Cigarette Beetles (Lasioderma Serricorne) Occurring in Plantago Seed / 日本東洋医学雑誌

In the pharmaceutical department of Iizuka Hospital, larvae of the cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne) were found in Plantago seed for the first time since the Department of Japanese Kampo Medicine started in 1992. The larvae grew into pupae and then adults. The plastic-packaged Plantago seed was left for about 3 months, during which several larvae and adult cigarette beetles appeared. Cigarette beetles are very common insects in summer and it is important that we store crude drugs in hard closed containers in our refrigerators. The larvae can bite strongly and puncture plastic packaging, however they cannot live under 15 ℃. Education of crude drug storage for patients is very important.

Radiational dose detection for natural uranium container port / 上海预防医学

Objective To determine the level of radiation dose in port workplace for loading and unloading natural uranium ore containers, and to provide a basis for occupational health management of the operators. Methods Workplace investigation was conducted to understand the loading and unloading process of natural uranium ore containers, operation time and frequency, etc. A radiation dose rate meter was used to detect the radiation dose rate at 5 cm from the outer surface of 168 natural uranium ore containers. At the same time, we selected one container and detected the level of dose rate at 5-200 cm away from each side surface of the 5 container surfaces except for the bottom side. Results The dose rate level at 5 cm at outer surface of 168 containers ranged from 27 μSv/h to 44 μSv/h, and the average dose rate level was 35.6 μSv/h. The average dose rate levels at 5, 30, 50, 100 and 200 cm were 21.3, 14.6, 11.3, 7.1 and 3.5 μSv/h, respectively. In normal operation, the personal exposure dose of port worker were estimated to be less than 580 μSv/a. Conclusion In normal operation, the dose rate level at any workplace on the outer surface of natural uranium ore container is far below the national standard limit.

Ter esperança: o futuro presente / To hope: the future present / Esperanza: el futuro presente

Este trabalho trata a esperança como uma disposição da alma ao mesmo tempo ativa e passiva, orientada à realização de um fim e ao acolhimento de um futuro desconhecido, mas já presente enquanto potencialidade. Relaciona a esperança à posição de ativa passividade da condição de gravidez, na qual existe uma espera voltada a uma hospitalidade absoluta e, ao mesmo tempo, à posição de passiva atividade da condição intrauterina, experiência primária do infinito no finito, na qual o conteúdo transforma o continente quando somos esperados antes de saber esperar. Formas verbais latinas e hebraicas, assim como verbos e substantivos do hebraico bíblico referentes ao ato de ter esperança, vislumbram esta direção sugestiva. Por outro lado, surge a experiência de desespero em relação à condição de exílio e ao nascimento enquanto expulsão do continente uterino. Para que seja superada, exige a intervenção de um socorrista que, com a sua presença, ajuda a reorganizar a esperança e, através dela, encontrar a possibilidade de ação vital. A esperança, que sustenta a responsabilidade, leva à colaboração livre e criativa para a vida (AU)

This work treats hope as an active and at the same time passive mood of the soul, focused in accomplishing something and welcoming an unknown future, yet present as potentiality. It places hope close to the position of the active passivity in pregnancy, in which there is an expectation of absolute hospitality. At the same time, it also brings it close to the position of passive activity of the intrauterine condition, the primary experience of infinity in the finite, in which the contained transforms the container, and it is expected before having learned to expect. Latin and Hebrew verbal forms, as well as verbs and nouns of Biblical Hebrew referring to the act of hoping, seem to reveal this suggestive direction. The experience of despair is instead connected to the condition of exile, to birth as being expelled of the uterine container. To be overcome, it requires the intervention of a rescuer who helps with its presence to reorganize hope and, through it, to find the possibility of vital action. Hope, which sustains responsibility, leads to free and creative collaboration in life.

Este trabajo vincula la esperanza a un estado de ánimo activo y pasivo al mismo tiempo, dirigido a lograr un objetivo y acoger un futuro que no se conoce, pero que ya está presente como potencialidad. La acerca a la posición de pasividad activa de la condición del embarazo, en la que hay una espera orientada para la hospitalidad absoluta. Al mismo tiempo, también la acerca a la posición de actividad pasiva de la condición intrauterina, la experiencia primaria del infinito en lo finito, en la que el contenido transforma el contenedor y en la que uno espera antes de saber esperar. Formas verbales latinas y hebraicas, así como los verbos y sustantivos del hebraico bíblico que se refieren al acto de tener esperanza, parecen vislumbrar esta sugerente dirección. En cambio, la experiencia de la desesperación está relacionada con la condición del exilio, con el nacimiento como expulsión del contenedor uterino. Eso requiere, para ser superado, la intervención de un socorrista que ayude con su presencia a reorganizar la esperanza y, a través de ella, encontrar la posibilidad de una acción vital. La esperanza, que sustenta la responsabilidad, conduce a una colaboración libre y creativa en la vida.

Poor outcomes of bone filling mesh container vertebroplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with vertebral body wall incompetence / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Bone filling mesh container vertebroplasty can effectively correct the kyphotic deformity of the vertebral body, restore the height of the vertebral body, and effectively reduce the rate of bone cement leakage. However, there are few reports on the poor prognosis of bone filling mesh container vertebroplasty in thoracolumbar compression fractures with vertebral body wall incompetence. OBJECTIVE: To discuss adverse outcomes of bone filling mesh container vertebroplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with vertebral body wall incompetence. METHODS: Totally 19 cases with osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with vertebral body wall incompetence, who were treated in the Tianjin First Central Hospital from April 2017 to October 2018, were enrolled in this study, including 3 males and 16 females, at the age of 60-86 years. The patients underwent bone filling mesh container vertebroplasty. Postoperative complications were recorded during follow up. Visual analogue scale score and Oswestry disability index were assessed. X-ray films were taken to measure the height of injured vertebral body and Cobb’s angle. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Clinical Research Project of Tianjin First Central Hospital (approval No. 2018N150KY). RESULTS And CONCLUSION: (1) All 19 patients were follow-up for 9-20 months. No death occurred during and after operation, and no severe complications such as pulmonary embolism, bone cement allergy or infection occurred. Among them, seven cases had poor prognosis, including five cases of bone cement leakage, four cases of above moderate pain and two cases of adjacent vertebral fractures. (2) Visual analogue scale score, Oswestry disability index, height of injured vertebral body and Cobb’s angle were significantly improved during the final follow-up in 19 patients (P < 0.05). (3) Results showed that poor outcomes of bone filling mesh container vertebroplasty for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures with vertebral body wall incompetence included bone cement leakage, adjacent vertebral body fracture, and postoperative pain. The operation should be carried out in strict accordance with the relevant operation specifications, and the relevant treatment and preventive measures should be made to minimize the occurrence of adverse reactions.

Mosquito density in rural Kerala: a study on the trend of Aedes larval indices over monsoon in a rural area of Thrissur district, India

Background: Dengue is one of the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral diseases in the world. Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector of dengue and Chikungunya. Entomological surveillance on Aedes mosquito has been standardized on different indices like House index, Container index, Breteau index. Larval indices are important predictors of outbreaks and are valuable in taking preventive measures. The objectives of the present study was to study the trend of larval indices over four months in selected wards of Kaiparambu Panchayat, Thrissur, Kerala, India and to identify the major breeding sources.Methods: A series of surveys were conducted from May to August of 2017 in Kaiparambu Panchayat under the field practice area of Amala Institute of Medical Sciences Thrissur. Houses were selected serially from 4, 5 and 6 wards with roughly 120 houses being covered each month.Results: A total of 489 houses were surveyed over 4 months. Overall, positive containers (with larvae) were present in 375 of 4055 potential containers showing a calculated House index (HI) is 44.4%, Container index (CI) is 11.5% and the Breteau Index is 76.7%. All three indices increased from May to June, peaked in July and dropped by August. Plastic containers were the most common source of breeding.Conclusions: The indices indicate risk even in the pre-monsoon season and there is a marked rise during monsoon. Hence, control measures need to be adopted during the pre-monsoon season so as to reduce the impact of the impending outbreak.

Effect of Storage Containers on the Microbial Load of Domestic Water from Three Sources Treated with Moringa oleifera and Citrullus lanatus Seed Powders

Aim: The effect of storage containers on the microbial load of domestic water from three sources treated with Moringa oleifera and Citrullus lanatus seed powders in Lekwesi, Abia State was assessed. Study Design: The jar test method was used for the treatments. One gram (1.0g) each of the plant seed (Moringa oleifera and water melon seeds) was weighed and was added separately into 1000 ml of water samples in the different storage containers (clay lined pots, iron/steel tanks and polypyrene plastic drums, respectively). The mixture was stirred rapidly for 3 minutes and allowed to stand undisturbed for 1 hour, after which the top water was decanted. Place and Duration of Study: Advanced Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Gregory University Uturu, from May to July, 2018. Methodology: Tenfold serial dilutions was used for processing of all the water samples, after which the volume of exactly 0.5ml of the water sample was planted on the media using the spread plate method and incubated appropriately and other standard microbiological methods were employed to determine microbial loads. Results: The river water samples had the highest microbial load of 1.2x103-2.0x108cfu/ml and were reduced to 1.8x107cfu/ml and 1.8x108cfu/ml by M. oleifera and C. lanatus seed powders after an hour of storage respectively. The well water samples had the least microbial counts of 0.9 x101-1.2 x104 cfu/ml, and were reduced to 0.5x101cfu/ml and 5.9 x103cfu/ml by M. oleifera and C. lanatus seed powders respectively. The potential pathogenic bacteria (TPPB) were reduced to 3.0 x102cfu/ml by M. oleifera, while C. lanatus was unable to reduce the TPPB after an hour. The microbial load decreased constantly within 24h in the various storage containers (steel, clay and plastic), but increased steadily from 72h to the 336h of post storage. The clay-lined and iron-steel pots maintained the same microbial counts after 4h post storage, but differed significantly after 24h, while the polypyrene plastic drum had the highest microbial count. There was absence of TPPB and Total Faecal Coliform Count (TFCC) in the well water samples after the treatment with M. oleifera. Conclusion: M. oleifera was found to be a better water treatment than C. lanatus, while the clay-lined pot served as the best domestic water storage container.

A study on mosquito density in rural Kerala before and after floods

Background: Mosquito borne diseases are a major public health problem in Kerala. Mosquito density assessed by larval surveys is easier and quicker to perform. The larval indices are an important practical predictor of outbreaks of mosquito borne disease and are valuable in taking preventive measures. This study is done to calculate standardized larval indices namely house index, container index and Breteau index and to identify the major breeding sources of mosquitoes in the residential environment in a rural of Thrissur, Kerala.Methods: A cross-sectional study selecting 80 houses from 1 wards of Konnikara village under Thrikkur Panchayath under the field practice area of rural training centre, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences Thrissur. Every water holding container indoors and outdoors was counted and searched for larval presence and noted on a pretested format.Results: In this study, 80 houses were surveyed in 2 days initially in June and in September. All the entomological indices were found to be above the critical level in the initial survey in June. House index=36% container index=44%; Breteau index=143% showing high chances for outbreaks of mosquito borne diseases. In September though the indices were very low house index 1.25% container index 2.77% and Breteau index.Conclusions: The area is prone for mosquito borne disease outbreaks like dengue fever and after interventions the vector indices and potential risks came down

Pathogenic microorganism contamination and duration of service time of medical waste sharps containers / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To understand pathogenic microorganism contamination status of medical waste sharps containers with different use time, explore the reasonable duration of service time of sharps containers, provide reference for the management of medical waste.Methods Twelve 2 L sharps containers on treatment trolleys in a tertiary first-class infectious disease specialty hospital were randomly selected, viral loads of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as bacterial colonies on inner and outer surfaces of sharps containers at different time points were detected, three unused sharps containers were taken as control at the same time.Results Sixty eluent specimens of outer surface and contents of sharps containers in trial group and control group were collected respectively at four time points (48 h, 72 h, 5 d, 7 d), no HIV and HCV were detected, and no HBV was detected in specimens of outer surface of sharps containers, HBV was detected in the eluent of contents in one sharps container 72 hours after the use, concentration of HBV was 2.20 E+01 IU/mL. Changes in bacteria in the eluent of used sharps containers: 100％ of the eluent of contents in sharps containers grew bacteria on the 5 th day after use, bacterial load of the eluent of contents in sharps containers on the 7 th day after use was incalculable. Bacterial load on the outer surface of sharps containers ranged from 1 to 9 CFU/cm2. No significant changes were observed in the inner and outer surfaces of all sharps containers, and no discomfort odor emerged.Conclusion With the storage time prolonged to 7 days, bacterial colonies on the outer surface of sharps containers didn't increase significantly, HIV, HBV and HCV were not detected. It is suggested that service time of sharps containers with small production of contents should not be set compulsorily at 48 hours (even if the contents in sharps container is less than 3/4 of storage capacity after 48 hours of use).

Application situation, existing problems, and improvement ideas of sharps containers / 中国感染控制杂志

Sharp injury is a common occupational injury occurs in hospital, it is also an important way for health care workers to be infected with blood-borne pathogens, standardized use of sharps containers can effectively prevent the occurrence of sharp injury.Sharps containers are widely used in China, but the specifications are limited and the products are single, there is still room for improving safety performance.In view of the problems existing in clinical use, Chinese scholars have made a lot of improvements on sharps containers.The author suggests that relevant units should consider the design concept of clinic to develop and popularize more reasonable safe sharps containers for clinical application, and take other comprehensive behavioral control measures, so as to effectively reduce the occurrence of sharp injury.

The design of the software system for the interpretation and guidance of drug locus related to drug treatment / 生物医学工程学杂志

Based on the pharmacogenomics theory, this study developed a software system for interpretation of drug gene loci and guidance on clinical safe medication with the purpose of providing clinical guidance on the safety and effectiveness of drug use through accurate and efficient detection and interpretation of drug gene loci. The system infrastructure was built on a service-oriented architecture (SOA) design and Docker container virtualization approach to achieve a rapid and automatic interpretation of genetic results and best available drugs. The front end was established on HTML5 and JavaScript to realize visualization of analysis results and user interaction. The system was tested and validated to show robust performance which is reliable in clinical use. It will show high impact on the development of pharmacogenomics and clinical practice of patients with personalized medicine.

Effects of Pre-analytical Variables on Cell-free DNA Extraction for Liquid Biopsy

BACKGROUND: Extraction of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is a key step for determining the quality of cfDNA-related molecular diagnostics. We evaluated the effect of sample containers and sample storage conditions on cfDNA extraction. METHODS: The cfDNA extraction using the MagMAX Cell-Free DNA Isolation Kit from five healthy controls and five lung cancer patients was evaluated according to the type of sample container and storage conditions: K2-EDTA container, <1, 6, 24, and 48 hr storage at 4℃ after immediate plasma separation; and Cell-Free DNA BCT container, <1, 3, 7, and 14 days stored at room temperature. Mutation analysis of EGFR exons 18–21 was performed. To assess the effect of a delay in centrifugation, EDTA whole blood samples from five healthy individuals were stored at 4℃ for 6, 12, and 24 hr before plasma separation. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the amount and nucleic acid size of cfDNA in both controls and patients with cancer when EDTA plasma was stored at 4℃ up to 48 hr. The amount and size of cfDNA in the BCT container were not different up to 7 days; however, the 14-day sample showed an increase in cfDNA concentration due to genomic DNA contamination. EGFR mutations were detected on EDTA containers up to 48 hr and with BCT containers up to 14 days. When EDTA whole blood was stored at 4℃ and plasma separation was delayed, the cfDNA concentration increased from 24 hr. CONCLUSIONS: The cfDNA extraction was affected by the sample containers and storage conditions.

An investigation of occupational exposure to welding fume, manganese, and manganese compounds in a large container manufacturing enterprise / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective@#To investigate the current status of the occupational hazards of welding fume, manganese, and manganese compounds in the welding environment of a large container manufacturing enterprise, as well as the status of occupational health examination of workers, and to provide a basis for improving the welding environment of this enterprise.@*Methods@#In August 2016, July 2017, and August 2018, convenience sampling was used to perform an on-site occupational hygiene survey of the welding workshop for three consecutive years, and welding fume, manganese and, manganese compounds (counted as manganese dioxide) were measured for their workplace exposure concentrations and exposure levels in workers. A comprehensive analysis was performed for the results of occupational health examination.@*Results@#Welding fume, manganese, and manganese compounds in the welding environment gradually increased from 2016 to 2018 (χ2trend=5.14 and 5.54, P<0.05). The maximum over-standard rate of concentration-short term exposure limit was 43.3% (13/30) for welding fume and 40.0% (12/30) for manganese and its compounds, and the maximum over-standard rate of time-weighted average concentration was 26.7% (8/30) for welding fume and 23.3% (7/30) for manganese and its compounds. Abnormalities were observed in the occupational health examination of welding workers in 2016-2018, among which respiratory system abnormalities (cough, expectoration, and wheezing), nervous system abnormalities (dizziness, fatigue, sleep disorders, amnesia, hyperhidrosis, and palpitations), and electrocardiogram abnormalities (bundle conduction block) had an incidence rate of above 10.0%, and the incidence rate of abnormalities on posterior-anterior X-ray high-kV chest radiograph was close to 8.9% (30/336) .@*Conclusion@#There is severe exposure to welding fume, manganese, and manganese compounds among workers in this enterprise, which cause great hazards to the health of workers. It is necessary to strengthen occupational health management, take measures to improve the welding environment, and enhance occupational disease prevention.

Comparing safekeeping practices in preventing microbial contamination of opened single-use ampules

@#<p style="text-align: justify;">As observed in today's health care setting, ampules, which are designed for single-use are still persistently reused when there is a drug left-over, in order to aid the patients lessen the cost of health care. Leaving the ampules exposed, covered with a micropore or cotton plug in the patient's immediate bedside are believed to be beneficial in controlling contamination. This study aimed to compare the practices in safekeeping of opened single-use ampules in a closed plastic container in two environments utilizing a 2 x 3 experimental factorial research design. The specimens were collected from 180 ampules' neck after 6 hours of exposure, which were then cultured; the resultant colony forming units were counted expressed in CFU/mL. The use of various practices in safekeeping, use of a closed plastic container and two environments were not significant in preventing contamination. Results demonstrated that none of the current practices in safekeeping was effective in controlling the number of microbial contaminants. Hence adherence to their nature, "single-use" must be advocated despite circumstance of having a drug left over.</p>

Compliance Policy for Expiration Date of Repackaged Drugs in America and Its Enlightenments for China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide references and suggestions for expiration date management of dismounted drugs in China.METHODS:The main contents about compliance policy for expiration date of repackaged drugs in America were summarized.The current situation and problems of expiration date management of dismounted drugs in China were analyzed to provide suggestions for standardizing expiration date management of dismounted drugs in China.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The compliance policy for expiration date of repackaged drugs in America contain determination principle of expiration date of repackaged drugs,repackaged container standard,etc.In contrast,the expiration date management of dismounted drugs in China is lack of specific standards and requirements;major issues are as follows as the concept of expiration date of dismounted drugs is ambiguous and container management is not standardized.It is suggested that relevant departments can refer to compliance policy for expiration date of repackaged drugs in America,define the method of determining the expiration date of the dismounted drugs,and standardize the standards and management of packaging containers so as to standardize expiration date management of dismounted drugs in China practically.

Urine sample collection methods for measuring urinary concentrations of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals and their comparison in pregnant women / 上海交通大学学报（医学版）

Objective · To compare urine sample collection methods for measuring urinary concentrations of phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals including bisphenol A (BPA),triclosan (TCS),and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP) in pregnant women.Methods· Urine samples were collected from women at late pregnancy by two methods:urine catheter and collection bag (n=176),urine collecting containers made of polypropylene (PP) (n=642).Urinary concentrations of BPA,TCS and 4-n-NP were measured with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)method.Confirmation experiment used PP containers,urine catheter and collection bags,as well as low-density polyethylene (LDPE) tubes and glass containers as both negative controls to collect urine samples from each of the 5 women.Results · Geometric mean (GM) of urinary BPA concentration collected by urine catheter and collection bags was 82.5 ng/mL (95％ CI 71.4-95.4 ng/mL),which was 63 times higher than that from PP containers (GM 1.3 ng/mL;95％ CI 1.3-1.5 ng/mL).Concentrations of urinary 4-n-NP and creatinine were similar between two collection methods.Confirmation experiment showed that urinary BPA concentration collected by urine catheter and collection bags was much higher than those collected by other three methods.Conclusion· In collection of urine samples for measuring phenolic chemicals,PP urine collection container as well as LDPE containers are adequate for use in epidemiologic studies,but urine catheter and collection bag is not.

Design of automatic cap opening device for specimen container in the specimen pretreatment system of biochemistry analyzer / 中国医学装备

Objective:To design a new automatic cap opening device consists of holding mechanism, open mechanism, improve mechanism, rotating mechanism and recycling mechanism in order to resolve the poor adaptability, complex structure and lower liability problem for specimen container in the biological specimen pretreatment system.Methods: This paper designed a automatic equipment to remove the rubber cap and screw cap. This equipment is compatible with the different specification specimen containers and the container cap, and the specimen container cap was stepped up and rotated with same power component.Results: The application of equipment has reduced the manufacturing cost and maintenance cost for specimen container, improved the system reliability, solved the current technical problems of the equipment, such as poor adaptability and lower liability. Conclusion: The design of equipment mainly adapts to CS-6400 series of automatic biochemical analyzer, and it can improve the detection efficiency of biological specimen, reduce the cross contamination and satisfy the practice necessity for clinical detection.

Microbial barrier effect of cotton cloth, non-woven fabric and disposable filter paper, as well as related parameters of cotton cloth / 中国感染控制杂志

Objective To compare bacterial blocking rate of different medical packaging material,as well as weight loss rate,tear strength,and abrasion resistance of cotton cloth with different times of washing.Methods According to test methods for sterile medical device packaging,bacterial blocking rates of cotton cloth,non-woven fabric,and disposable filter paper were tested.Weight loss test,tensile test,and abrasion resistance test of cotton cloth were performed to test weight loss rate,tear strength,and abrasion resistance of cotton cloth with different times of washing.Results In test for microbial barrier ranking of porous package material,the average bacterial blocking rates of double-layer new cotton cloth,double-layer old cotton cloth,disposable filter paper,and nonwoven fabric were 62.15％,31.39％,82.04％,and 89.71％ respectively;after cotton cloth was washed 30 times,the weight loss rate decreased by 1.22％,tear strength decreased by 6.70％,fabric-rubbing test revealed there was no pilling.Conclusion Bacterial blocking effect ranked as follows:non-woven fabric,disposable filter paper,doublelayer cotton cloth.After 30 times of washing,the weight loss rate and tear strength decreased,and bacterial blocking effect was worse than that of new cotton cloth.

Clinical application of percutaneous vertebroplasty assisted by bone filling mesh container for the treatment of spinal metastases complicated by posterior wall destruction of vertebral body / 介入放射学杂志

Objective To study the curative effect and safety of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP)assisted by bone filling mesh container for the treatment of spinal metastases with vertebral posterior wall destruction.Methods A total of 31 patients with spinal metastasis (43 metastatic vertebrae in total) received PVP with the help of bone filling mesh container.The primary tumors were definitely confirmed in all patients.Visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to evaluate the pain degree at one day before PVP,and at one and 3 days,one and 3 months after PVP as well as at the last follow-up visit.Oswestry dysfunction index (ODI)was adopted to assess patient's activity function status.The occurence of postoperative bone cement leakage was recorded.Results PVP was successfully accomplished for all 43 involved vertebrae,with a technical success rate of 100％.The mean preoperative VAS score was (8.2±0.4) points,which was decreased to (2.5±0.7) points in one day after PVP.The preoperative VAS scores were higher than all the postoperative VAS scores which were determined at one and 3 days,one and 3 months after PVP as well as at the last follow-up visit,and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05 for all).All postoperative ODI values were significantly lower than corresponding preoperative ones (P＜0.05).After the treatment,the patient's activity function status was obviously improved.Postoperative imaging examination,including DSA and CT,indicated that no serious leakage of bone cement was observed in all patients.Conclusion With the help of bone filling mesh container,the performance of PVP for spinal metastases with vertebral posterior wall destruction is safe and reliable.Clinical satisfactory analgesic effect can be promptly achieved and the patient's activity function can be effectively improved.

Effect of loading density of different rigid containers on wet package of orthopedic instruments in the orthopedics department / 现代临床护理

Objective To explore the effect of loading density of different rigid containers on wet package of orthopedic instruments in the department of orthopedics and to provide the basis for right loading of rigid container so as to ensure the success of the sterilization. Methods About 120 cases of orthopedic exotic instruments for knee surgery were selected from our hospital, according to size and weight of the knee surgery instrument and then evenly divided into Groups A, B, C, 40 pieces in each group. Each group for loading had the same length and width. In Group A, the loading was at 1/2 of the container height, in Group B, the loading was at 2/3 of the container height and in Group C the loading was 4/5 of the container height. The 3 groups were given high pressure steam sterilization, the sterilization temperature, sterilization time and drying time were the same, while biological and chemical monitoring was done. After sterilization, the three groups were compared in terms of the biological and chemical monitoring results as well as the incidence of wet pack. Results There were no significant differences between the 3 groups in the qualification rate of indicator cards and the biological monitoring after sterilization in the 5 kinds of packages among the 3 groups of rigid containers (P>0.05). The incidence of wet package in Group A was significantly lower than that of Group C (χ2=6.80, P=0.009<0.017), but no difference was found between Groups B and C ,Group B and C Group . Conclusions The loading density of different rigid containers affects the incidence of wet package of the orthopedic instruments. Our findings indicate that the loading of the instruments in a rigid container reaches the 2/3~4/5 height of the container, for it can reduce the incidence of wet package of orthopedic instruments.

Remoção da fração oleosa de embalagens de lubrificantes automotivos pós-consumo por drenagem gravitacional / Residual oil removal from used automotive lubricant packages by gravitational drainage

RESUMO: Este trabalho aborda a questão do gerenciamento de embalagens pós-consumo de lubrificantes automotivos, considerando as dificuldades inerentes à implementação do sistema de logística reversa - prática compulsória por força de lei (Brasil, Lei 12.305/2010) - e a ineficácia dos atuais métodos utilizados para remoção da fração oleosa residual, necessária ao reprocessamento do material plástico por reciclagem mecânica direta. Para determinar metodologia apropriada para limpeza dos frascos de lubrificantes foram conduzidos experimentos para avaliar a influência do aquecimento e da posição das embalagens durante o processo de drenagem gravitacional. O procedimento analítico realizado proporcionou a escolha de uma combinação de variáveis capaz de assegurar remoção de elevado teor do resíduo oleoso com menor gasto energético. A otimização foi feita utilizando um planejamento experimental do tipo composto central com triplicata no ponto central. Os dados obtidos nos ensaios foram analisados com recursos estatísticos e demonstraram que ambos os parâmetros avaliados interferem, de forma significativa, no processo em estudo. Os resultados apontaram aumento da eficácia do processo quando a drenagem é realizada em temperaturas superiores a 35ºC e com a embalagem inclinada em ângulos próximos a 70º em relação à horizontal. Nessas condições, percentuais de remoção de óleo residual superaram 95% após 35 minutos de drenagem.

ABSTRACT: This work addresses the management of automotive lubricants packages after lubricant use, considering the difficulties of implementing reverse logistics system - compulsory practice by virtue of Law (Brazil, Law 12,305/2010) - and the poor effectiveness of the current methods for removing residual oil from packages, which is required before reprocessing plastic material in direct mechanical recycling. Experiments were conducted in order to determine the appropriate methodology for cleaning the lubricant bottles, evaluating the influence of temperature and package position in the gravitational drainage. This analytical procedure elicited a combination of variables and conditions capable of improving the removal of oily residue with less energy. The experimental optimization was performed using a central composite model with triplicate center point. The test results were statistically analyzed and showed that both parameters have significant influence on the separation process. The data indicated that the process is more effective when the drainage is performed above 35ºC and the packaging inclined at angles close to 70º relative to horizontal. Under these conditions, the oil removal is greater than 95% after 35 minutes of drainage.