ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: Los fallos prevenibles en la cadena del medicamento se relacionan con los Problemas Relacionados con la Utilización de Medicamentos, y están asociados a errores de medicación (prescripción, dispensación, administración o uso), incluyendo los fallos en el Sistema de Suministro de Medicamentos (disponibilidad y calidad). Objetivo: Identificar información básica de los Establecimientos Farmacéuticos (EF), caracterizar algunos procesos relacionados con la utilización de medicamentos fiscalizados (MF), incluyendo cumplimiento de la normatividad, y determinar el nivel de percepción del riesgo y las necesidades de educación continua del personal farmacéutico (PF). Metodología: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal. Se utilizó un cuestionario sobre los procesos enfocados en la utilización de MF, durante mayo a septiembre de 2016. Resultados: Se visitaron 700 establecimientos y se encuestaron a igual cantidad de PF. El 88% (617) de los establecimientos eran de estratos socioeconómicos bajo y medio. Los MF más dispensados fueron: amitriptilina 91,4% (640), tramadol 90% (630) y trazodona 60% (419). El 71,6% (501) de los encuestados consideró que el expendedor de drogas es el personal más idóneo para dispensar MF. El 25% (177) de los encuestados percibieron como muy deficiente a regular el proceso de información y educación que ellos brindan, y el 32% (223) con igual percepción en la responsabilidad que tienen con el uso y resultados en salud de los pacientes. Conclusiones: Se identifica la información general de los establecimientos, al igual que de los procesos relacionados con la utilización de MF. La percepción de los encuestados sobre el personal idóneo para la dispensación correcta de MF podría ser inadecuado. Un alto porcentaje del PF percibe falencias de educación enfocada en la utilización correcta de los MF.
Abstract Introduction: Preventable failures in the drug chain are related to Drugs Problems Related Use and are associated with medication errors (prescription, dispensing, administration or use by the patient or caregiver), including failures In the Medication Supply System (availability and quality). Objective: Recognize basic information of the Pharmaceutical Establishments (PE), to characterize some processes related to the use of controlled drugs (CD), including compliance with the regulations, and determine the level of risk perception and the continuing education needs of the staff pharmacy. Methodology: A cross-sectional, epidemiological study was performed. A questionnaire was used on the processes focused on the use of CD, between May to September of 2016. Results: 700 PE were visited and an equal number of staff pharmacy were interviewed. Eighty-eight percent (617) of PE are socioeconomic low and medium status, and have an average of 15.3 years of operation (SD 13.6 years). The most favored CD were: mitriptyline 91.4% (640), tramadol 90% (630) and trazodone 60% (419). 76.6% (536) of the respondents considered that the Pharmacy Technician is the most suitable personnel to dispense CD. 25% (177) of the respondents perceived as very poor to regulate the process of information and education that they provide, and 32% (223) with equal perception in the responsibility that they have with the use and results in patients' health. Conclusions: It identifies the general information of PE, as well as of processes related to the use of CD. The perception of respondents about the SP that is suitable for the correct dispensing of CD may be inadequate. A high percentage of the SP perceives educational failures focused on the correct use of CD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Drugs of Special Control , Pharmacists , Pharmacy , Drug Utilization , Products CommerceABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To study the development and status quo of controlled drugs control in Britain,and to provide evi-dence for narcotics and psychotropic substances(NPS)control in China. METHODS:The development and status quo of NPS con-trol by Britain were summarized and studied through retrieving and collecting literatures,reports and policies about NPS from do-mestic and foreign databases,news reports and international website. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:British control for controlled drugs dated back to Pharmacy Act in 1868,and Britain was the first country to control drugs by legislations. A unique British sys-tem of narcotics control was established and improved after issued Rolleston Report and two pieces of Brain Report in Britain. Final-ly,the British system of narcotics control was established,which combined public health prevention with judicial redress. At pres-ent,controlled drugs are classified and controlled by Advisory Committee on Drug Abuse,Serious Organised Crime Agency and National Drug Abuse Treatment Agency subordinated to Ministry of Interior,based on Misuse of Drugs Act.
ABSTRACT
Los objetivos de este trabajo son: Determinar la prevalencia y tipo de psicofármacos recetados por los médicos residentes del Hospital Central del Instituto de Previsión Social (HCIPS), establecer la frecuencia con que se prescribe el psicofármaco, comprobar la correlación de familiares y profesionales consumidores de fármacos controlados y conocer la preparación académica legal sobre la prescripción de fármacos controlados por los médicos residentes del HCIPS. Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, descriptivo de corte transversal. Se estudiaron 100 médicos residentes del H.C.I.P.S seleccionados aleatoriamente. Los datos fueron obtenidos de una encuesta anónima. Se encontró que: 48% era de sexo masculino y 52% femenino, el 79% refirió recetar fármacos controlados y el 21% negó haber recetado fármacos controlados. De las respuestas afirmativas refirieron recetar benzodiacepinas 99%, antidepresivos 32%, opiáceos 10%, hipnóticos y antipsicóticos 61%. De los que negaron recetar psicofármacos sólo el 19% afirmó estar al tanto de la Ley del Control de Drogas en el país, a diferencia del 81% que no la conoce. De los que si recetan fármacos controlados sólo el 40 % conoce la existencia de la ley y el 60% la desconocen. De los que recetan, el 45% refirió tener al menos un familiar que consume regularmente psicofármacos a diferencia del 55% que negó tenerlo. El 9% de los médicos afirmaron consumir psicofármacos y el 91% niega su consumo. De los que recetan el 32% lo hace más de cinco veces al mes, 39% al menos una vez a la semana, 20% al menos una vez cada tres meses, 8% cada seis meses y 1% al menos una vez al año. Se concluye que los médicos egresados de las diferentes universidades omiten en porcentaje alto la observancia de las leyes y consecuentemente se encuentran expuestos a penalizaciones ante las transgresiones de las normativas vigentes. Palabras claves: Psicofarmacos, Prescripción, Fármacos controlados
The aims of this study are: determine the prevalence and type of psychopharmaceutical drugs prescribed by the residents at the Hospital Central of the Instituto de Prevision Social (HCIPS), establish the frequency of these prescriptions, look at the correlation between patients and health care providers regarding the consumption of controlled substances and to study the legal and academic preparation regarding this type of drug prescription by the medical residents of the HCIPS. This is a prospective, observational and cross sectional study. We randomly selected 100 medical residents from the HCIPS. Data was obtained from anonymous survey: 48% males, 52% females; 79% prescribed controlled substances and 21% did not. From the cohort that prescribed controlled substances: 99% prescribed benzodiazepines, 32% antidepressants, 10% opiods, and 61% hypnotics and antipsychotics medications. From the ones who refused to prescribe pshycopharmaceuticals, only 19% have knowledge about the "Controlled Substance Law" in Paraguay; 81% did not know about this law. From the ones who did prescribe these drugs, only 40% knew about this law and 60% did not know about it. Within the group that prescribed these drugs, 45% admitted that they have at least one relative that was using these drugs; 55% denies have any relatives using them. 9% of the physicians admitted to take these drugs and 91% denied their use. From the prescription group, 32% prescribe these drugs more than 5 times per month, 39% at least once a week, 20% once every three months, 8% every six months and 1% at least once a year. We concluded that physicians who graduate from different universities in Paraguay do not know about the laws related to controlled substances and they find themselves expose to be punish by breaking them. Keywords: psychotropic drugs, prescription, controlled drugs