Systematic evaluation of the efficacy and safety of intravenous human immunoglobulin combined with cyclophosphamide in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To systematically evaluate the safety and effectiveness of intravenous human immunoglobulin （IVIG） combined with cyclophosphamide in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE）， and to provide an evidence-based basis for clinical medication. METHODS Retrieved from PubMed， Embase， Cochrane Library， CBM， CNKI and Wanfang database， randomized controlled trials （RCTs） about IVIG combined with cyclophosphamide versus cyclophosphamide alone based on glucocorticoids were collected. The quality of the included literature was evaluated with Cochrane 5.1.0 risk of bias assessment tool after literature screening and data extraction， and meta-analysis was performed by using RevMan 5.4 software. RESULTS A total of 13 RCTs were included， involving 842 patients. Meta-analysis showed that compared with cyclophosphamide alone， IVIG combined with cyclophosphamide improved the overall response rate of systemic lupus erythematosus [RR＝1.23， 95%CI（1.15， 1.32）， P＜0.000 01]， lowered the systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index [MD＝－2.05， 95%CI（－2.51， －1.60）， P＜0.000 01]， relieved 24 h proteinuria [MD＝－1.29， 95%CI（－1.57， －1.01）， P＜0.000 01]， reduced the inflammatory factor MCP-4 [MD＝－28.04， 95%CI（－32.72， －23.37， P＜0.000 01）]， IL-4 [MD＝－1.66， 95%CI（－1.96， －1.36）， P＜0.000 01]， and boosted immune complement C3 [SMD＝0.74，95%CI（0.34，1.14）， P＝0.000 3] and complement C4 [SMD＝0.99，95%CI （0.31，1.67）， P＝0.004]； it had similar incidence of adverse drug reactions to cyclophosphamide therapy alone [RR＝0.81， 95%CI （0.57， 1.17）， P＝0.26]. CONCLUSIONS Compared with cyclophosphamide alone， IVIG combined with cyclophosphamide has a positive role in improving the overall response rate of treating SLE， improving clinical symptoms， reducing inflammatory factors， improving immune function， but the results should be interpreted with caution.

Role of CypD-mediated mPTP in melatonin improving cognitive impairment induced by repeated exposure to sevoflurane / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the involvement of cy-clophilin D ( CypD ) -mediated mitochondrial permeability transition pore ( mPTP) in the neuroprotective effects of melatonin on cognitive impairment induced by repeated exposure to sevoflurane in newborn animals. Methods Mice were randomly assigned into control group, sevoflurane ( Sevo) group, and melatonin pre-treatment + sevoflurane ( Sevo + Mel) group. JC-1 kit was used to assess the mitochondrial membrane potential ( MMP) ; Western blot analysis was used to evaluate the protein expressions of CypD, postsynaptic density protein 95 ( PSD95 ), and Synapsin-1; and behavioral test were employed to measure cognitive function. Results The MMP level in the Sevo group was significantly reduced compared to the control group (P < 0. 01 ), the expression of CypD increased (P <0. 05), whereas the expression of PSD95 and Synapsin-1 decreased ( P < 0. 01) . Furthermore, the new object recognition index and spatial memory ability both exhibited a significant decline (P < 0. 01, P < 0. 05). However, when compared to the Sevo group, Sevo + Mel group could raise the MMP level (P <0. 01), increase the expression of synaptic proteins ( P < 0. 05 ), decrease the expression of CypD (P <0. 01) and elevate the new object recognition index and the spatial memory capacity ( P < 0. 01 ). Conclusions Melatonin could ameliorate cognitive impairment induced by repeated exposure to sevoflurane in newborn mice, and the underlying mechanism may be attributed to the inhibition of mPTP mediated by CypD and the promotion of synaptic protein synthesis.

Parks 3-step test

Background: The Parks 3-step test is an important test in the diagnosis of a single cyclovertical muscle palsy. Purpose: This video is presented to provide a simplified and easy understanding of the Parks 3-step test for post-graduate residents. Synopsis: The video contains a description of the steps to perform a 3-step test, the results of the test in a case of superior oblique palsy, the conditions that mimic a positive 3-step test, and how to identify these mimicking conditions. Highlights: This is a simple demonstration of a classic clinical diagnostic procedure.

Factores asociados con el parto domiciliario en el Perú: un análisis de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud 2019 / Factors associated with home birth in Peru: An analysis of the Demographic and Health Survey, 2019

Resumen OBJETIVO: Determinar la proporción y los factores asociados con el parto domiciliario en el Perú. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, transversal, analítico y cuantitativo efectuado en conglomerados de viviendas distribuidas en las capitales de los departamentos, ciudades urbanas y entornos rurales de Perú. Se utilizó una base de datos secundaria de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar (ENDES) del Perú del año 2019. Se optó por este diseño debido a que el desenlace (parto domiciliario) y la exposición (factores) se evaluaron simultáneamente durante la recolección de datos. RESULTADOS: De los 18,401 registros analizados, se estimó que el 5.39% (IC95%: 4.83-6.03%) de mujeres en el Perú tuvieron parto domiciliario; sin embargo, la proporción alcanzó 19.59% (IC95%: 17.26-22.17%) en el área rural y 17.85% (IC95%: 15.21-20.84%) en la selva peruana. CONCLUSIONES: La proporción de partos domiciliarios en el Perú durante el 2019 fue de 5.39%. Se identificaron determinantes que favorecen los partos domiciliarios: residir en la sierra o selva del Perú, en un área rural, tener menos de seis atenciones prenatales, ser pobre o muy pobre, tener estudios o solo haber alcanzado la instrucción primaria y tener 2 o 3 hijos. Un determinante que redujo la probabilidad de parto domiciliario fue el nivel de instrucción superior (universitaria o técnica).

Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the proportion and factors associated with home delivery in Peru. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional, analytical and quantitative study carried out in clusters of households distributed in Departmental capitals, urban cities and rural settings in Peru. A secondary database from the 2019 Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES) was used. This design was chosen because outcome (home delivery) and exposure (factors) were assessed simultaneously during data collection. RESULTS: Of the 18401 records analyzed, it was estimated that 5.39% (95%CI: 4.83-6.03%) of women in Peru had home births; however, the proportion reached 19.59% (95%CI: 17.26-22.17%) in rural areas and 17.85% (95%CI: 15.21-20.84%) in the Peruvian jungle. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of home births in Peru during 2019 was 5.39%; likewise, determinants favoring the occurrence of home births were identified, such as residing in the Peruvian highlands or jungle, in a rural area, having less than six prenatal care, being poor or very poor, having studies or only having attained primary education and, finally, having 2 or 3 children.

A Clinical Study on Post-operative Outcome in Perforation Peritonitis Patients with Reference to the History of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Use

Background: Perforation peritonitis is a commonly encountered surgical emergency and it is defined as inflammation of the serosal membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and the visceral organs. The objective of this study is to predict a correlation between post-operative outcomes in perforation peritonitis patients with reference to the history of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use. Materials and Methods: A total of 209 cases were studied with hollow viscous perforation peritonitis admitted in the surgical wards in Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital associated with S. S. Medical College, Rewa (M.P.), India, in the period from June 1, 2018, to May 31, 2019. All necessary investigations were carried out. X-ray, ultrasonography abdomen, and blood investigations were done. Patient underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy and a careful record of pre-operative and post-operative findings was made and was carefully filled in the pro forma. All the patients were advised to attend surgical OPD for follow-up. Results: Most of the patients (73.2%) of perforation peritonitis had a history of NSAID intake, out of which 81.6% recovered from the disease while mortality rate in perforation peritonitis associated with NSAID use was found to be 18.4%. Those patients with no history of NSAID use (26.8%) had a mortality rate of 9% while 91% of patients of perforation peritonitis were recovered from the disease. Conclusion: In this study, it is concluded that the outcome of the patients of the perforation peritonitis is not dependent on the history of NSAIDs use, but NSAIDs abuse is one of the etiological factors in the pathogenesis of the perforation peritonitis

Chemical constituents from n-butanol parts of Tinosporae sinenisis / 中草药

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from n-butanol parts of Tinosporae Caulis. Methods: The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-HPLC. The structures were identified by spectroscopic methods and physicochemical properties. Results: Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified from the n-butanol parts of Tinosporae Caulis as syringin (1), corchoionoside C (2), 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), cinnamol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 3,4,5-trimethoxylphenol-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), benzyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (6), syringic acid (7), 3,5-dimethoxybenzoic acid-4-O-β-D-glucoside (8), 1,4-dihydroxymethyl-2,5-dimethoxy benzene (9), 1-[2- (furan-2-yl)-2-oxoethyl] pyrrolidin-2-one (10), cordysinin B (11), lyciumide A (12), tyrosine (13), cyclo-(Leu-Ile) (14), (-)-episyringaresinol (15), and (+)-syringaresinol-4’-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (16). Conclusion: Compounds 2 and 9-14 are isolated from Tinospora genus for the first time.

Effect of Oral Administration of Diclofenac Sodium on Coagulation Factors and Some Hematological Parameters in Wister Rats

Diclofenac sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug often obtainable as a prescription drug or over the counter. It is very effective in the control of inflammation and pain due to arthritis or pains arising following many disease conditions becauseof its antipyretic, anti inflammatory and analgesic potentials. Despite the beneficial effects of diclofenac sodium, it has been implicated in some adverse effects. In this study, we examined the effect of acute and chronic administration of diclofenac sodium on some hematological (PCV, WBC differentials) and coagulation (prothrombin time, activated partial prothrombin time and platelets count) parameters of albino Wister rats using the standard methods. Twenty four Albino Wister rats were divided intothree groups of 8 rats and grouped as control, acute study and chronic study. The rats were administered 0.2 mg of diclofenac sodium for 24 hours for acute and 3 weeks for chronic studies respectively. The rats were sacrificed and blood collected for analysis of PCV, WBC differentials, prothrombin time, activated partial prothrombin time and platelets count using the standard methods. Results show that acute administration of diclofenac sodium at 0.2 mg has no effect on hematological and coagulation parameters, but chronic administration could instigate significant reduction in PCV, platelets count, neutrophils and monocytes (p<0.001), whilethere is a significant increase in PT, INR, lymphocytes (p<0.001). Considering these alterations, it is advisable that this drug should be made a strictly prescription drug in order to prevent indiscriminate use of this medication and to prevent attendant anemia and coagulopathy that may follow chronic use.

Cyclo-oxygenase-2 promotes migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB231 cells by regulating EMT / 中国肿瘤生物治疗杂志

@#Objective:To investigate the role of cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) in breast cancer metastasis and its possible mechanism. Methods: A total of 45 cases of primary breast cancer tissues and brain metastatic breast cancer tissues were collected from patients, who underwent mastectomy in Yunnan Cancer Hospital from October 2015 to April 2018, including 30 cases of primary lesions and 15 cases of brain metastasis. qPCR was used to detect the expression of COX-2 in breast cancer tissues and brain metastatic breast cancer tissues. Recombinant viruses with COX-2 over-expression (LV6-COX2) or COX-2 knockdown (LV3-COX2 shRNA1, LV3-COX2 shRNA2) were transfected into human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells; After obtaining the stable expression cell lines, the effect of COX-2 expression on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells was detected by CCK-8, and the effects of COX-2 expression on the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells were detected by scratch test and Transwell assay, respectively. The mRNAand protein expressions of COX-2 in each group were examined by qPCR and WB, respectively. The effect of COX-2 expression on the expression of EMT-related genes in MDA-MB-231 cells was analyzed by qPCR. Results: The expression of COX-2 in tissues of patients with brain metastases was significantly higher than that in patients with primary breast cancer tissues (P<0.01), and it was correlated with tumor TMN stage in breast cancer patients. MDA-MB-231 cell lines with stable COX-2 over-expression/knockout were successfully constructed. Over-expression of COX-2 promoted the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells (all P<0.01), and significantly increased the expressions of MMP2, MMP1, N-cadherin and vimentin (all P<0.01), but exerted insignificant effect on cell proliferation. The effect of COX-2 silence exerted the opposite effect and promoted cell proliferation (P<0.05). Conclusion: COX-2 is highly expressed in brain metastatic breast cancer tissues, which may promote the migration and invasion of breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by regulating EMT processes.

Study on secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Aspergillus ochraceus from Polygonatum cyrtonema / 中草药

Objective: To investigate the secondary metabolites of Aspergillus ochraceus, an endophytic fungus isolated from Polygonatum Cyrtonema. Methods: Compounds were isolated and purified from the EtOAc extract by using chromatography technology and their structures were established on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. Results: A total of 15 compounds were obtained and their structures were elucidated as 6,7-dihydroindolizin-8(5H)-one (1), polygonatine A (2), 8-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3-indolizinyl methyl acetate (3), 8-hydroxyketone (4), cyclo-(L-Leu-L-Ile) (5), alternariol (6), seco- patulolide C (7), n-butyl-β-D-fructopyranoside (8), Nb-acetyltryptamine (9), N-trans-cinnamoyltyramine (10), 5-hydroxy- methylfurfural (11), 5,7-dihydroxy-6,8-dimethyl-3-(4’-hydroxybenzyl) chroman-4-one (12), 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8- methoxy-3- (4’-hydroxybenzyl) chroman-4-one (13), 25R-3-β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-12-one (14), and 25S-3-β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-12-one (15). Conclusion: All chemical constituents are isolated from A. ochraceus for the first time.

New progresses of micro invasive glaucoma surgery / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

@#The Micro-invasive glaucoma surgery(MIGS)group of operations has been developed in the recent years to reduce some of complications of most standard glaucoma procedures such as trabculectomy. In order to increase the surgical effect, a new group of surgical manners has emerged that seeks to decrease IOP with lower associated rates of complications. The MIGS of the latest technique and devices are presented by three manners of reducing IOP: aqueous reduction surgery(Endoscopic Cyclophotocoagulation, Ultrasound Cyclo-Plasty); external filtering surgery(Implantation of EX-PRESS miniature glaucoma device, CANALOPLASTY); internal filtering surgery(Trabecular microbypass stent, Ab Interno Trabeculectomy). The article will summarize clinically relevant information of the glaucoma treatment and to describe indications, advantages and disadvantages of the MIGS.

Secondary metabolites from endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum isolated from Paeonia ostii / 中草药

Objective To study the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum form Paeonia ostii. Methods The fermentation liquor of the fungal strain F. oxysporum were isolated and purified using various chromatographic methods. The structures of the compounds were identified by spectrum analysis. Results Twenty-three compounds were isolated from the fungal and their structures were identified as (2S)-proline (1), (22E,24R)-ergosta-7,22-diene-3β,5α,6β-triol (2), cyclo-(S-Pro-S-Leu) (3), cyclo-(L-Ala-L-Pro) (4), cyclo-(Val-Pro) (5), cyclo-(R-Pro-S-Phe) (6), cyclo-(D-cis-Hyp-L-Phe) (7), cyclo-(trans-4-hydroxy- L-Pro-L-Phe) (8), cyclo-(Gla-Tyr) (9), cyclo-(trans-4-hydroxy-L-Pro-L-Leu) (10), L,L-cyclo-(Trp-Pro) (11), cyclo-(L-Leu-Gly) (12), N-(3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propyl)acetamide (13), indole-3-acetic acid (14), 2-piperidone (15), 2-pyrrolidinone (16), thymidine (17), (5S)-5-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-2,4-imidazolidinedione (18), (3S,6S)-3-(butan-2-yl)-6-(1-hydroxyethyl) piperazine-2,5-dione (19), cyclo-(Ala-Leu) (20), cyclo-(S-Pro-S-Phe) (21), cyclo-(Tyr-Pro) (22), and cyclo-(L-Phe-L-Tyr) (23). Conclusion With the exception of compounds 2, 6, and 14, the other compounds are isolated from the fermentation liquor of the fungal strain F. oxysporum for the first time.

Chemical Constituents from Periplaneta americana / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents from Periplaneta americana. METHODS: The 95% enthanol extract was isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH - 20, ODS and semi-PHPLC. All compounds were identified by chemical and spectral analyses. RESULTS: Fourteen compounds were isolated and purified from Periplaneta americana. Their structures were elucidated as salicylic acid (1), benzoic acid (2), phenylacetic acid (3), methyl 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (4), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), genistein (6), 3-hydroxybenzoic acid (7), methyl N-(2-hydroxybenzoyl) glycinate (8), 2, 5 -dihydroxybenzoic acid (9), (2-hydroxybenzoyl) glycine (10), uracil (11), cyclo(Val-Ala) (12), N-acetyldopamine (13), and cyclo( L-Pro-L-Tyr) (14), respectively. CONCLUSION: Compounds 2, 4, 7 - 10, 12 and 14 are obtained from this genus for the first time.

Chemical constituents from noni enzyme and their antitumor activities / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Noni enzyme (Morinda citrifolia L.) and their antitumor activities. METHODS: Compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques, including silica gel, TLC, sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC, and their structures were identified by their physicochemical properties and 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data. The in vitro antitumor activities of the isolated compounds were studied by MTT method. RESULTS: Sixteen compounds were isolated from Noni enzyme. They were xylogranatinin(1), pelargonic acid(2), 1,5,15-tri-O-methylmorindol(3), sesquipinsapol B(4), (+)-syringaresinol(5), pinonesinol(6), 3-methylhexahydropyrrolopyrazine-1,4-dione(7), (2S)-3′-hydroxybutan-2-yl-2-hydroxypropanoate (8), 3-(sec-butyl)-6-methylpiperazine-2,5-dione(9), cyclo-(L-Pro-L-Leu)(10), gentisic acid(11), vomifoliol(12), scopoletin(13), 3-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethoxyphenyl) propanoic acid(14), medioresinol(15), hydroxychavicol(16). CONCLUSION: Compounds 1-10, 12 and 14-16 are isolated from Noni enzyme for the first time. Compound 10 displays the stronger cytotoxicity against HepG2 and HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 23.73, 16.55 μg•mL-1. Compound 5 had a certain inhibitory activity against HeLa cells with an IC50 value of 47.12 μg•mL-1.

Establishment of HPLC fingerprints of Kangfuxin Liquid and determintion of six constituents / 中成药

AIM To establish the HPLC fingerprints of Kangfuxin Liquid (extract of Periplaneta americana L.) and to determine the contents of six constituents.METHODS The analysis of this drug was performed on a TOSOH TSK-GEL ODS column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.07％ acetic acid) flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm.RESULTS There were twenty-four common peaks in the fingerprints of ten batches of samples (Ⅰ-Ⅹ) with the similarities of 0.932-0.993 (except for sample Ⅰ).Uracil,hypoxanthine,xanthine,inosine,protocatechuic acid and Cyclo (Gly-Tyr) showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 3.460-173.0,3.960-198.0,3.596-179.8,1.338-66.9,3.672-183.6 and 3.552-177.6 μg/mL,whose average recoveries (RSDS) were99.8％ (2.65％),98.0％ (2.55％),99.7％ (1.59％),100.7％ (2.80％),102.0％ (2.09％) and 99.6％ (1.88％),respectively.CONCLUSION This accurate,stable and simple method can be used for the quality control of Kangfuxin Liquid.

O lazer nas diferentes fases da vida de centenários / Leisure at different stages of life of centenarians

O objetivo desse estudo é analisar o lazer nas diferentes fases da vida de centenários. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa e teve como participantes seis centenários (102,83±1,6) e seus respectivos cuidadores. O grupo foi selecionado a partir dos critérios de inclusão: ter idade igual ou superior a cem anos comprovada por documento, ter condições cognitivas preservadas e residir nos municípios da mesorregião Grande Florianópolis (SC). O instrumento utilizado foi o Protocolo de Avaliação Multidimensional do Idoso Centenário, sendo utilizados os Blocos 1, 3, 4 e 5. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Com relação às atividades realizadas no lazer, na infância as mais citadas envolviam movimento e na adolescência, destacaram-se as atividades sociais. Na fase adulta foram citadas atividades das categorias artística, social e turística, e, por sua vez, na velhice e na fase atual, observou-se a manutenção das atividades turísticas, ressaltando que, no decorrer da vida, observou-se uma diminuição considerável no lazer em todas as categorias.

The aim of this study is to analyze the leisure in the different stages of life of centenarians. This is a qualitative study and the participants were six centenarians (102,83 ± 1,6) and their caregivers. The group was selected from the inclusion criteria: age over than one hundred years attested by a document, have preserved cognitive conditions and reside in the municipalities of mesoregion Florianopolis (SC). The instrument used was the Multidimensional Assessment Protocol Elderly Centenarian, being used Blocks 1, 3, 4 and 5. The data were analyzed using content analysis. Regarding the activities at leisure in the most cited infancy and adolescence involved movement, stood out social activities. In adulthood were mentioned activities of artistic categories, social and tourism, and, in turn, in old age and in the current phase, there was the maintenance of tourist activities, emphasizing that in the course of life, we observed a considerable decrease leisure in all categories.

Efficacy of Indomethacin in Pharmacological Closure of PDA in Preterm Neonates: A Prospective Study from Tertiary Care Centre in Rural India

Background Patent ductusarteriosus (PDA) is a fetal shunt necessary for intrauterine survival of the baby, however its closure at birth occurs as pulmonary vascular resistance drops and lungs get expanded for participating in ventilation. However, PDA remains patent in a large proportion of preterm babies and by day -7, 87% of babies <24 wk gestation have a PDA which hinders in ventilation and causes ductal steal to vital organs. Hence, we aimed to study pharmacological closure of ductus in preterm babies. Aims and Objectives 1) To study the efficacy of COX inhibitor, Indomethacin in ductal closure in preterm babies <34 wk gestation. 2) To compare the symptomatology of PDA in different groups of preterm babies <34 wk GA. Methods A Hospital-based prospective study was conducted in tertiary care NICU.A total of 104 consecutive, eligible preterm babies <34 wk with echocardiographically documented PDA. Indomethacin (COX inhibitor) was administered orally in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg 12 h for 3 doses and the babies underwent Echo study in first 48 h, after2 days, 7days, and weekly thereafter till PDA closure. A second cycle of indomethacin was repeated if PDA did not respond to the initial treatment. Results 75/104 (72%) PDAs closed with indomethacin while 13(12.5%) did not respond, and 16(15.38%) showed a reduction in the calibre of PDA. 26–30 wk group showed a brisk response to ductal closure with indomethacin within 108.1±12.44 h, and a mean no. of cycles of indomethacin of 0.98±5.75. Conclusion With indomethacin we achieved 72% (75/104) closure rates. The best response to indomethacin was noted in 30–32 wk GA group, while maximum nonresponders were in 32–34 wk; suggesting as gestation increases, response to PG inhibitors decreases.

Fragmentation pathways of five characteristic diterpenoid compounds in Isodon coetsa / 中草药

Objective To study the fragmentation pathways of five 7,20-cyclo-ent-kaurane diterpenoid compounds (rabdocoetsin B, megathyrin B, rabdocoetsin A, enanderianin N, and megathyrin A) in Isodon coetsa. Methods The samples were analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS2). According to the fragment in MS2 of five compounds, the possible fragmentation pathways of these diterpenoid compounds were inducted. Results In negative mode, the typical fragmentation pathways of these compounds in high-quality areas were mainly loss of substituents on C-1, C-7, and the oxygen bridge on C-20. The fragmentation pathways were different as a result of the difference of the substituents on C-1. The fragment, which in medium and low quality areas, suggested that fracture order of these compounds were A ring to B and then to C ring. Conclusion The study on fragmentation pathways contributed to the structural identification of 7,20-cyclo-ent-kaurane diterpenoid compounds.

Study on secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Fusarium lactis from Dendrobium huoshanense / 中草药

Objective To study the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungus Fusarium lactis in Dendrobium huoshanense. Methods Compounds were isolated from the EtOAc extract by chromatography technology and their structures were elucidated on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. Results Twenty-one compounds were isolated and identified as N-phenethylacetamide (1), 1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde (2), thymidine (3), uracil (4), lignoren (5), uridine (6), hexahydrate (7), adenosine (8), cyclo-glycine-(L)-proline (9), cyclo (D)-proline-(L)-phenylalanine (10), cyclo (L)-proline-(L)-phenylalanine (11), 2-pyrrolidinone (12), N-methyl-2-pyrolidinone (13), cyclo-(L)-4-OH-proline-(L)-phenylalanine (14), brevianamide F (15), 3-methyl- piperazine-2,5-dione (16), 7,8-dimethylbenzo[g]pteridine-2,4 (1H,3H)-dione (17), cyclo (L)-tyrosine-(L)-phenylalanine (18), beer sterols (19), daidzein (20), and erythritol (21). Conclusion All compounds are isolated from Fusarium lactis for the first time.

Expressions of TREM-1 and COX-2 in rectal carcinomaand their relationship with prognosis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

Objective To detect the differences of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions in rectal cancer tissues and carcinoma adjacent tissues so as to explore the relationship between the two factors and clinical pathological characteristics and their effects on the patients` survival.Methods The expressions of TREM-1 and COX-2 were analyzed in 68 cases of rectal cancer tissues and 58 cases of carcinoma adjacent tissues with the method of immunohistochemical staining.We made a regular follow-up of the patients, analyzed the relationship between the two factors and prognosis of rectal cancer.Results The positive expression rates of TREM-1 and COX-2 in rectal cancer tissues were higher than those in carcinoma adjacent tissues (P<0.05).The expression of TREM-1 was related to lymph node metastasis, while COX-2 was related to pathological stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05).However, the two factors were not related to age, sex, histological differentiation or tumor size.The expressions of the two factors were positively correlated (r=0.550, P<0.001).The overall survival (OS) of TREM-1 and COX-2 positive expression groups was shorter than that of the negative groups (P<0.05).Cox multiple regression analysis showed that the expression of TREM-1, pathological stage, lymph node metastasis and tumor size affected the prognosis.Conclusion The expressions of COX-2 and TREM-1 in rectal cancer increase, suggesting that the two factors may promote the development and lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer, and the expressions of the two factors are related to the patients` poor prognosis.

Growth factors and cox2 in wound healing: an experimental study with ehrlich tumors / Avaliação dos fatores de crescimento e cox-2 na cicatrização de camundongos com neoplasia de ehrlich

ABSTRACT Background: Healing is an innate biological phenomenon, and carcinogenesis acquired, but with common humoral and cellular elements. Carcinogenesis interferes negatively in healing. Aim: To evaluate the histological changes in laparotomy scars of healthy Balb/c mice and with an Ehrlich tumor in its various forms of presentation. Methods: Fifty-four mice were divided into three groups of 18 animals. First group was the control; the second had Ehrlich tumor with ascites; and the third had the subcutaneous form of this tumor. Seven days after tumor inoculation, all 54 mice were submitted to laparotomy. All of the animals in the experiment were operated on again on 7th day after surgery, with resection of the scar and subsequent euthanasia of the animal. The scars were sent for histological assessment using immunohistochemical techniques to evaluate Cox-2 (cyclooxygenase 2), VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and FGF (fibroblast growth factor). Semi-quantitatively analysis was done in the laparotomy scars and in the abdominal walls far away from the site of the operation. Results: Assessing the weight of the animals, the correct inoculation of the tumor and weight gain in the group with tumoral ascites was observed. The histological studies showed that groups with the tumor showed a statistically significant higher presence of Cox-2 compared to the control. In the Cox-2 analysis of the abdominal wall, the ascites group showed the most significant difference. VEGF did not present any significant differences between the three groups, regardless of the site. The FGF showed a significant increase in animals with the tumor. Conclusion: Histological findings in both laparotomy scar and the abdominal wall showed that with Ehrlich's neoplasia there was an exacerbated inflammatory response, translated by more intense expression of Cox-2 and greater fibroblast proliferation, translated by more intense expression of FGF, that is, it stimulated both the immediate inflammatory reactions, observed with Cox-2 reactions, and late scarring by fibroblasts and FGF.

RESUMO Racional: A cicatrização é fenômeno biológico inato, e a carcinogênese adquirido, mas com elementos humorais e celulares comuns. A carcinogênese interfere de forma negativa na cicatrização. Objetivo: Avaliar as modificações histológicas nas cicatrizes laparotômicas de camundongos Balb/c sadios como controles, e com a neoplasia de Ehrlich, em suas diferentes formas de apresentação. Métodos: Foram utilizados 54 camundongos, divididos em três grupos de 18 animais cada um. O primeiro era controle; o segundo com a neoplasia de Ehrlich em sua forma ascítica; e o terceiro na forma subcutânea. Sete dias após a inoculação do tumor, todos os 54 camundongos foram submetidos à laparotomia e reoperados no sétimo dia de pós-operatório, com ressecção da cicatriz e posterior eutanásia. As cicatrizes foram encaminhadas para estudo histológico com técnicas imunoistoquímicas para avaliar Cox-2 (ciclo-oxigenase 2), VEGF (fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular) e FGF (fator de crescimento dos fibroblastos) e analisadas de forma semiquantitativana tanto na cicatriz laparotômica como na parede abdominal mais distante do local operado. Resultados: Avaliando o peso, observou-se a correta inoculação do tumor e o aumento de peso no grupo com a neoplasia na modalidade ascítica. Os estudos histológicos mostraram que os grupos com a neoplasia apresentaram maior presença da Cox-2 em relação ao controle, estatisticamente significante. No estudo da Cox-2 da parede abdominal foi o local em que o grupo ascítico apresentou a diferença mais expressiva. O VEGF não apresentou diferenças significantes entre os três grupos, independentemente do local estudado. O FGF teve aumento significante nos animais com neoplasia. Conclusão: Os achados histológicos encontrados tanto na cicatriz das laparotomias quanto na parede abdominal mostraram que com a neoplasia de Ehrlich houve resposta inflamatória exacerbada, traduzida por expressão mais intensa da Cox-2 e maior proliferação fibroblástica, traduzida por expressão mais intensa do FGF, ou seja, estimulou tanto as reações inflamatórias imediatas, observadas nas reações da Cox-2, como nas cicatriciais tardias com os fibroblastos e o FGF.