ABSTRACT
The South Asian populations have a mosaic of ancestries likely due to the interactions of long-term populations of the landmassand those of East and West Eurasia. Apart from prehistoric dispersals, there are some known population movements to India. Inthis study, we focussed on the migration of Jewish and Parsi populations on temporal and spatial scales. The existence of Jewishand Parsi communities in India are recorded since ancient times. However, due to the lack of high-resolution genetic data, theirorigin and affiliation with other Indian and non-Indian populations remains shrouded in legends. Earlier genetic studies onpopulations of Indian Jews have found evidence for a minor shared ancestry of Indian Jews with Middle Eastern (Jews)populations, whereas for Parsis, the Iranian link was proposed. Recently, in our high-resolution study, we were able to quantifythe admixture dynamics of these groups, which has suggested a male-biased admixture. Here, we added the newly availableancient samples and revisited the interplay of genes and cultures. Thus, in this study we reconstructed a broad genetic profile ofIndian Jews and Parsis to paint a fine-grained picture of these ethnic groups.
ABSTRACT
O objetivo principal deste artigo é elucidar aspectos teóricos básicos para uma compreensão da prática complexa do psicólogo clínico no contexto da reforma psiquiátrica, enfatizando a importância da cultura e do cotidiano. Essa prática implica uma interatividade colaborativa e continuada de caráter interdisciplinar e comunitário. Parte-se de um enfoque psicossocial que valoriza a dinâmica das redes sociais, a cooperação entre profissionais e desses com os usuários. Os aspectos discutidos são: experiência cultural; dinâmica entre oferta de serviço, demanda do usuário e dialógica relacional; sofrimento psíquico, cujo entendimento considera a visão de mundo e mitos culturais do usuário. Destacou-se que as regras informais e interpessoais tenderiam a influenciar o cotidiano do profissional, interferir nas decisões e nas mudanças institucionais. A dialógica relacional supõe uma ressignificação do sofrimento psíquico e da visão de mundo do usuário que passaria pela reinvenção dos mitos culturais excludentes referentes à loucura. Nas considerações finais, dá-se importância à desconstrução institucional como processo de inclusão social.
The main objective of this article is to clarify basic theoretical constructs about lhe complexity of clinical psychologist practice in the context of psychiatric reform, with an emphasis on lhe influence of everyday life and culture in therapeutic interventions involving community networks. This practice implies interdisciplinary collaboration and continuous interactions with lhe community. The psychosocial approach adopted highlights lhe dynamic of social networks and the cooperation between professionals and patients. The aspects discussed in this article are: cultural experience; the interactions involving mental health services, the demand of patients, and the dialogue in therapeutic relations; psychological suffering, whose understanding takes into account lhe patients' world vision and cultural myths. It was emphasized here that informal and interpersonal rules tend to influence lhe professionals' daily practice, and interfere with institutional decisions and changes. The dialogical communication in therapeutic interaction supposes patients' psychic suffering and world vision, which would require reinvention of cultural myths of social exclusion regarding madness. As final considerations, importance is given to de-institutionalization mental institutions as a process of social inclusion.