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Background: Growth and development of dentocraniofacial complex occurs during various stage of development of dentition with TMJ as one of its centres of growth. The condition of temporomandibular joint can be visible from its condylar head form; therefore, it is crucial to recognize the normal morphology of condylar head during different stages of development of dentition. Aims: The aim of the study is to view the morphological appearance of condylar head during primary dentition, mixed dentition and permenant dentition. Subject and Methods: 400 panoramic images of 194 boys and 296 girls were collected and were divided into three groups bases on the stage of dentition. Shape of the condylar head were determined by tracing the print out of the panoramic image on an X ray viewer. Results: The study showed that during primary dentition stage shape of the conylar head was dominated by round shape and as growth and development occurs the condylar head shape changes to convex. Conclusion: The study describes the normal morphology of mandibular condyles in a child population attending The dentition status as well as growth of craniofacial has a significant role in determining condylar morphology.
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Objective@#To investigate the correlation between mandibular condyle volume and external ear volume in M2a type of hemifacial microsomia.@*Methods@#19 patients with M2a type of hemifacial microsomia diagnosed by CT scan in the Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital from August 2017 to December 2018 were included, and the head CT data were obtained. At the same time, 19 healthy people were recruited as volunteers and obtain CT data of their heads as control. The Mimics 15.0 software was used for 3D reconstruction of CT data, measure the volume of mandibular condyle and external ear. SPSS 25.0 software was used to analyze the correlation between mandibular volume and external ear volume, as well as the difference between bilateral mandibular condyle volume (healthy side mandibular condyle volume-affected side mandibular condyle volume) and bilateral external ear volume difference (healthy side external ear volume-affected side external ear volume), and the correlation was obtained by spearman correlation coefficient analysis. P<0.05 indicates that the difference was statistically significant.@*Results@#The data of 19 cases of M2a type of hemifacial microsomia and 19 healthy volunteers were analyzed. The left and right volume of bilateral mandibular condyle in healthy volunteers was (1 309.23±420.63) mm3, (1 325.93±425.60) mm3(P=0.904), the left and right volume of external ear was (7 854.18±2 005.77) mm3, (7 862.63±1 994.02) mm3(P=0.990), bilateral development was synchronous, there was no statistical difference. There was a significant positive correlation between mandibular condyle volume and external ear volume in healthy volunteers (P=0.004, rs=0.772). The volume of healthy and affected mandibular condyle in the patients with M2a type of hemifacial microsomia was (1 160.89±549.07) mm3, (509.55±303.88) mm3 (P=0.006), and the volume of healthy and affected external ear was (7 418.19±2 434.93) mm3and (2 029.99±1 080.37) mm3 (P=0.007). The development is not synchronized in the mandibular condyle and external ear in M2a type of hemifacial microsomia, but the mandibular condyle volume is significantly positively correlated with the external ear volume(healthy side: P=0.008, rs=0.740; affected side: P=0.004, rs=0.709), and the affected part of the mandibular condyle and the external ear development (the volume difference between the mandibular condyle or the external ear volume) also has the same performance(P=0.006, rs=0.753).@*Conclusions@#There is a significant positive correlation between mandibular condyle volume and external ear volume in patients with M2a type of hemifacial microsomia.
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Objective To analyze the skeletal characteristics of temporomandibular joint in patients with unilateral posterior scis-sors bite by using the cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT) .Methods Thirty-five patients of Angle class Ⅰ were scanned by CBCT (19 cases with unilateral scissors bite as the experimental group and 16 cases without scissors bite as the control group ) The CT images were reconstructed into 3D computer models by using the Dental Volume Reformat Function of the Ondemand 3D pack-age .9 anatomical landmarks were located and all data of 11 measured value were statistically analyzed .Results There were statisti-cal differences in the skeletal characteristics of temporomandibular joint in the scissors-bite side of the experimental group compared with those in the non-scissors-bite side (P0 .05) .There were statistical significances in the skeletal characteris-tics of temporomandibular joint of the controlled group compared with those in the scissors-bite side of the experimental group ,and the same with those in the non-scissors-bite side (P<0 .01) .Conclusion The CBCT is an effective tool to analyze the skeletal char-acteristics of temporomandibular joint characteristics .There were differences in the morphology of the condyle and the glenoid fossa of patients with unilateral posterior scissors bite .
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The bifid mandibular condyle is an exceedingly rare anomaly, frequently diagnosed as an incidental finding in a panoramic radiograph. Its etiology and pathogenesis are unknown, though the most acceptable theory suggests that trauma is at the origin of the condition. This article reports a new case of bilateral bifid condyle in a 21-year-old female with history of trauma in childhood.
El proceso condilar bífido es una anomalía muy rara. Se diagnostica como un hallazgo accidental en una radiografía panorámica. Su etiología y patogenia son desconocidas, aunque la teoría más aceptada sugiere que el trauma está en el origen de esta condición. Este artículo presenta un nuevo caso de proceso condilar bífido bilateral en una mujer de 21 años de edad con antecedentes de trauma en la infancia.
Subject(s)
Female , Mandibular Condyle/anatomy & histology , Mandibular Condyle/abnormalities , Mandibular Condyle , Temporomandibular Joint/injuries , Radiography, Panoramic/methodsABSTRACT
The bifid condylar process is a rare alteration that is usually diagnosed as an incidental finding in a panoramic radiograph. The etiology of bifid condylar process is unknown, although the most tenable theory is that of traumatic origin. A 46-year-old woman was referred to our dental department with a complaint of pain and clicking on her temporomandibular joints. A panoramic radiograph showed bilateral bifid condyles Described with bifid condylar process varies from case to case, however in most cases are asymptomatic. The most common and predominant symptoms are temporomandibular joints sounds. The diagnosis of bifid condylar process is based on its radiographic appearance. Some researchers have indicated the necessity of imaging the anomaly by a second imaging method obtained in a different plane, in addition to orthopantomograph, and they have employed different techniques such as CT and magnetic resonance imaging. The bifid condylar process, and particularly the bilateral bifid condylar process, is a rare finding, the etiology of which remains uncertain. It is predominately an asymptomatic condition, discovered by chance on routine radiographic survey. The diagnosis is based on the radiographic manifestations and the treatment is usually conservative.
El proceso condilar bífido es una alteración rara que usualmente se diagnostica como un hallazgo incidental en una radiografía panorámica. La etiología de proceso condilar bífido es desconocida, aunque la teoría más aceptable es la de origen traumático. Una mujer de 46 años de edad, fue remitida a nuestro servicio dental con presencia de dolor y clic en sus articulaciones temporomandibulares. Una radiografía panorámica mostró procesos condilares bífidos bilaterales. La descripción del proceso condilar mandibular bífido varía de caso a caso, sin embargo en la mayoría de los casos son asintomáticos. Los síntomas más comunes y predominantes son los sonidos en las articulaciones temporomandibulares. El diagnóstico de proceso condilar bífido se basa en su aspecto radiográfico. Algunos investigadores han indicado la necesidad de proyección de imagen de la anomalía por un segundo método de imagen obtenida en un plano diferente, además de ortopantomografía, y han empleado diferentes técnicas como la tomografía computarizada y resonancia magnética. El proceso condilar bífido, y en particular bilateral, es un hallazgo poco frecuente, cuya etiología sigue siendo incierta. Es predominantemente una enfermedad asintomática, descubierta por casualidad en examen radiográfico de rutina. El diagnóstico se basa en las manifestaciones radiográficas y el tratamiento suele ser conservador.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Mandibular Condyle/abnormalities , Mandibular Condyle , Temporomandibular Joint , Radiography, Panoramic , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
The bifid condylar process is a rare anomaly. Most of the known cases are radiographic findings, mainly in ortopantomography and nuclear magnetic resonance. The condition is usually asymptomatic, while in some cases are associated with ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint. It is reported that the presence of bifid condylar process is not determined by age and gender, but the findings are among the ages of 3 to 67 years, with the average age of 35 years. The present report presents two cases of patients with abnormalities of condylar process detectable through radiographic examination.
El cóndilo bífido es una anomalía poco común. La mayoría de los casos que se conocen son hallazgos radiográficos, principalmente en ortopantomografía y resonancia nuclear magnética. La condición es usualmente asintomática, mientras que en algunos casos se asocia con anquilosis de la articulación temporomandibular. Se reporta que la presencia de proceso condilar bífido no es determinada por edad ni género, sin embargo los hallazgos figuran entre las edades de 3 a 67 años, teniendo como promedio de edad los 35 años. En el presente reporte se presentan dos casos de pacientes con anomalía de forma del proceso condilar detectables a través de examen radiográfico.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Middle Aged , Mandibular Condyle/anatomy & histology , Mandibular Condyle/abnormalities , Mandibular Condyle , Tooth Ankylosis/complications , Tooth Ankylosis/diagnosis , Tooth Ankylosis , Temporomandibular Joint/pathology , Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy/methods , Radiography, Panoramic/methodsABSTRACT
The aim of this study is to identify the species characteristics of the dog mastication compared to the human by analyzing 8 landmarks on the heads from seven beagle dogs. The masticatory unit of the dog was relatively located posterior than the human. The predominance of horizontally-oriented fibers of the temporalis of the dog was shown in spite of vertical mandibular movement. The biomechanics of the coronoid process and the temporalis of the dog revealed but not superiorly-elevating like the human backward rotating the coronoid process. The masseter was also obliquely -oriented and the temporalis was observed in distinct two-layers. In the dogs, the higher coronoid process compared to the condyle was observed; the vertical difference of them was larger than human. The temporalis performs stronger action than masseter and related with marked horizontal action of the temporalis. These morphologies indicated that the mastication of the dog needs strengthened horizontal stability and it was taken by the cervical muscles attached backwardly to the skull. Thickened temporalis is adapted in feeding. The dentition of dog was longer and farther from the condyle and the pterygoid muscles were not well-developed than human, indicated unfavourable lateral movement. These findings were consistent with evolutionary tendency, feeding without hands and narrow skull.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Humans , Biomechanical Phenomena , Dentition , Hand , Head , Mastication , Muscles , Pterygoid Muscles , Skull , Stomatognathic SystemABSTRACT
0.05)respectively.Conclusions:Treatment of condylar process fracture should be based on the type of the fracture.