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Objective:To discuss the comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of iodine deficiency disorders prevention and control in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (Corps for short) using technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) and rank-sum ratio (RSR) methods, and identify weaknesses in the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders in the Corps at present.Methods:The monitoring data on iodine deficiency disorders in the Corps from 2014 to 2020 were collected from the Disease Control and Prevention Center of the Corps. Six indexes were selected, including the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt, the coverage rate of iodized salt, the qualified rate of iodized salt, the appropriate percentage of urinary iodine in children, the goiter rate of children and the appropriate percentage of urinary iodine in pregnant women. The TOPSIS method and RSR method were combined to comprehensively evaluate the prevention and control effect of iodine deficiency disorders in the Corps.Results:The results of TOPSIS method showed that the control effect was from superior to inferior in the order of 2020, 2018, 2016, 2019, 2015, 2017 and 2014. Based on the RSR method, the control effect was divided into three levels: 2018 and 2020 (with an estimated RSR value of ≥0.525) in the first level (good), 2014 (estimated RSR value < 0.007) in the third level (poor), and other years (0.007≤estimated RSR value < 0.525) in the second level (medium). Referring to the monitoring data, the appropriate percentage of urinary iodine in children and pregnant women in the middle years was the weak point. Conclusions:TOPSIS method combined with RSR method can accurately and reasonably evaluate the effectiveness of prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders in the Corps, the evaluation results are consistent with the actual situation. It is found that the appropriate iodine nutrition levels of children and pregnant women are the weak points in the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders in the Corps.
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Objective:To analyze the prevention and treatment of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County, Shaanxi Province, so as to provide basis for consolidating the results of Kaschin-Beck disease prevention and control and the treatment of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease.Methods:The epidemiological investigation of data and clinical data Kaschin-Beck disease from 1954 to 2022 were collected from the Fu County Institute for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control and People's Hospital of Fu County in Shaanxi Province, respectively. The retrospective study was used to investigate the prevention and control of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County through the adoption of comprehensive measures such as relocation, grain exchange, water improvement, conversion of farmland to forest and so on.Results:In 1954, there were 6 endemic townships and 127 endemic villages of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County, with a total population of 78 781. A total of 16 327 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 20.72%, including 5 434 patients without clinical symptoms. There were 5 850 patients with clinical grade Ⅰ, 3 725 patients with clinical grade Ⅱ and 1 318 patients with clinical grade Ⅲ. In 1975, the first general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in the whole county, with a total population of 101 341. A total of 9 575 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 9.45%, including 3 247 cases without clinical symptoms. Among the patients with symptoms, there were 3 704 cases of clinical grade Ⅰ, 2 006 cases of clinical grade Ⅱ and 618 cases of clinical grade Ⅲ. The patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were mainly local residents, accounting for 93.92% (8 993/9 575). In 1997, 27 320 students aged 7 to 16 years in 342 schools of 15 townships were examined and found that there were 169 cases without clinical symptoms with X-ray changes, only 2 cases with clinical grade Ⅰ, and the detection rate decreased to 0.63%. In 1997, Fu County began to encourage relocation and grain exchange to prevent Kaschin-Beck disease. The relocation targets were mainly the seriously ill villages with new cases among children and poor living conditions. By 1999, a total of 100 households and 469 people were relocated, and by 2020, 1 569 households and 5 334 people were relocated. In 1997 and 1998, measures were taken to improve water quality in 43 natural villages in 6 townships, with 1 591 households and 7 375 people benefiting. In 2010, a general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in 15 townships of Fu County, with a total population of 135 858, and 3 424 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 2.52%. There were 2 885 cases with clinical symptoms, including 1 584 cases with clinical grade Ⅰ, 1 024 cases with clinical grade Ⅱ and 277 cases with clinical grade Ⅲ. Among them, 32 561 minors under 16 years old were examined, and 49 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 0.15%, and all of them were clinical gradeⅠ patients. In 2014, a total of 73 600 people were surveyed in 170 endemic villages of Fu county, and 2 885 patients with Kaschin-Beck disease were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 3.92%. Compared with 2010, the number of patients with Kaschin-Beck disease increased zero, and there were no underage patients under the age of 16 for 4 consecutive years. By the end of 2016, 666.67 hm 2 of farmland had been converted to forest in Fu County, involving 9 townships (including communities), 33 administrative villages and 1 993 households. In 2018, another general survey of Kaschin-Beck disease was conducted in Fu County, with a total population of 157 362. A total of 2 308 patients were detected by X-ray examination, with a detection rate of 1.47%. Among them, there were 1 270 cases of clinical grade Ⅰ, 870 cases of clinical grade Ⅱ and 168 cases of clinical grade Ⅲ, and there were no patients with Kaschin-Beck disease under 16 years old in the county for 8 consecutive years (2011-2018). In the same year, 22 cases of Kaschin-Beck disease joint replacement were completed in Fu County, and by January 2022, about 60 cases had completed joint replacement. Conclusion:The prevention and control of Kaschin-Beck disease in Fu County has achieved remarkable results through comprehensive measures such as relocation, grain exchange, water improvement and conversion of farmland to forest.
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Objective To evaluate the construction effect of a national comprehensive prevention and control demonstration area for chronic diseases in a banner county in Inner Mongolia, and to provide a scientific basis for deepening the construction of the demonstration area and improving the formulation of chronic disease prevention and control strategies and measures. Methods Using the chronic disease nutrition monitoring data of residents aged 18 and over in a banner county in Inner Mongolia in 2015 and 2018, the prevalence, awareness, and management and treatment rates of the main chronic diseases of residents with different characteristics, as well as the changes in healthy behaviors and lifestyles were compared and analyzed. SPSS25.0 software was used for data analysis. The classification variables were mainly described by rate and composition ratio. The comparison of rates of various indicators between the two years was performed using 2 test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze statistical correlation between the continuous construction of the demonstration area from 2015 to 2018 and the various indicators. The test level was α=0.05. Results In 2015 and 2018, 621 and 600 residents aged 18 and above were investigated respectively. The prevalence of diabetes (8.17%) and the prevalence of dyslipidemia (28.13%) of residents in the demonstration area in 2018 were lower than those in the demonstration area in 2015 (12.08% and54.91%, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In 2018, the diabetes awareness rate (71.43%), diabetes treatment rate (71.43%), diabetes management rate (38.78%), and dyslipidemia awareness rate (51.50%) of residents in the demonstration area were higher than those in the demonstration area in 2015 (42.67%, 42.67%, 13.33%, and 31.09%, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). In 2018, the current smoking rate (20.83%) of residents in the demonstration area, the drinking rate within one year (31.67%), insufficient intake of fresh vegetables (51.00%), and excessive intake of edible salt (47.83%) were all lower than those of residents in the demonstration area in 2015 (30.43%, 45.57%, 71.18%, and 78.42%, respectively), and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the continuous construction of the demonstration area was statistically correlated with dyslipidemia (OR=0.31, 95%CI: 0.24-0.39), diabetes awareness (OR=3.92, 95%CI: 1.68-9.12), diabetes treatment (OR=4.53, 95%CI:1.75-11.70), diabetes management (OR=5.82, 95%CI: 1.94-17.52), awareness of dyslipidemia (OR=1.57, 95%CI: 1.04-2.38), current smoking (OR=0.60, 95%CI:0.44-0.82), drinking within one year (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.35-0.61), and insufficient intake of fresh vegetables (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.35-0.58). Conclusion The construction of a national demonstration zone for comprehensive prevention and control of chronic diseases can significantly reduce the prevalence of major chronic diseases among residents in a banner county in Inner Mongolia, improve the self-management level of patients with chronic diseases, and promote the development of healthy behaviors and lifestyles.
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Objective:To evaluate the effect of prevention and control measures to drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Qingdao, and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies.Methods:From 2019 to 2021, a full coverage surveillance was carried out in 1 146 villages in 7 drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis areas in Qingdao, including the operation status of the water improvement and fluoride reduction project, the water fluoride content in the villages, and the prevalence of dental fluorosis among children aged 8-12 years.Results:From 2019 to 2021, all the 1 146 affected villages in Qingdao had improved their water supply, and the rates of water fluoride exceeding the standard were 7.16% (82/1 146), 1.40% (16/1 146) and 3.84% (44/1 146), respectively, and the differences between years were statistically significant (χ 2 = 48.36, P < 0.001). The detection rates of dental fluorosis in children aged 8-12 years were 3.11% (803/25 856), 2.68% (629/23 460) and 3.00% (655/21 846), respectively, and the differences between years were statistically significant (χ 2 = 8.26, P = 0.016). The detection rate of dental fluorosis among children in villages with qualified water fluoride (2.85%, 1 986/69 565) was lower than that in villages with excessive water fluoride (6.32%, 101/1 597), with a statistically significant difference (χ 2 = 67.74, P < 0.001). Conclusions:From 2019 to 2021, the effect of prevention and control measures to drinking-water-borne endemic fluorosis in Qingdao is significant and the detection rate of dental fluorosis in children is low, the detection rate of dental fluorosis in villages with qualified water fluoride is significantly lower than that in villages with excessive water fluoride. In the future, we should continue to strengthen water fluoride monitoring and engineering maintenance to ensure that the water fluoride content continues to be qualified and effectively reduce the harm of fluorosis.
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Objective To evaluate the implementation and effectiveness of syphilis prevention and control in Hubei Province from 2011 to 2020, to summarize the experience and practice, to analyze the existing problems and causes, and to study and put forward policy and strategy suggestions, so as to provide reference for formulating the national “14th five-year plan” and carrying out the next step of prevention and control work. Methods The National STD Prevention and Control Management Information System, STD Prevention and Control New Media Health Service Platform, National AIDS Comprehensive Prevention Information System, and National Management Information System for the Prevention of AIDS, Syphilis, and Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B were used to analyze and evaluate the completion of main prevention and control indicators in Hubei Province. Results Among the 16 evaluation indexes, 10 indexes including the effectiveness of syphilis promotion and training for various groups of people, the proportion of pregnant women undergoing syphilis testing in the monitoring and testing work, and the effectiveness of syphilis prevention and treatment, all met the requirements of the plan. In addition, some of the 5 indexes failed to meet the requirements of the plan. Conclusion Hubei Province has fairly fulfilled the work requirements of the Plan. It is still necessary to strengthen the syphilis prevention and control to ensure the urban pregnant women infected with syphilis and their infants to receive standardized STD diagnosis and treatment services, and the drug users in the drug maintenance treatment clinic to receive free syphilis testing, and to provide referral services for the syphilis antibody positive patients at AIDS voluntary counseling and testing points.
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Objective:To investigate the prevention and control effect of hand， foot and mouth disease （HFMD） after entervirus （EV） 71 vaccine immunization， evaluate economic benefit of EV71 vaccine immunization，and provide evidence for developing HFMD vaccine immunization strategies． Methods:Descriptive analysis was performed on comparing epidemiological characteristics of HFMD before and after EV71 vaccine immunization. Cost-benefit analysis was conducted， in which disease burden of HFMD， coverage of EV71 vaccine immunization， and costs of EV71 vaccine immunization were collected to evaluate the benefit-cost ratio （BCR）. Results:The average incidence of HFMD was 202.17/10 million from 2017 to 2018， which decreased by 43.8% compared with the average of the previous six years（χ2 = 395.49，P<0.05）； the average proportion of severe case decreased by 88.7%（χ2=40.84，P<0.05）. The prevalence of EV71 in the outpatients from 2017 to 2018 were 2.56%（18/704）， which decreased by 88.7% compared with the previous six years（χ2=124.74，P<0.05）. The severe and fatal cases were mainly caused by EV71 （84.5% -100.0%）. The average cost of EV 1 vaccine immunization was RMB 526， which was approximately 30.2% of the average cost of HFMD diagnosis and treatment. Coverage of EV71 vaccine was 40.12% from 2017 to 2018 in Minhang. The total costs of EV71 vaccination in Minghang from 2016 to 2018 was 174.89 million RMB. It was estimated that EV71 vaccination strategies had prevented 2 491 outpatients， 232 ordinary inpatients and 54 severe cases. The BCR was determined to be 0.35∶1. Conclusion:EV71 vaccine may reduce the incidence of HFMD， the incidence of severe cases， and the disease burden. It is highly recommended to reduce the immunization costs to increase the immunization coverage.
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Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics, related factors and prevention and control effects of COVID-19 in Zaoyang City, and to provide references for the prevention and control of COVID-19 in the future. Methods Data on cases and their close contacts was collected using survey questionnaires. The data was summarized and the relevant factors were statistically analyzed with SPSS17.0. Results A total of 194 confirmed cases of COVID-19 were reported in Zaoyang City, including 4 deaths. The reported incidence was 17.13/100,000, and the case mortality rate was 2.06%. The onset of the first case to the last case lasted for 35 days. The peak incidence of local cases occurred 3-5 days after the peak of the imported cases. The average age of onset was 45.40 years, and the proportion of people aged 60 years and above was 16.49%. 46.39% of the cases had travel history in Wuhan and 27.32% had contact history back in Zaoyang. Among the close contacts, the incidence of the disease was highest between husband and wife as well as parents and children. There was no statistical significance in the incidence rate between those who traveled in a private car from Wuhan to Zaoyang with cases in the incubation period and those who did not. The cough rate of the first case in the family was significantly higher in cluster cases than that in sporadic cases. After the implementation of strict closed management, the course of the disease before admission was shortened by 2.2d, and the breakthrough cases accounted for only 12.50% of the local cases. Conclusion A history of living in Wuhan and a history of returning to Zaoyang with exposure were major risk factors. Family prevention could effectively reduce the incidence of the disease. Cases with cough symptoms were more likely to cause cluster outbreaks. The prevention and control measures in Zaoyang City are scientific, timely and accurate, which effectively controlled the occurrence of local cases.
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Objective By analyzing the epidemic characteristics and related indicators of SARS (2003) and COVID-19(2020), to explore the reasons for the similarities and differences of the two epidemics, so as to provide reference for epidemic prevention and control. Methods The general situation, clinical classification, activity history, contact history, family members’ contact and incidence of the two infectious diseases in Guangzhou were collected and used to analyze the time characteristics, occupational characteristics, age characteristics and other key indicators of the two diseases, including the number of cases, composition ratio (%), mean, median, crude mortality, etc. Results A total of 1 072 cases of SARS (2003) were included in the study. 353 of which were severe cases with the incidence of 30.13%. 43 cases of death were reported with a mortality rate of 4.01%. The average age was 46 years old, and 26.31% of the cases were medical staff. The interval time between first report to continuous zero reports was 129 days. As to COVID-19 (2020), a total of 346 cases were included. 58 of which were severe cases with the incidence of 16.67%. One case of death was reported with a mortality rate of 0.29%. The average age was 38 years old, and no hospital infection among medical staff was reported. The interval time between first report to continuous zero reports was 35 days. Conclusions The prevention and control strategies for COVID-19 (2010) are more effective compared to that of SARS (2003), and the emergency response procedures are worth to be evaluated and summarized.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control in Mianyang City in ten years after Wenchuan earth-quake, so as to provide the experiences for schistosomiasis control post-disaster. Methods The data of implementation of schistosomiasis control work in ten years after the Wenchuan earthquake were collected and analyzed for the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Mianyang City. Meanwhile, the awareness situation on schistosomiasis control of villagers and students was investigated by questionnaires in 2008 and 2015. Results All of the 6 counties (cities, districts) with schistosomiasis endemic in Mianyang City were hit by the earthquake disaster. After the disaster, the measurements including the conventional schistosomiasis control measures, the control of exogenous infection sources, the control of Oncomelania hupensis snails, and health education were carried out. The relevant departments of schistosomiasis control were cooperated to implement the prevention and control measures. The schistosomiasis prevalence of population and the snail condition rose in the year of the earthquake, but then declined year by year. In 2015, the awareness rates of schistosomiasis control of both villagers and the students were significantly improved compared with those in 2008. Conclusion The measures of schistosomiasis control after the earthquake disaster are effective in Mianyang City, and the goal to prevent major plague after the earthquake is achieved.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control in Mianyang City in ten years after Wenchuan earth-quake, so as to provide the experiences for schistosomiasis control post-disaster. Methods The data of implementation of schistosomiasis control work in ten years after the Wenchuan earthquake were collected and analyzed for the epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in Mianyang City. Meanwhile, the awareness situation on schistosomiasis control of villagers and students was investigated by questionnaires in 2008 and 2015. Results All of the 6 counties (cities, districts) with schistosomiasis endemic in Mianyang City were hit by the earthquake disaster. After the disaster, the measurements including the conventional schistosomiasis control measures, the control of exogenous infection sources, the control of Oncomelania hupensis snails, and health education were carried out. The relevant departments of schistosomiasis control were cooperated to implement the prevention and control measures. The schistosomiasis prevalence of population and the snail condition rose in the year of the earthquake, but then declined year by year. In 2015, the awareness rates of schistosomiasis control of both villagers and the students were significantly improved compared with those in 2008. Conclusion The measures of schistosomiasis control after the earthquake disaster are effective in Mianyang City, and the goal to prevent major plague after the earthquake is achieved.
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Objective To understand the schistosomiasis epidemic and control history in Jingxi City,so as to provide the ev-idence for improving the future work. Methods The data of schistosomiasis prevention and control work were collected and ana-lyzed comprehensively in Jingxi City from 1956-2015. Results From 1956,the schistosomiasis prevention and control work car-ried out,and in 1985,Jingxi City reached the standard of schistosomiasis transmission interrupted and no local schistosome in-fected residents and livestock were found for 36 years. In May 2016,the city reached the national standard of Schistosomiasis Elimination Assessment Review. The cumulative number of schistosomiasis detection of residents was 348801 person-times, and 10434 schistosomiasis patients were found. The cumulative number of schistosomiasis detection of cattle was 20674 head-times,and 590 schistosome infected cattle were found. The cumulative schistosomiasis treatment number of residents was 18739 per-son-times,and 512 cattle were treated. The cumulative detection area with Oncomelania hupensis was 65213.25 hm2 ,and 353.80 hm2 area with O. hupensis snails was found. Conclusions Jingxi City has reached the standard of schistosomiasis elimi-nation,but there is still recurrence of O. hupensis snails,and the imported infection source exists. Therefore,we should strength-en the monitoring of floating population.
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Objective To evaluate and compare the short-term effects of two kinds of plastic mulch on Oncomelania hupensis snail control in irrigation and drainage ditches with snails in Yunnan Province. Methods The irrigation and drainage ditches with high density of Oncomelania hupensis snails were chosen as the investigation sites,and then 4 groups were set,namely a colorless plastic mulch group,black plastic mulch group,colorless plastic mulch with molluscicide group and black plastic mulch with molluscicide group. The snail situation of the 4 groups was surveyed before the experiment and 7,14,21,30 days after covering plastic mulch,and the snail death rates were compared among the 4 groups. Meanwhile,the hourly temperatures of soil surface,soil surface under plastic mulch and soil layer 5,15 cm under the surface as well as the weather situation during the study period were measured and recorded. Results The average snail mortality rate of the colorless plastic mulch group was only 15.29% that was higher than that of the black plastic mulch group(6.56%)(P 0.05). Both kinds of plastic mulches could raise the temperature of the soil surface under plas-tic mulch and the soil layer below it,and the temperature of soil under the mulches increased over the cover time,and the aver-age temperature of the soil surface under the black mulch in 30 days was higher than that under the colorless mulch. Conclu-sion It is not suitable to use plastic mulch only in irrigation and drainage ditches with snails widely in Yunnan Province be-cause of its low effect,and if necessary,the molluscicide should be added.
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s] Objective To evaluate the effect of comprehensive schistosomiasis control measures with focus on total removal of cattle and sheep in Junshan District,Yueyang City. Methods The retrospective review and field survey were implemented in the pilot villages in Junshan District. The data of Schistosoma japonicum infection status of human,cattle,sheep and Oncome-lania hupensis snails,and density of snails were gathered and modeled in the period of 2006 to 2016. Results The prevalence of schistosome infection in residents in the pilot villages decreased from 3.44％ in 2006 to 0.59％ in 2012(F = 14.501,P =0.013). After removal of all the cattle and sheep in 2013,the prevalence of schistosome infection in the residents decreased to zero in 2016(F=14.148,P=0.033). The density of living snails decreased from 0.8833/0.1 m2 in 2006 to 0.3088/0.1 m2 in 2012(F=76.250,P=0.005). Conclusion The comprehensive schistosomiasis control strategy with focus on cattle and sheep removal is remarkably effective.
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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between milk intake and prevalence rates of chronic diseases using KNHANES data, and the significance of the relationship was tested based on meditators, socioeconomic status (income, education), dietary behaviors (smoking, alcohol drinking, breakfast, and eating out), and physical activity (walking, medium, and high). METHODS: Using the 5(th) and 6(th) survey data of KNHANES, milk intake rates and presence of seven chronic diseases were summarized and analyzed by ANOVA for two groups of adult men and women as follows: hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol, diabetes, abdominal obesity, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. The dependent variables for the presence of seven chronic diseases regressed with socioeconomic, dietary behavior, and physical activity variables according to Logistic models. The dependent variables for milk intake using predictor variables of socioeconomic, dietary behaviors and physical activity were analyzed according to Logistic models. Finally, the significant socioeconomic, dietary behavior, and physical activity variables in the above model along with milk intake as a control variable or mediator variable regressed with significant chronic diseases according to Logistic models. RESULTS: Milk intake, socioeconomic status, dietary behaviors, and physical activity were significantly different among the two groups of adult men and women, which were also critical factors to the prevalence of chronic diseases. The dependent variable for prevalence of chronic diseases regressed with significant factors of socioeconomic status, dietary behavior, and physical activity variables according to chronic diseases using the control or mediator variable of milk intake and summarized as follows: For adult men, milk intake controlled the education effect on diabetes partly, alcohol on hypertension and hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, breakfast on metabolic syndrome, eating out on obesity, and medium physical activity on hypertriglyceridemia. For adult women, household income on hypertriglyceridemia, diabetes, abdominal obesity, education level on hypertension, alcohol drinking, eating out, and walking activity on abdominal obesity, alcohol, breakfast, eating out, walking activity on low HDL-cholesterol, and medium physical activity on hypertriglyceridemia and low HDL-cholesterol were partly controlled by milk intake. Other significant socioeconomic status, dietary behavior, and physical activity variables related to prevalence of chronic diseases were fully controlled or mediated by milk intake. CONCLUSION: This study shows that milk intake (daily more than 200 g) prevents chronic diseases such as hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, abdominal obesity, and metabolic syndrome.
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Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Alcohol Drinking , Breakfast , Chronic Disease , Eating , Education , Family Characteristics , Hypertension , Hypertriglyceridemia , Korea , Logistic Models , Milk , Motor Activity , Nutrition Surveys , Obesity , Obesity, Abdominal , Prevalence , Social Class , WalkingABSTRACT
Objective To analyze the effects and influencing factors of community-based detailed management program for hypertension on the blood pressure control for hypertensive patients in communities so as to provide bases for improving the community-based detailed management mode for hypertension.Methods In accordance with relevant selection criteria, 400 hypertensive patients living in the Fenglin Community of Shanghai who were diagnosed with idiopathic hypertension at the year in question were randomly selected, and were separated into an intervention group and a control group, with 200 patients belonging to each group.Community health education was combined with individual guidance in managing the intervention group while the control group was managed via conventional hypertension grouping.The blood pressure control of these two groups before(Jan., 2007) and after(Jan., 2015) the intervention were compared.Results After the intervention, the average systolic blood pressure(SBP) and the average diastolic blood pressure(DBP) of the intervention group were below those of control group by 8.03 mmHg and 6.55 mmHg, respectively, which showed statistic significance(P<0.01).The intervention group was better than the control group in terms of rate of reaching target blood pressure, risk stratification and medication compliance (P<0.05);the main factors influencing the effect of blood pressure control were sex, body mass index, high salt diet and smoking.Conclusion The community-based detailed management program for hypertension in Shanghai has achieved remarkable effects in controlling the blood pressure of hypertensive patients, and is an efficient approach to help stabilize the blood pressure thereof.
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Objective To investigate the effect of fasting blood glucose control and its influencing factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in community.Methods 905 cases of patients with T2DM were collected in Rencheng District of Jining city according to the stratified cluster random sampling method.The general demographic characteristics and lifestyle of the subjects were collected by questionnaire survey,and the height,body weight,blood glucose,blood pressure and blood lipids were measured by physical examination.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors of blood glucose control.Results A total of 905 subjects were recruited in the analysis.74.70％ of the subjects were aged 35 years above.The proportion reaching the control criteria of the blood glucose,blood pressure and cholesterol was 71.27％ (645),29.83％ (270) and 26.74％(242) of the subjects respectively.The influencing factors for blood glucose control in the subjects were age,duration of disease,blood pressure,weight,diet condition and psychological states and treatment compliance,and the differences were statistically significant(x2 =7.58,23.18,7.08,5.22,5.46,5.16,5.65,all P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age and duration of disease were the risk factors of blood glucose control in patients with T2DM.Standard blood pressure control was the protective factor that affects the effect of blood glucose control (OR=1.430,95％ CI=1.015-2.015,P＜0.05).Conclusion The blood glucose control of T2DM patients need to be improved comprehensively in community.By strengthening the control of blood glucose and blood pressure,establishing good habits of life behavior and improving the ability of self management,patients with T2DM can improve their quality of life.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of malaria surveillance and control of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in 2013,and explore the suited surveillance and management of imported malaria cases,so as to provide the evidence for formulat?ing the scientific control measures of imported malaria. Methods The endemic data and control measures of malaria in Guangxi in 2013 were collected and analyzed statistically. Results A total of 1 251 malaria cases were found in Guangxi in 2013,with 88.25%(1 104 cases)of falciparum malaria,8.63%(108 cases)of vivax malaria,0.64%(8 cases)of quartan malaria,1.52%(19 cases)of ovale malaria,and 0.96%(12 cases)of mixed infection;93.21%(1 166 cases)were off?farm workers;96.56%(1 208 cases)were imported from Africa and mainly consisted of falciparum malaria cases;3.44%(43 cases)were imported from southeast Asia and mainly consisted of vivax malaria cases. The cases of imported malaria were increasing and the infection rate in 2013 was increased by 464%compared with that in 2012. Conclusion The imported malaria cases in Guangxi mainly come from Africa at present. Promoting the health education and professional skill of malaria control and treatment ,as well as the diagnosis and treatment of the patients in early time are important measures to control the imported malaria.
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Objective To evaluate the effect of schistosomiasis control in Gongan County,Hubei Province by longitudinal ob-servations so as to provide the evidence for formulating the schistosomiasis control strategy in lake and marshland regions. Meth-ods The schistosomiasis epidemic data in Gongan County from 2000-2013 were collected by the retrospective research method, and analyzed about the changing tendency of human and cattle infection rates,and Oncomelania hupensis snail situation. Re-sults The tendency of schistosomiasis epidemic situation was descended from 2000 to 2013. The human infection rate declined from 12.62%in 2000 to 0.69%in 2013. The decline scope of human infection rate was 24.1%in the first stage,64.4%in the sec-ond stage,and 73.0%in the third stage. Eight acute schistosomiasis cases were reported in the first stage,15 cases in the second stage,and none in the third stage. The cattle infection rate declined from 6.50%in 2000 to 0.30%in 2013. The rise scope of cattle infection rate was 74.2%in the first stage,but the decline scope was 75.0%in the second stage and 87.6%in the third stage. All the cattle were disposal at the end of 2013. The infection rate of snails,area with infected snails,and average density of living snails in the first stage increased by 18.1%,46.0%and 7.6%,respectively. The 3 indexes above-mentioned in the second stage de-creased by 76.8%,97.8%and 37.9%,respectively. In the third stage,the infection rate of snails and area with infected snails de-creased by both 100%,but the average density of living snails increased by 2.7%. The infected snails were found from 2000 to 2011,but none in 2012 and 2013. The infection rate of snails and area with infected snails dropped yearly,the infection rate of snails declined from 0.0007% in 2000 to 0.0002% in 2011,and the area with infected snails declined from 267.8 hm2 in 2000 to 6.37 hm2 in 2011. Conclusions After the implementation of the integrated schistosomiasis prevention and control strategy with the emphasis on infectious source control,the human and cattle schistosome infection rates decline significantly. Hereafter,it is necessary to prevent the schistosomiasis epidemic outbreak or rebound.
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ObjectiveTo study the influence of humanized management mode for infection consciousness and control effect of infection of medical staff. Methods90 medical staff from June 2010 to March 2011 were selected as research object,and they were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group with 45 cases in each group,then the infection consciousness,grasping situation of related knowledge and infection control effect of two groups before and after the management on the third and sixth month were analyzed and compared.Results The infection consciousness,grasping situation of related knowledge and infection control effect of the observation group after the management on the third and sixth month were all better than those of the control group,there were significant differences. ConclusionsThe humanized management mode plays an active role in improving infection related evaluation indices of hospital staff,and is also effective in control of infection.
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Objective To carry out a theoretical research on the rule that a mathematical model may play on predicting and evaluating the control effect of schistosomiasis japonica.Methods Barbour's two,host model was used to predict and evaluate the effect of different control measures by computer simulation.Pilot samples in two villages of Shanghai suburb in 1950s were applied for the analysis.Results When the prevalence was high,synchronous chemotherapy for human and cattle populations quickly reduced the indices of the infection.Mollusciciding provided positive impact on the effect of chemotherapy.Added with the environmental measures for snail control,the basic reproductive rate(BRR) and equilibrium prevalence in human and bovines were sustainably reduced and even reached an interruption of transmission.The effect of chemotherapy could be consolidated by the anti,fecundity vaccine for bovines.Satisfied control effect could also be obtained by chemotherapy in human and bovines combined with behaviour intervention for human and vaccination for bovines without snail control.In areas with lower levels of transmission velocity,BRR and prevalence,the effect of various interventions was better than that obtained in areas with higher levels of the above three infection indices,and the disease control could be easier.Conclusion The Barbour's mathematical model can be used to roughly predict and evaluate the effects of schistosomiasis control measures.