ABSTRACT
Ceftriaxone, a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic is an important antibiotic used in the treatment of invasive infections caused by the certain bacteria such as the penicillin-resistant microorganisms like Staphyloccocus aureus, strains of S. pneumonia, S. aureus and Enterobacteriaceae , particularly among E. coli. There is increasing antimicrobial resistance of Ceftriaxone in particular against these strains of bacteria. This study has been conducted to formulate, evaluate and optimize chitosan coated ceftriaxone loaded microparticles with better efficacy and also observes the MIC against strains of bacteria. Emulsion crosslinking method was used for the formulation of microparticles of ceftriaxone by using chitosan as a polymer and glutraldehyde as a cross linking agent which is optimized by using Box-Behnken Design. Three independent variables were taken; effect of drug and the polymer ratio, effect of the stirring speed and effect of crosslinking agent and dependent variables were microparticles entrapment efficiency and the In vitro drug release. Following optimization of the formulations, physical characterization as well as entrapment efficiency and ultimately in-vitro evaluation was performed. Physical characterization include optical microscopy, SEM and DLS to check there physical properties. The method used for the formulation of microparticle had the optimum entrapment efficiency of 61.7% which was increase with the increase in the addition of the more amount of chitosan and glutraldehyde and method also achieved the good in vitro release. MIC studies of microparticles were done against Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli and it was found that the formulations showed decrease in MIC.
ABSTRACT
Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic drug shows low bioavailability due to extensive first pass metabolism and results in numerous side effects due to non targeted delivery. The present study was aimed to prepare and characterize olanzapine loaded chitosan nanoparticles for nose to brain targeting. The olanzapine loaded chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation of chitosan with tripolyphosphate anions. The formulated nanoparticles showed mean particle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential to be 183.1±8.42 nm, 0.122±0.08, +52.1±2.4 mV respectively. The entrapment efficiency and drug loading was found to be 72.42 ±3.65% and 26 .04± 2.12. In vitro drug release was showed a biphasic release pattern with initial burst release followed by sustained release of formulated nanoparticles. In vitro toxicity studies were carried out on RPMI 2650 human nasal epithelial cell line by MTT assay. The obtained result shows lower toxicity (high IC50 value) of nanoformulation as compared to free drug. Ex vivo histopathological studies were carried out by using excised goat nasal mucosa and the microscopic structure of nasal mucosa shows no significant harmful effects of formulated nanoparticles. These results illustrate that olanzapine loaded chitosan nanoparticles is a potential new delivery system for treatment of depressant when transported via olfactory nasal pathway to the brain.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To prepare the sulfadiazine silver collagen sheeting for burn(SD-Ag sheeting) and determine the release rate of sulfadiazine silver METHODS:To prepare the SD-Ag sheeting by cross-linking method and to determine the release rate by uniform design RESULTS:The release rate of SD-Ag from SD-Ag sheeting was (22 38?0 036)% CONCLUSION:The preparation of SD-Ag sheeting by cross-linking method was convenient The determining method was accurate,rapid and simple for the quality control of the SD-Ag sheeting