el intrincado vínculo de dichos humedales con diferentes impulsores del cambio. También desarrollamos el Marco de Nature Futures para resaltar los diversos valores de los humedales continentales de India y Brasil que contribuyen al bienestar humano en los dos países tropicales. Los resultados revelaron impulsores similares de los cambios que desencadenan la degradación de los humedales de la India y Brasil, incluidos los cambios en el clima y el uso de la tierra, el crecimiento de la población, las políticas débiles y la mala gobernanza de la tierra, además de otras actividades antropogénicas como la deforestación y la sobreexplotación de recursos. Entre estos, el cambio en el uso de la tierra, como la intensificación de la agricultura y el desarrollo de infraestructura, fueron los principales impulsores directos, mientras que los factores institucionales y de gobernanza, como la ausencia de medidas políticas concretas, fueron el principal impulsor indirecto que amenazó los humedales continentales de India y Brasil. Los resultados también revelaron algunos factores de cambio contrastantes, como los asentamientos humanos ilegales y el acaparamiento de tierras por parte de la industria del ladrillo para los humedales indios; mientras que la extracción de oro y la intensificación de los sistemas bovinos para los humedales brasileños. Nuestro documento también proporciona una visión sobre el estado de la conservación de humedales en India y Brasil. Recomendamos la promoción de prácticas de conservación basadas en la comunidad al adoptar estrategias de medios de vida sostenibles por parte de la población local para la conservación y el uso racional de los humedales continentales en India y Brasil. Los argumentos planteados en el artículo tienen el potencial de ayudar a las partes interesadas y / o los tomadores de decisiones para implementar estrategias de gestión sostenible para los humedales continentales en los dos países, y para los humedales tropicales en general.

Scenario-modelling for the sustainable management of non-timber forest products in tropical ecosystems / Modelagem de cenários para o manejo sustentável de produtos florestais não-madeireiros em ecossistemas tropicais

Abstract Ecosystems degradation, and consequently biodiversity loss, has severe impacts on people around the world. The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) is one of the international initiatives that have emerged to inform policy makers and aid decisions to prevent further global biodiversity loss, focusing on the interdependence between natural systems and human culture. IPBES promotes the use of scenarios and modelling approaches as a fundamental tool to advance the understanding of the relationships between drivers of change, Nature's Contributions to People (NCP), and social systems. Local-scale case studies with a system approach demonstrating how current knowledge can be used to inform decision-making are still scarce. Here, we present a comprehensive conceptual model and a series of four scenarios under different policies for shea tree species management, as a case-study of applying systems thinking and the NCP concept to a local-scale socio-ecological system. We first characterized the central processes, NCP, drivers and pressures affecting the shea tree system, to investigate the impacts of the multiple uses of the shea tree species on the system as a whole. We then described potential policy options, developed four scenarios, and evaluated them by a Bayesian Belief Network (BBN). We predicted qualitative outcomes of the proposed scenarios: Business-as-usual (BAU), "Conservation and fair trade", "Agroforestry and fair trade" and "Industrial development". We found that the scenarios focussing on conservation, fair trade and agroforestry, can improve the conservation status of shea trees, and enhance wellbeing in the local communities. In this case study, we demonstrate that the development of a comprehensive conceptual model at a local scale can be a useful exercise to identify opportunities for effective policy strategies and social innovation. The shea tree case study can provide an example for modelling non-timber forest products in other regions around the world that face similar drivers and pressures. Species for which this model could be adapted include Central and South American species such as the Brazilian nut (Bertholletia excelsa), cocoa (Theobroma cacao), andiroba (Carapa guianensis), açai (Euterpe oleracea) and the wax palm (Ceroxylon quindiuense). The model and workflow applied here may thus be used to understand similar socio-ecological systems with local and international economic value across the Neotropical region.

Resumo A degradação dos ecossistemas e sua consequente perda de biodiversidade apresentam graves impactos sobre as pessoas em todo o mundo. A Plataforma Intergovernamental de Biodiversidade e Serviços Ecossistêmicos (IPBES) é uma das iniciativas internacionais que surgiram para informar tomadores de decisão e o desenvolvimento de políticas para evitar mais perdas globais de biodiversidade, com foco na interdependência entre sistemas naturais e a cultura humana. O IPBES promove o uso de cenários futuros e abordagens de modelagem como uma ferramenta fundamental para avançar no entendimento das relações entre fatores motivadores de mudança (vetores), as Contribuições da Natureza para as Pessoas (NCP) e sistemas sociais. Estudos de caso em escala local com uma abordagem de sistemas mostrando como o conhecimento atual pode ser usado para informar a tomada de decisão ainda são poucos. Neste trabalho, apresentamos um modelo conceitual abrangente e um conjunto de quatro cenários sob diferentes políticas para o manejo da árvore de karité, como estudo de caso para a aplicação de uma abordagem de sistemas e do conceito de NCP em um sistema socioecológico em escala local. Primeiro nós caracterizamos os processos centrais, os NCP, e os vetores e pressões que afetam o sistema da árvore de karité, para então, investigar os impactos dos múltiplos usos da espécie no sistema como um todo. Em seguida, descrevemos opções de políticas possíveis, a partir das quais desenvolvemos quatro cenários e os avaliamos por Redes Bayesianas baseadas em Crenças (BBN). Nós avaliamos os resultados qualitativos dos quatro cenários de manejo propostos: "business-as-usual" (BAU), "Conservação e Fair Trade", "Agrofloresta e Fair Trade", e "Desenvolvimento Agroindustrial". Verificamos que os cenários que incluíam medidas de conservação e comércio justo, assim como o que previa práticas agroflorestais indicaram potenciais melhorias no status de conservação das árvores de karité e aprimoramento do bem-estar das comunidades locais. Neste estudo de caso, demonstramos que o desenvolvimento de um modelo conceitual mais completo na escala local pode ser útil na identificação de oportunidades para a proposição de estratégias políticas efetivas e inovação social. O estudo de caso da árvore de karité pode fornecer um exemplo de modelagem de produtos florestais não-madeireiros para outras regiões do mundo que enfrentam vetores de mudança e pressões semelhantes. As espécies para as quais esse modelo pode ser adaptado incluem espécies da América Central e do Sul, como a castanha-do-brasil (Bertholletia excelsa), cacau (Theobroma cacao), andiroba (Carapa guianensis), açaí (Euterpe oleracea) e a palma da cera (Ceroxylon quindiuense). O modelo e a proposta de trabalho aplicados aqui podem, portanto, ser usados para entender sistemas socio-ecológicos semelhantes com espécies de valor econômico local e internacional em toda a região neotropical.

Herramientas de manufactura esbelta que inciden en la productividad de una organización: modelo conceptual propuesto / Lean manufacturing tools that influence an organization's productivity: conceptual model proposed / Ferramentas de manufatura enxuta que impactam a produtividade de uma organizacáo: modelo conceitual proposto

Resumen Introducción. Actualmente las empresas industriales enfrentan el desafío de identificar e implantar nuevas técnicas organizacionales y de producción que les permitan competir en un mercado global. Así, el modelo de fabricación esbelta se ha convertido en una alternativa para elevar la productividad y desarrollar competencias de manufactura que incidan en su competitividad. Sin embargo, se desconoce el efecto que aporta cada una de las herramientas de manufactura esbelta al logro de la productividad. Objetivo. Proponer un modelo conceptual que identifique el peso relativo que aporta la implantación de cada una de las herramientas de manufactura esbelta a la productividad. Materiales y métodos. El modelo conceptual parte de una revisión de literatura, donde para ello, se sigue una secuencia ordenada y metodológica para garantizar que el desarrollo de este artículo tenga relevancia en la ciencia y su aplicación. Resultados. En esta investigación las herramientas de manufactura esbelta que más indicen en la productividad de las empresas son: 5S, mantenimiento productivo total, el justo a tiempo (JIT), Kaizen, Kanban, cambio rápido de modelo (SMED) y el mapeo del flujo de valor (VSM) con un peso de 15, 14, 13, 12, 9, 9 y 7 % respectivamente. Además, los indicadores que mejor miden la productividad son los relacionados con la eficiencia, la efectividad y los factores internos. Conclusiones. La principal contribución de este artículo es la propuesta de un modelo conceptual sustentado en evidencia teórica que identifica las herramientas de manufactura esbelta más utilizadas para incidir en la productividad de una organización.

Abstract Introduction. Currently, industrial companies face the challenge of identifying and implementing new organizational and production techniques that allow them to compete in a global market. Thus, the lean manufacturing model has become an alternative to increase productivity and develop manufacturing skills that affect their competitiveness. However, the effect of each of the lean manufacturing tools on achieving productivity is unknown. Objective. Propose a conceptual model that identifies the relative weight in productivity provided by the implementation of each of the lean manufacturing tools. Materials and methods. The conceptual model is based on a literature review where an orderly and methodological sequence is followed to ensure that the development of this article has relevance in science and its application. Results. According to this research, the lean manufacturing tools that most influence the productivity of companies are: 5 s; Total Productive Maintenance; Just in Time (JIT); Kaizen; Kanban; Rapid Model Change (SMED); and Value Stream Mapping (VSM), with a weight of 15, 14, 13, 12, 9, 9 and 7% respectively. In addition, it was found that the indicators that best measure productivity are those related to efficiency, effectiveness and internal factors. Conclusions. The main contribution of this article is the proposal of a conceptual model supported by theoretical evidence that identifies the most used lean tools to influence the productivity of an organization.

Resumo: Introdução. Atualmente as empresas industriais enfrentam o desafio de identificar e introduzir novas técnicas organizacionais e de produção que lhes permitam concorrer num mercado global. Assim, o modelo de fabricação enxuta tem se tornado em uma alternativa para aumentar a produtividade e desenvolver concorrências de manufaturas que indicam na sua competitividade. No entanto, se desconhece o efeito que contribui a cada uma das ferramentas de manufatura enxuta à obtenção da produtividade. Objetivo. Propor um modelo conceitual que identifique o peso relativo que contribua a implantação de cada uma das ferramentas de Manufatura Enxuta à produtividade. Materiais e métodos. O modelo conceitual inicia parte de uma revisão de literatura, onde para isso, segue-se uma sequência ordenada e metodológica para garantir que o desenvolvimento deste artigo tenha relevância na ciência e sua aplicação. Resultados. Nesta pesquisa as ferramentas de manufatura enxuta que mais indiquem na produtividade das empresas são: 5S, Manutenção produtiva total, o Justo ao tempo (JIT), Kaizen, Kanban, mudança rápida de modelo (SMED) e o Mapeamento do fluxo de valor (VSM) com um peso de 15, 14, 13, 12, 9, 9 e 7 % respetivamente. Além, os indicadores que melhor medem a produtividade são os relacionados com a eficácia, a eficiência e os fatores internos. Conclusões. A principal contribuição deste artigo é a proposta de um modelo conceitual sustentado em evidencia teórica que identifica as ferramentas de manufatura enxuta mais utilizadas para incidir na produtividade de uma organização.

THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK: ESTABLISHING HEALTH LITERACY MODULE FOR INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN MALAYSIA

@#This paper proposed a conceptual model on developing a new Health Literacy Module for Indigenous People in Malaysia. This proposed model could be used as a reference for researchers to develop new strategies to overcome health issues on Indigenous People. The proposed model incorporated three (3) phases which are (i) Phase 1: To determine the Knowledge, Attitude & Practice (KAP) on parasitic infections among Indigenous People, (ii) Phase 2: To develop self-useful kit for Indigenous People according to the needs in Phase 1, (iii) Phase 3: To develop a health literacy module of parasitic infections as a referral for Indigenous People. This research will have a significant contribution to provide an in-depth knowledge on identification of health care problems related to parasitic infections towards the development of health literacy module for Indigenous People. Authors will propose new or adapted or/and adopted tools/products/guidelines to be established based on the findings of this research. The findings are aimed to improve quality of life for Indigenous People in Malaysia

Construction of Ontological Modeling for Core Concepts of TCM Sub-domain / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective In view of the inconsistency between the concepts of TCM in the field of TCM information intersection, the confusion of domain knowledge expression caused by conceptual cross and term ambiguity, and taking TCM sub-domain as a sample, knowledge representation and ontological modeling of core concepts are realized. Methods Through collecting and combing 2015 version of Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (the first volume), Coding Rules for Chinese Medicines and Their Codes, Chinese Materia Medica, TCM Dictionary, Science of Chinese Materia Medica, Clinical Science of Chinese Materia Medica and other TCM knowledge authority source data, based on ontological conceptual modeling method, this article confirmed the definition and connotation of Chinese materia medica, determined the concept properties, clarified the relationship between concepts, and initially completed the ontological modeling for core concepts of TCM sub-domain. Results The ontological modeling of key concepts such as "TCM", "Chinese materia medica", "TCM decoction pieces" and "TCM patent medicines" was completed. Conclusion The preliminary construction of TCM related core conceptual model is realized, which can provide reference for expressions and sharing of TCM knowledge in other sub-domains.

Habilidades para la vida como estrategia de promoción de la salud en niños y niñas en riesgo social: programa educativo de enfermería / Life skills as a strategy for promoting health in children at social risk: nursing education program

ResumenIntroducción: El siguiente artículo es el resultado de la investigación realizada para optar por la licenciatura en Enfermería, en la modalidad de práctica dirigida, el cual consistió en un programa educativo desde Enfermería de habilidades para la vida como estrategia de promoción de la salud en niños y niñas en riesgo social del Hogar Vista del Mar en San José, Costa Rica durante el año 2014.Metodología: participaron 23 niños y niñas en edades entre 9 a 11 años (cuantos del personal de la institución). Se aplicó una metodología cualitativa. Primeramente, se realizó un diagnóstico en el que participaron tanto los niños (as) del programa así como personal que labora para la institución. A partir de los resultados obtenidos en el diagnóstico, se diseñó el programa educativo, desarrollado mediante la metodología de taller con siete sesiones y una actividad de cierre en las que se empleó la estrategia de rally. La evaluación del programa se realizó al finalizar cada una de las sesiones, además de una evaluación general al terminar todo el programa (actividad de rally).Resultados: Los resultados fueron analizados a la luz del modelo conceptual de sistema abiertos de la teorizante en enfermería Imogene King, entre los que se destaca la importancia de la implementación y el reforzamiento constante de este tipo de programas que, desde Enfermería, proporcionan herramientas para que los infantes cuenten con un mayor control sobre su cuidado, de modo que implementen medidas para promover su salud de manera integral.Conclusión: Se evidencia la necesidad de reforzar las habilidades para la vida en las poblaciones en condición de riesgo social.

AbstractIntroduction. The following article is the result of research conducted to opt for a degree in nursing, which consisted of an educational program from Nursing life skills as a strategy for promoting health in children at social risk Home Vista del Mar in San Jose, Costa Rica in 2014.Methods. 23 children participated in ages between 9-11 years (how many staff of the institution). A qualitative methodology was applied. First, a diagnosis, which involved both, children and staff working for the institution was performed. From the results of the diagnosis, the education program developed by the methodology workshop with seven sessions and a closing activity in which strategy was employed rally was designed. Program evaluation was performed at the end of each session, along with a general assessment at the end of the entire program (activity rally).Result. The results were analyzed in the light of the conceptual model of open system theorist in nursing Imogene King, including the importance of implementation and constant reinforcement of these types of programs, from Nursing, provide tools for stands that infants have a greater control over their care, so that implement measures to promote their health holistically.Conclusion. The need to strengthen life skills in populations at social risk condition is evident.

Rural Rabies Prevention Project - A ‘One Health’ Experiment in India: An Overview.

Aim: To assess the feasibility of implementing "one health approach" to prevent human rabies and control animal rabies in a rural community. Study Design: Health services research in a rural setting. Place and Duration of Study: A medical college and a veterinary college along with an animal welfare organization delivered a wide array of "integrated services" in three villages' i.e. Kumbalagodu, Thagachikuppe and Gerupalya near Bangalore, India comprising a population of 10,220 persons for a period of two years from December, 2009 to November, 2011. The nearby three villages of Ramohally, Vinayakanagara and Bhimanakuppe with a population of 6,023 persons formed the control group, with no project inputs. Methodology: This consisted of household surveys at the beginning and end of two years ; rabies awareness campaigns; clinical and laboratory surveillance of rabies in dogs; rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in humans; pre-exposure rabies prophylaxis (PrEP) by intradermal route in school children, pet dog owners and veterinarians ; mass dog vaccination and deworming; and sero-surveillance in both dogs and humans. Results: The ratio of veterinary and medical manpower in study villages was 1: 11 and dog to human ratio was 1: 23.The information, education and communication materials developed and used were domestic outdoor wall writings (11), domestic indoor annual wall calendar (2000), school book labels (1000); game charts (16); wall posters (65); flip chart (15); rabies educational DVD (1). There were 102 local cable television transmissions on rabies prevention. 69 persons received rabies PEP. PrEP was given to 368 school children, pet dog owners and veterinarians. Sixty one human serum samples were analyzed by rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test for rabies antibody detection. Sixteen veterinarians were trained to use direct rapid immunohistochemical test (dRIT) for rabies diagnosis. Six ruminants were confirmed rabid by dRIT. There were no cases of human rabies. The cost of entire project was US $ 85,958. Conclusion: A blend of medical, veterinary and animal welfare services were successfully delivered through a "one health" approach. Based on this success a "conceptual model" was evolved to propagate its replication in other rural communities across India.

Modelos de argumentación en ciencias: una aplicación a la genética / Modelo de argumentação em ciências: uma aplicação à genética / Argumentation models in science: an application to genetics

1. Objetivo: Caracterizar los modelos argumentativos que utilizan estudiantes de biología en la solución de problemas de genética, desde las categorías modelo conceptual, estructura argumentativa y comportamiento discursivo. 2. Materiales y Métodos. Realizamos un estudio cualitativo, con metodología de tipo descriptiva, en el que analizamos las respuestas escritas y orales de 4 estudiantes. Como instrumentos para la recolección de la información diseñamos 7 problemas en cuya solución estaban implicados los modelos de herencia de Lamarck y de Mendel. Para el análisis de la información aplicamos los procedimientos del análisis de discurso y el análisis de contenido a los textos escritos y orales. 3. Resultados. En el momento de resolver problemas, las estudiantes con las que realizamos el estudio emplearon estructuras argumentativas restringidas, un comportamiento discursivo que se caracteriza por el uso frecuente de conectores de posibilidad y deícticos, y el uso de modelos de herencia que han precedido al modelo molecular. Los modelos argumentativos caracterizados se constituyen en la base para intervenciones didácticas en el campo de la Enseñanza de la Genética.

1. Objetivo: Caracterizar os modelos argumentativos utilizados pelos estudantes de biologia na solução de problemas de genética, desde as categorias do modelo conceitual, estrutura argumentativa e comportamento discursivo. 2. Materiais e Métodos: É um estudo qualitativo, com metodologia descritiva, onde se analisa as respostas orais e escritas de quatro (4) estudantes. Como instrumentos para a coleta de dados, sete (7) problemas foram desenhados, em cuja solução estavam implicados os modelos da hereditariedade de Lamarck e Mendel. Para a análise dos dados aplicaram-se os procedimentos da analise de discurso e a analise de conteúdo aos textos escritos e orais. 3. Resultados. No momento de resolver os problemas, as estudantes que participaram no estudo empregaram estruturas argumentativas restringidas, um comportamento discursivo caracterizado pelo uso freqüente de ligadores de possibilidade e deícticos, como também pelo uso dos modelos da hereditariedade que precederam o modelo molecular. Os modelos argumentativos caracterizados constituem-se na base para intervenções didáticas no campo do Ensinamento da Genética.

1. Goal. To characterize argumentative models through biology students in the solution of genetics problems, from the conceptual model, argumentative structure and discursive behavior categories. 2. Materials and Methods. A qualitative study with a descriptive-type methodology was conducted, where the written and oral responses of four (4) students were analyzed. To gather the corresponding information, seven (7) problems were designed, where Lamarck and Mendel's heritage models were implied. To analyze the information, discourse and content analysis procedures were applied to the oral and written texts. 3. Results. At the moment of solving the problems, the students participating in the study used restricted argumentative structures, a discursive behavior characterized by the frequent use of possibility connectors and deictics, as well as the heritage models that have preceded the molecular model. The argumentative models characterized become the basis for didactic interventions in the field of Genetics Teaching.

Conceptual model of comprehensive research metrics for improved human health and environment: [review] / Modelo conceitual de indicadores de desempenho abrangentes para a melhoria da saúde humana e do meio ambiente: [revisão]

Performance measurement predominantly consisted of near-term outputs measured through bibliometrics, but the recent focus is on accountability for investment based on long-term outcomes. Our objective is to build a logic model and associated metrics through which to measure the contribution of environmental health research programs to improvements in human health, the environment, and the economy. We developed a logic model that defines the components and linkages between extramural environmental health research grant programs and the outputs and outcomes related to health and social welfare, environmental quality and sustainability, economics, and quality of life, focusing on the environmental health research portfolio of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Division of Extramural Research and Training and delineates pathways for contributions by five types of institutional partners in the research process. The model is being applied to specific NIEHS research applications and the broader research community. We briefly discuss two examples and discuss the strengths and limits of outcome- based evaluation of research programs.

A avaliação de desempenho compreendia predominantemente resultados de curto prazo avaliados através de bibliometria, mas recentemente a ênfase voltou-se à prestação de contas dos investimentos com base em resultados a longo prazo. Nosso objetivo é criar um modelo lógico e métricas associadas através dos quais possamos avaliar a contribuição de programas de pesquisa em saúde ambiental para melhorar a saúde humana, o meio ambiente e a economia. Desenvolvemos um modelo lógico que define os componentes e elos entre os programas de pesquisa em saúde ambiental extramuros subsidiados e os resultados relacionados à saúde e ao bem-estar social, qualidade ambiental e sustentabilidade, economia e qualidade de vida, com ênfase no portfólio de pesquisa em saúde ambiental do National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), divisão de pesquisa e treinamento extramuros, delineando caminhos para as contribuições de cinco tipos de parceiros institucionais no processo de pesquisa. O modelo está sendo usado em aplicações específicas do NIEHS e na comunidade de pesquisa como um todo. Analisamos brevemente dois exemplos e os pontos fortes e limitações da avaliação baseada em resultados dos programas de pesquisa.

Information Extraction Using Concept Node Analysis of Brain Radiology Reports Summarization / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVE: Electronic Medical Record contains the majority of clinical data in unstructured text. The information in the textual document can be stored in conceptual format and used to support clinical care by text summarization technique. In this study, we present Information Extraction(IE) using Concept Node(CN) which is extraction rule in case frame from brain radiology reports in SNUH(Seoul National University Hospital) for summarization. METHOD: Following steps are performed: design conceptual model to define semantic entities as extraction templates of brain radiology report, build CN dictionary based on statistical syntactic pattern and development of parser to extract relevant information based on defined templates. RESULTS: The three evaluation results shows that 19% precision improvement after post processing supplemental specified complex verb construction and 19.24~21.25% accurate semantic effectiveness with extracting additional Korean noun. The average of precision is 85.18%, average of recall is 93.71% and F-measure is 0.89. CONCLUSION: Our approach has advantageous elements for different language at the same sentence. We expect this IE technology can summarize vast amount radiology texts material for clinical decision support system effectively and hope this study helps the evolution of clinical data representation in Korean medical records and its integration into the EMR in the future.