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Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of virtual reality (VR) technology in children after surgery for concomitant strabismus. Methods: A total of 200 children with concomitant exotropia or concomitant esotropia were randomly divided into a training group and a control group according to the single even number random method (100 cases in each group). Patients in the training group received VR intervention training within 1 week after surgery. Patients in the control group did not receive any training. Results: Six months after the surgery, the orthophoria (the far or near strabismus degree was ?8?) rate was significantly higher in the training group than in the control group (P = 0.001), while the eye position regression rate (compared to the strabismus degree within 1 week after the surgery, the amount of regression >10?) was significantly lower in the training group than in the control group (P = 0.001). Six months after the surgery, the number of children with simultaneous vision and remote stereovision was significantly higher in the training group than in the control group (P = 0.017 and 0.002, respectively). The differences in the number of patients with peripheral stereopsis, macular stereopsis, and stereopsis in macular fovea centralis at 1, 3, and 6 months after the surgery between the training and the control groups were not statistically significant (P = 0.916, 0.274, and 0.302, respectively). Conclusion: The intervention of VR technology after strabismus correction effectively improved children’s visual function and maintained their eye position
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AIM: To investigate the differences in squint angle measured by right angle prism and isosceles angle prism.METHODS: Case control study. A total of 176 cases of concomitant strabismus admitted to our hospital from June 2021 to April 2022 were selected, among which 79 cases were concomitant esotropia and 97 cases were concomitant exotropia. The squint angle of all patients was measured respectively by alternating cover right angle prism and isosceles angle prism.RESULT: For patients with concomitant esotropia, the right angle prism degree was 49.167△±13.573△ and the isosceles angle prism degree was 38.250△±10.756△ (P<0.01), with a difference of 10.917△±3.752△; the measurement of right angle prism converted to circular degree was 19.096°±2.456°, and the isosceles angle prism value was 20.847°±5.364°(P<0.05), with a difference of 2.443°±2.702°. For patients with concomitant exotropia, the right angle prism degree was 51.875△±13.567△, and the isosceles angle prism degree was 40.492△±11.753△ (P<0.01), with a difference of 11.383△±4.783△; the measurement of right angle prism converted to circular degree was 19.589°±2.521°, and the isosceles angle prism value was 21.947°±5.864°(P<0.01), with a difference of 3.200°±3.077°. There was no significant statistical difference in the differences of the two prism degree and the circular degree for concomitant esotropia and concomitant exotropia(P>0.05).CONCLUSIONS: The squint angle measured by different shaped prisms is different. The degree measured by right angle prism is larger than that by isosceles angle prism.
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AIM: To explore the curative effect of modified Parks incision combined with rectus linear tucking on adults with concomitant strabismus and its influences on postoperative recovery of visual function and ocular aesthetics.METHODS: A total of 160 adults with concomitant strabismus were enrolled as the research subjects between June 2019 and June 2021. They were divided into observation group(modified Parks incision combined with rectus linear tucking, 89 cases)and control group(corneal limbal trapezoid conjunctival flap incision combined with rectus linear tucking, 71 cases)according to different surgical methods. The clinical curative effect and surgical related indexes between the two groups were compared. The changes in scores of corneal fluorescence staining, standard patient of eye dryness(SPEED), visual analogue scale(VAS)and Vancouver scar scale(VSS)before and after surgery in both groups were observed. The occurrence of complications such as poor conjunctival healing and astigmatism was statistically analyzed at 1mo after surgery.RESULTS: The total response rate of surgery in observation group was higher than that in control group, and length of surgical incision was shorter than that in control group(all P<0.05). The scores of postoperative corneal fluorescence staining and dry eye in observation group were lower than those in control group, and VAS scores at 1wk after surgery were lower than that in control group(all P<0.05). Postoperative divergent fusion range, strabismus angles of short-sighted 33cm and far-sighted 5m in observation group were greater than those in control group. Convergent fusion range was smaller than that in control group, and stereopsis of short-sighted 33cm and far-sighted 5m was lower than that in control group(all P<0.05). Postoperative break-up time in observation group was longer than that in control group, lacrimal secretion was more than that in control group, and scores of corneal surface regularity index(SRI)and VSS scores were lower than those in control group(all P<0.05). The total incidence of complications in observation group was lower than that in control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The modified Parks incision combined with rectus linear tucking can not only improve surgical effect and promote the recovery of visual function and tear film function in adults with concomitant strabismus, but also relieve dry eye and postoperative pain, improve ocular aesthetics and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications.
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@#AIM: To discuss the effect of fresnel press-on prisms combined with mental image network training on binocular visual function recovery of the postoperative concomitant strabismus(CS). <p>METHODS: Totally 120 postoperative children with CS were selected from January 2015 to January 2018 in our hospital. According to the random digital table method, they were divided into the combination group and the prism group, 60 cases in each group, the prism group was given fresnel press-on prisms treatment, the combination group was given mental image network training on the basis, the visual function recovery of the two groups was compared. <p>RESULTS: After 6mo treatment, binocular visual machine visual function and Titmus near stereopsis visual function in both groups were significantly higher than before, and the binocular visual machine visual function and Titmus near stereopsis visual function in the combination group were significantly higher than those in the single press group, the difference was statistically significant(all <i>P</i><0.05). The long distance fusion function normal rates in the combination group and the prism group were significantly higher than those before treatment, the long distance fusion function normal rate in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the prism press group, the difference was statistically significant(93.3% <i>vs</i> 70.0%, <i>P</i><0.05). <p>CONCLUSION: Fresnel press-on prisms combined with mental image network training can effectively promote the binocular visual function recovery of the postoperative children with CS, which is worth for further clinical promotion.
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@#AIM: To investigate camera-assisted measurement in evaluating the accuracy of Hirschberg Test in measuring squint angle of concomitant strabismus.<p>METHODS:The clinical data of 105 patients with concomitant strabismus who were admitted to the hospital during the period from January 2016 to January 2018 were collected. After admission, they were given traditional Hirschberg Test and picture Hirschberg Test for squint angle examination.Taking the prism cover test as golden standard, the deviation values between squint angle measured by golden standard and those measured by the traditional Hirschberg Test and the picture Hirschberg Test were recorded.The influence of Kappa angle on the deviation value was analyzed.The application value of camera-assisted measurement in squint angle of concomitant strabismus was analyzed.<p>RESULTS:There was a significant difference in the value of squint angle measured by traditional Hirschberg Test, picture Hirschberg Test and prism cover test test(<i>P</i><0.05), and the squint angle measured byprism cover test test was higher than that of picture Hirschberg Test method(<i>P</i><0.05), and the angle in picture Hirschberg Test method was higher than that in traditional Hirschberg Test method(<i>P</i><0.05), and the consistency of picture Hirschberg Test method and prism cover test test in measuring squint angle was higher than that of Traditional Hirschberg Test method(<i>P</i><0.05).There were significant differences in the deviation values of squint angle measured by traditional Hirschberg Test among the 4 examiners(<i>P</i><0.05).The deviation values of all examiners measured by traditional Hirschberg Test were higher than those by picture Hirschberg Test(<i>P</i><0.05).The deviation degree of picture Hirschberg Test was lower than that of traditional Hirschberg Test in terms of the examination of squint angle in patients with positive and negative Kappa angle(<i>P</i><0.05).<p>CONCLUSION: The deviation of camera-assisted measurement picture Hirschberg Test is lower than that of traditional Hirschberg Test for the measurement of squint angle of concomitant strabismus, and it is more suitable for young patients who cannot cooperate with.
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· AIM:To discuss the effect of mental image network training on binocular visual function recovery in children with concomitant strabismus.· METHODS:Totally 100 children with concomitant strabismus were selected from March 2013 to March 2017 in our Hospital.According to the random distribution,they were divided into mental group and control group,50 cases in each group.Mental group was given the mental image network training,control group was given no training.The visual function of the two groups of binocular vision,the near stereoscopic visual acuity and the eye position of the two groups were compared.· RESULTS:The proportion of patients with vision function by synoptophore at Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ after treatment of mental group and control group were significantly higher than those before treatment,the after treatment of mental group was significantly higher than that of control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).In the aspect of rate of ceses without stereovision by Titmus near stereoacuity,that after treatment of mental group and control group were significantly lower than those of the before treatment,that after treatment of mental group was significantly lower than control group;in the aspect of central fovea,macular hole,peripheral stereoscopic vision,those after treatment of mental group and control group were significantly higher than those of the before treatment,those after treatment of mental group was significantly higher than that of control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).During the follow-up for 6mo,the ocular position maintenance rate of mental group was significantly higher than that of control group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).· CONCLUSION:Mental image network training can effectively promote the recovery of visual function in children after concomitant strabismus surgery.It is beneficial to maintain the position of the eye of children.
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AIM:To investigate the surgical method and extent of reoperation in the concomitant strabismus patients with surgical under-correction and over-correction. METHODS: Ninety - six concomitant strabismus patients with surgical under - correction and over -correction were recruited in this study, which included 41 males and 55 females, aged 21. 90±14. 70. All individuals underwent routine eye examinations for strabismus before the surgery. Among the cases with concomitant esotropia, there were over-correction in 23 cases, under-correction in 15 cases. Among the cases with concomitant exotropia, there were over-correction in 28 cases, under - correction in 30 cases. The method of reoperation were based on angle of deviation, the method of original operation and acute visual acuity of patients. RESULTS:In over - correction cases with concomitant esotropia, medial rectus muscle of 9 cases were advanced, the corrective extent was (5. 51±2. 63) ? / mm;9 cases were performed advance of medial rectus muscle and recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 25±1. 59) ? / mm; 3 cases were performed resection of medial rectus muscle and recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 26±1. 04) ? /mm; only 2 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 21±1. 91) ? /mm. In under - correction cases with concomitant esotropia, 6 cases were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 03±0. 98) ? /mm; 6 cases were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle and recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 86 ± 1. 32) ? / mm; 3 cases were performed recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was ( 4. 33 ± 0. 29 ) ? / mm. In over -correction cases with concomitant exotropia, 16 cases were performed advance of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (5. 37 ± 1. 56) ? / mm; 6 cases were performed recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (6. 29 ± 3. 68) ? / mm; 5 cases were performed advance of lateral rectus muscle and recession of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (5. 46±1. 78) ? / mm; 1 case were performed resection of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was 5. 00? / mm. In under - correction cases with concomitant exotropia, 12 cases were performed resection of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (4. 47 ± 0. 54) ? / mm; 16 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle and resection of medial rectus muscle, the corrective extent was ( 5. 11 ± 0. 75 ) ? / mm; 2 cases were performed recession of lateral rectus muscle, the corrective extent was (2. 65±0. 42) ? / mm. CONCLUSION: In reoperation of concomitant strabismus patients with over-correction, weakening or/and strengthening the horizontal muscle which were performed surgery before has a greater and more unstable surgical corrective extent. While In reoperation of concomitant strabismuspatients with under -correction, weakening or/ and strengthening the horizontal muscle which were not performed surgery has a normal corrective extent as usual.
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AIM: To investigate the effect of binocular vision training on stereopsis establish and visual function in child concomitant strabismus after surgery METHODS:Ninety-three cases of strabismus children were randomly divided into two groups, making it comparable. The control group (n=46) were treated with conventional surgery and care;the observation group ( n=47) on the basis of routine care as control group, were given binocular vision training. Synoptophore and Titmus stereoscopic view were used to check the function of stereoscopic. RESULTS:After treatment, simultaneous perception, visual fusion and stereopsis of trail patient were 77%, 62% and 40%, respectively, those of control group were 48%, 35% and 18%, the difference was statistically significant (P CONCLUSION: Binocular vision training can effectively help children to build concomitant strabismus after surgery, for children with strabismus should be treated with conventional visual training to improve visual function and improve the life quality.
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Objective To study the effect of binocular vision function training for fusion in the eye position and three levels of eye function in adult patients after concomitant strabismus surgery. Methods 56 cases with postoperative concomitant strabismus were randomly divided into training group and control group . In the training group, patients were trained with software to enhance the fusion. After training for 7, 30, 180 and 365 days, the eye position, the fusion and the stereoesthesia were observed and analyzed. Results After training for 365 days, the deteriorative ratio in the training group is 3%, which is significantly lower than control group (23%)(P<0.05). The correction ratio in eye position is 20%, which is significantly higher than control group (4%)(P<0.05). The recovery ratio in binocular vision function is 53%, which is significantly higher than control group (15%)(P<0.05). The recovery ratio in stereaeuity is 46%, which is significantly higher than control group (11%)(P<0.05). Conclusions Fusion training can enhance the recovery of fusion and stereaeuity, decrease the deteriorative ratio, and correct the eye position after surgery in concomitant strabismus patients.
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El estrabismo y la ambliopía son patologías relativamente frecuentes en la población general. La ambliopía constituye la causa principal de disminución de visión unilateral. Existen diferentes tipos de estrabismo mientras que la ambliopía se debe únicamente a tres mecanismos fisiopatológicos. El objetivo de este artículo es brindar al médico de atención primaria y al estudiante de medicina una revisión completa y actualizada sobre estos dos temas. Para esto revisamos libros de texto reconocidos y utilizando MEDLINE, artículos representativos relacionados con el tema y mostramos un panorama general que incluye aspectos básicos de anatomía de los músculos extraoculares, nomenclatura y terminología empleada en estrabismo, aspectos de fisiología motora, pruebas clínicas utilizadas para el diagnóstico, generalidades sobre los principales tipos de estrabismo y manejo.
Strabismus and amblyopia are seen quite frecuently in the general population. Amblyopia is responsable for more unilaterally reduced vision of childhood onset than all other causes combined. There are severeal causes of strabismus while amblyopia is caused by three phisiopathologic states. We pretend to provide the primary care physician a general and up date review on this subject. In this article we reviewed recognized textbooks and, using MEDLINE some representative articles on this subject. We provide an overview of anatomical concepts, abbreviated designations for types of strabismus, some aspects on motor physiology, diagnostic techniques for strabismus and amblyopia, general concepts on various endodeviations and exodeviations and the management of each type.