ABSTRACT
Purpose: To assess the causes of visual impairment and blindness in children in all the schools for the blind in eight northeastern states and to determine its temporal trend, and to analyze the result with reference to various regional epidemiological data on childhood blindness in India. Methods: Children aged ?16 years, with a visual acuity of ?6/18 in the better eye, attending 17 schools for the blind were examined between November 2018 and March 2020. WHO protocol and reporting format was used for the evaluation, diagnosis, and classification of the causes. Results: Out of 465 eligible study participants, 93.76% were blind and only 12.26% of causes were avoidable. Anatomical causes of childhood blindness were whole globe (43.2%), cornea (17.20%), optic nerve (12.04%), retina (9.68%), and lens (9.46%). Etiological causes were unknown (52.69%), hereditary (26.02%), intrauterine (15.05%), and 26.08% had blinding congenital ocular abnormality (s). Regional temporal trend revealed a decrease in corneal and childhood causes and an increase in retina, optic nerve, hereditary, and intrauterine causes. Conclusion: A constellation of causes were differentiable but matched with the overall emerging trend of childhood blindness in India. Higher corneal, unavoidable, and unknown causes suggest a region?specific action plan for controlling childhood blindness as well as rehabilitation
ABSTRACT
Aim: This study aims at studying different congenital ocular and its adnexal anomalies over a period of twoyears in a tertiary care hospital and their association with embryological development.Materials and Methods: 75 eyes of 60 patients having congenital ocular anomalies as diagnosed byophthalmologists from June 2015 to June 2017 were included in the study. The demographic profile, perinatalhistory, associated systemic diseases were studied. The embryological development of all the anomalies hasbeen discussed in details.Results: Out of 60 patients, 35 (58.3%) were male and 25 (41.7%) were female. Bilateral involvement was seen ‘in14(23.3%). Nasolacrimal duct anomalies were found to be the most common (33.3%) followed by congenitalcataract(29.3%),coloboma of uveal tract(20.0%), microphthalmous (4.0%), anophthalmous (4.0%), persistentpupillary membrane (2.7%), congenital glaucoma(1.3%), congenital ptosis(1.3%), Heterochromia iridis (1.3%),coloboma of lids (2.7%) of total eyes. History of consanguinity was present in 13.13% and a history of maternalinfection during the antenatal period was found in 8.3%. Systemic involvement was seen in 6.06%.Conclusion: Proper knowledge of the developmental pathogenesis of congenital ocular anomalies is highlyimportant for correct diagnosis and early intervention. Preventive measures can be applied if history is takenproperly during evaluation of the patients.
ABSTRACT
Sturge-Weber syndrome is a rare congenital anomaly which includes facial port-wine stains with ipsilateral intracranial, hemangioma, ipsilateral choroidal hemangioma, and congenital glaucoma. The syndrome is thought to result from dysmorphogenesis of cephalic neuroectoderm. We report a case of Sturge-Weber syndrome combined with congenital ocular anomaly such as phthisis bulbi, corneal opacity, and iris anomaly.