Three years follow-up report of two diffuse connective tissue disease cases caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: To report on two patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) combined with diffuse connective tissue disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection followed for nearly 3 years, in order to understand the long-term effects on the patients' immune system. Both patients were male, aged 81-82 years, and were hospitalized with fever on January 29, 2020 and February 10, 2020, respectively. Both were diagnosed with COVID-19 after positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. After receiving anti-infection treatment, cough suppressants, ex‐pectorants, and symptomatic supportive treatment, their body temperature returned to normal and two consecutive PCR tests were negative for SARS-CoV-2, and they were discharged from hospital. However, due to recurring fevers and varying degrees of rheumatic disease-related symptoms, both patients were readmitted to the hospital, indicating the presence of positive auto‐ antibodies and organ involvement. One patient recovered from COVID-19 with recurrent fever, joint pain, muscle aches and subcutaneous nodules, and was subsequently diagnosed with undifferentiated connective tissue disease. The other patient developed recurrent fever, mouth ulcers and rash after recovery from COVID-19 and was subsequently diagnosed with anti neutro phil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV). The patient was treated with glucocorticoids and immunosuppres sive drugs and the symptoms resolved rapidly and subsequent laboratory and imaging examinations showed stable condition. However, due to self-termination of medication, their symptoms quickly relapsed, and further treatment with glucocorticoids and immunosuppressive agents resulted in sustained stability of their condition. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate and hyper‐sensitive C-reactive protein remained within normal limits, and lung CT scans showed stable lesions with partial absorption.SARS-CoV-2 infection may have long-term effects on patients' immune systems, leading to abnormal immune responses and diffuse connective tissue disease. This suggests that regular follow-up observation of immune system-related diseases may be necessary for elderly patients with COVID-19.

Molecular genetic analysis of primary renal epithelial tumours with granular oncocytic cytoplasms / Análisis genético molecular de tumores epiteliales renales primarios con citoplasma oncocítico granular

SUMMARY: The group of primary renal tumours with granular-oncocytic cytoplasm is a very heterogeneous group, in its histological origin and biological behavior resulting in many diagnostic problems. In this study 57 renal epithelial tumours with granular oncocytic cells were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH), array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results of analysis in renal oncocytoma (RO) did not indicate the presence of the gene mutations or chromosomal abnormalities. Sporadic renal hybrid oncocytic/chromophobe tumours (HOCT) had multiple numerical aberrations of chromosomes 1, 2, 6, 9, 10, 13, 17, 20, 21 and 22. This type of tumour had no mutations in the VHL, c-kit, PDGFRA, and FLCN genes. Oncocytic papillary renal cell carcinoma (O-PRCC) had numerical abnormalities of chromosomes 7 and 17 and the loss of the Y chromosome. Cytogenetic analysis of 20 pigmented microcystic chromophobe renal cell carcinomas (PMChRCC) showed monosomy as the most frequent aberration in all analyzed chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 10, 13, 17 and 21. One case of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (ChRCC) with hyaline globules had a mutation in the distal part of exon 3 of the VHL gene. Absence of genetic disorders in usual RO is common result, but we have established absence of genetic disorders even in rare variants. Variety of genetic alterations detected in sporadic renal HOCT proves it to be a separate entity, not a variant of ChRCC, while PMChRCC is an uncommon variant of ChRCC. O-PRCC is a subtype of papillary renal cell carcinoma.

RESUMEN: El grupo de tumores renales primarios con citoplasma granular-oncocítico es un grupo muy heterogéneo, en su origen histológico y comportamiento biológico, resultando en problemas de diagnóstico. En el estudio se analizaron 57 tumores epiteliales renales con citoplasma oncocítico granular mediante hibridación fluorescente in situ (FISH), hibridación genómica comparativa de matriz (aCGH) y reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR). Los resultados del análisis en oncocitoma renal (RO) no indicaron la presencia de mutaciones genéticas ni anomalías cromosómicas. Los tumores oncocíticos / cromófobos híbridos renales esporádicos (HOCT) tenían múltiples aberraciones numéricas de los cromosomas 1, 2, 6, 9, 10, 13, 17, 20, 21 y 22. No se observaron mutaciones en este tipo de tumor en el VHL, c-kit, PDGFRA y genes FLCN. El carcinoma de células renales papilar oncocítico (O-PRCC) tenía anomalías numéricas de los cromosomas 7 y 17 y la pérdida del cromosoma Y. El análisis citogenético de 20 carcinomas de células renales cromófobos microquísticos pigmentados (PMChRCC) mostró que la monosomía era la aberración más frecuente en todos los cromosomas analizados 1, 2, 5, 10, 13, 17 y 21. Un caso de carcinoma de células renales cromófobo (CCRc) hialino tenía una mutación en la parte distal del exón 3 del gen VHL. La ausencia de trastornos genéticos en la OI habitual es un resultado común, pero hemos establecido la ausencia de trastornos genéticos incluso en variantes raras. Varias alteraciones genéticas detectadas en esporádica HOCT renal demuestran que es una entidad separada, no una variante de ChRCC, mientras que PMChRCC es una variante poco común de ChRCC. O-PRCC es un subtipo de carcinoma papilar de células renales.

Anticuerpos contra el citoplasma del neutrófilo y actividad clínica en pacientes cubanos con artritis reumatoide / Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies and clinical activity in Cuban patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Introducción: Los anticuerpos contra el citoplasma del neutrófilo se detectan normalmente en pacientes con vasculitis. Aunque estos anticuerpos pueden estar presentes en un amplio número de enfermedades asociadas a estados inflamatorios y autoinmunes, como la artritis reumatoide, no se ha demostrado su significado clínico. Objetivo: evaluar la utilidad de diferentes especificidades antigénicas de los anticuerpos contra el citoplasma del neutrófilo para medir la actividad clínica en pacientes cubanos con artritis reumatoide. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 77 pacientes cubanos con artritis reumatoide. Se determinaron la velocidad de sedimentación globular, la proteína C reactiva, el indicador clínico de actividad de la enfermedad, los anticuerpos anti-proteínas citrulinadas, el factor reumatoide y los anticuerpos contra el citoplasma del neutrófilo frente a diferentes especificidades antigénicas. Resultados: La mayor cantidad de pacientes con actividad clínica elevada (> 5,1) pertenecieron al grupo de pacientes positivos de anticuerpos contra el citoplasma del neutrófilo (p=0,0364). Los pacientes con anticuerpos anti-lactoferrina tuvieron mayores valores de actividad clínica (p=0,0304). Mediante análisis multivariado se demostró la influencia de la positividad de anticuerpos anti-lisozima (p=0,0391), de la positividad doble de los anticuerpos anti-proteínas citrulinadas y anti-lactoferrina (p=0,0282), así como de la doble positividad de los anticuerpos anti-proteínas citrulinadas y anti-elastina (p=0,0182) en la actividad clínica. Conclusión: La presencia de anticuerpos contra el citoplasma del neutrófilo que reconocen las especificidades antigénicas lisozima, lactoferrina y elastina se relacionan con mayor actividad clínica en pacientes con artritis reumatoide(AU)

Introduction: Antibodies against neutrophil cytoplasm are normally detected in patients with vasculitis. Although these antibodies can be present in a wide number of diseases associated with inflammatory and autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, their clinical significance has not been demonstrated. Objective: To evaluate the usefulness of different antigenic specificities of antibodies against neutrophil cytoplasm to measure the clinical activity in Cuban patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 77 Cuban patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, the clinical indicator of disease activity, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, rheumatoid factor, and antibodies against neutrophil cytoplasm against different specificities were determined. Results: The largest number of patients with elevated disease activity (> 5.1) belonged to the group of antibodies against neutrophil cytoplasm positive patients (p=0.0364). Patients with anti-lactoferrin antibodies had higher disease activity values ​​(p=0.0304). Through multivariate analysis, the influence of positive anti-lysozyme antibodies (p=0.0391), of double positivity of anti-citrullinated protein and anti-lactoferrin antibodies (p=0.0282), as well as that of double positivity of anti-citrullinated protein and anti-elastin antibodies (p=0.0182) on disease activity were demonstrated. Conclusion: The antibodies against neutrophil cytoplasm that recognize the antigenic specificities of lysozyme, lactoferrin and elastin are related to higher clinical activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(AU)

Tumor de las células de la granulosa del adulto / Adult granulosa cell tumor

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El tumor de células de la granulosa representa del 2 al 5% de las neoplasias del ovario. Su manifestación clínica no siempre es específica. OBJETIVO: Analizar el comportamiento del tumor de las células de la granulosa y aportar experiencia para su tratamiento. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 52 años, con proliferación de células de la granulosa con escaso citoplasma y núcleos ovoides, algunos de ellos con surcos prominentes, con patrón de crecimiento trabecular y difuso. La manifestación inicial fue un episodio de sangrado posmenopáusico que hizo sospechar la patología endometrial. La inmunohistoquímica reportó positividad para inhibina y débilmente positivo para alfa-fetoproteína, negativo para citoqueratinas de amplio espectro, EMA y cromogranina; ki-67: 5-10%. Se indicó histerectomía y doble anexectomía por laparoscopia y omentectomía. Con el diagnóstico de tumor de células de la granulosa estadio IC se indicó tratamiento coadyuvante con quimioterapia, 3 ciclos de bleomicina, etopósido y cisplatino. El seguimiento se efectuó con ecografía y concentraciones de inhibina B, que han permanecido en límites de normalidad en el control periódico. CONCLUSION: El tumor de células de la granulosa es de bajo grado de malignidad y diseminación preferentemente local. Su pronóstico es excelente, aunque debido a su recurrencia, años después del diagnóstico inicial parece razonable prolongar la vigilancia con exámenes físicos y el estudio de marcadores tumorales.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Granulosa cell tumor represents 2 to 5% of ovarian neoplasms. Its clinical manifestation is not always specific. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the behavior of granulosa cell tumor and to provide experience for its treatment. CLINICAL CASE: A 52-year-old patient with granulosa cell proliferation with scant cytoplasm and ovoid nuclei, some of them with prominent grooves, with trabecular and diffuse growth pattern. The initial manifestation was an episode of postmenopausal bleeding that raised suspicion of endometrial pathology. Immunohistochemistry was positive for inhibin and weakly positive for alpha-fetoprotein, negative for broad-spectrum cytokeratins, EMA and chromogranin; ki-67: 5-10%. Hysterectomy and double adnexectomy by laparoscopy and omentectomy were indicated. With the diagnosis of granulosa cell tumor stage IC, adjuvant treatment with chemotherapy was indicated, 3 cycles of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin. Follow-up was carried out with ultrasound and inhibin B concentrations, which have remained within normal limits in the periodic control. CONCLUSION: Granulosa cell tumor is of low malignancy grade and preferably local dissemination. Its prognosis is excellent, although due to its recurrence, years after the initial diagnosis it seems reasonable to prolong surveillance with physical examinations and the study of tumor markers.

Material Basis and Mechanism of Kaixinsan for Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Integrated Pharmacological Platform of Chinese Medicine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To explore the interrelation of "composition-target-disease" of Kaixinsan on treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Method: Through the integrated pharmacological platform of Chinese medicine V1.0,the active ingredients and potential targets of four Chinese herbs in Kaixinsan were collected,disease targets of Alzheimer's disease were searched,and enriched by the gene ontology database and the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes at hubs. Result: Among the 250 compounds of Kaixinsan,2 877 targets were associated with Alzheimer's disease.The key targets,such as mitochondrial trifunctional enzyme subunit alpha(HADHA),hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase(HADH),sterol-4-alpha-carboxylate 3-dehydrogenase(NSDHL) and others,played their pharmacological effects mainly through regulating purine and nucleotide metabolism,Huntington's disease,Alzheimer's disease,neurodegenerative diseases,oxidative phosphorylation,and endocrine and metabolic diseases in molecular reactions,such as cytoplasm,mitochondria,adenosine triphosphate binding,and mitochondrial matrix. Conclusion: The platform can predict the key targets and related pathways of Kaixinsan for treatment of Alzheimer's disease,which lays the foundation for further revealing material basis and mechanism of this formula,and plays an important role in digging and developing this classic and famous formula.

Analysis of the clinical characteristics of different serotypes of patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis / 中华风湿病学杂志

Objective This study was aimed to analyze the difference in the clinical features of patients with anti-proteinase-3 anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody (PR3-ANCA) and anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO)-ANCA associated vasculitis (AAV);and to discuss the risk factor of relapse.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 103 AAV patients who were diagnosed in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital from January 2010 to May 2016.Based on ANCA serotypes,patients were divided into PR3-ANCA positive,MPO-ANCA positive,both PR3-ANCA and MPO-ANCA negative groups.The difference between the PR3-ANCA and MPO-ANCA groups was analyzed The x2 test and t-test were used for statistical analysis.The Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors of relapse in AAV patients.Results This study included 103 cases of AAV patients,in which,79 (76.7％) patients were with MPO-ANCA and 23 (22.3％) were PR3-ANCA.The MPO-ANCA group had more coronary heart disease than PR3-ANCA group (x2=10.36,P=0.001).The MPO-ANCA group had more pulmonary fibrosis than PR3-ANCA group (x2=12.08,P=0.001).Logistic regres-sion analysis showed that the risk factors of relapse was increase of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) [OR(95％CI)=9.20(1.06,79.98),P=0.04].Conclusion AAV patients with positive MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA are different.

Clinical Value of Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis of Detection of Serum Inflammatory Bowel Disease Antibody Spectrum in IBD / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate clinical significance of diagnosis of the anti saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA), pancreatic acini antibody (PAB)resistance,resistance to small goblet cell antibody (GAB),anti neutrophil cytoplasm anti-bodies (ANCA)for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)and the differential diagnosis of ulcerative colitis (UC)and crohn's disease (CD).Methods Collected 200 cases of test group sets of inflammatory bowel disease,serum by indirect immunofluo-rescence (IF).Results In the serum of 200 patients,106 cases with positive or weakly positive.Among them,the positive ASCA/weak positive 24 cases,14 cases of PAB,GAB 63 cases,28 cases ANCA,and included in ASCA group respectively and PAB group,GAB group,ANCA group.Positive rate of ANCA and GAB in the diagnosis of UC were 34% and 58%. Positive rate of ASCA and PAB in the diagnosis of CD were 28.6% and 38.1%.ANCA associated with GAB detection in the diagnosis of UC specific degree was 60%,ASCA associated with PAB detection in the diagnosis of CD specific degree was 75%.Conclusion Serum inflammatory bowel disease antibody spectrum in ASCA,ANCA,GBA and PAB four antibod-ies of joint detection has important guiding value to the diagnosis of IBD,also can be used as one of UC and CD in the differ-ential diagnosis methods.

Expression of MDR1 and BAALC genes and its relationship with prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) and brain and acute leukemia cytoplasm (BAALC) genes and its relationship with prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML).Methods A total of 100 adults with newly diagnosed AML were enrolled in the study.All patients were treated with anthracyclines induced chemotherapy combined with cytarabine.The expression levels of MDR1 and BAALC genes were detected,and the relationships with the clinical characteristics of patients with AML,genetic type,therapeutic effect and prognosis were analyzed.Results There was no significant differences in white blood cells,hemoglobin and platelet between patients with high and low expression of MDR1 gene and BAALC gene (P>0.05).There were significant differences in the expression level of MDR1 gene between patients with different chromosome risk stratification (P0.05).After chemotherapy intervention,CR of patients with high expression of MDR1 gene was significantly lower than patients with low expression of MDR1 gene (60.78% vs.87.76%)(P0.05).Comparison of median overall survival (OS) and overall survival (OS) in patients with high and low expression of MDR1 gene.The difference was statistically significant (P0.05).Conclusion Compared with the expression of BAALC gene,the value of expression of MDR1 gene is higher in evaluating the curative effect in patients with newly diagnosed AML.Combined detection of MDR1 and BAALC genes can improve the accuracy in predicting the prognosis of patients.

New and probable ultrastructural criteria for identification of cytoplasmic sol ­ gel states / Nuevo y probable criterio ultraestructural para la identificación de los estados citoplasmáticos sol ­ gel

In embedment-free transmission electron microscopy without employing epoxy embedding media, the cytoplasmic matrix, in which cell organelles and elements including the cytoskeletons are held in place, lattices of strands are clearly and constantly disclosed in every cell. Their compactness is variable in different kinds of cells and in different domains of one and the same cell, and it is changeable under hypo- or hyper-osmolarity. In addition, the appearance of strand-lattices is duplicable in artificial proteins at different sol/gel states and concentrations. All taken together, a new and probable ultrastructural criteria has been proposed for identification of cytoplasmic sol/gel states with a hope that the dynamic properties of the cell is understood not only by the cytoskeleton but also by the sol/gel states of cytosolic proteins and their concentration in distinct association with cellular ultrastructural entities.

En microscopía electrónica de transmisión, la inclusión-libre sin el uso de medios de inclusión epoxi, la matriz citoplasmática (los orgánulos celulares y elementos, incluyendo los citoesqueletos) se mantienen en su lugar y las redes de hebras aparecen claramente y constantemente en cada célula. Su tamaño compacto es variable en diferentes tipos de células y en diferentes dominios de una y la misma célula, y es modificable bajo hipo o hiper-osmolaridad. Además, la aparición de redes de hebras es duplicable en las proteínas artificiales en diferentes estados de concentraciones sol / gel. En este contexto se ha propuesto un criterio ultraestructural nuevo y probable para la identificación de los estados sol / gel citoplasmáticos, con el objetivo de que las propiedades dinámicas de la célula se comprendan no solo a partir del citoesqueleto, sino también a partir de los estados sol / gel de proteínas citosólicas y su concentración en relación con una asociación indistinta con las entidades celulares ultraestructurales.

The strategy of diagnosis and treatment of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis / 临床儿科杂志

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody-associated vasculitis (ANCA) is an autoimmune disease with multi organ involvement characterized by vascular wall inflammation and fibrinoid necrosis, including microscopic polyangitis (MPA), granuloma polyangitis (GPA), and eosinophilic granuloma polyangitis (EGPA). Because its clinical manifestations are complicated and non-speciifc, it is dififcult to make early diagnose. In recent years, some new progress has been made in diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The article will review the related information.

Comparison of chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies / 中国免疫学杂志

Objective:To compare the performance of chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay ( CMIA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ELISA) for the determination of Anti-PR3 and Anti-MPO.Methods:Concentration of Anti-PR3 and Anti-MPO in serum samples from 166 patients with autoimmune diseases and 50 healthy donors were determined by using CMIA (Method A) and ELISA(Method B),respectively.The results from both assays were analyzed and compared by statistical methods .Results:Method A showed better intra-assay reproducibility and inter-assay reproducibility than Method B for the determination of high ,medium and low levels of control serum .Both methods met the accuracy requirement .The correlation coefficient of Anti-PR3 and Anti-MPO were 0.987 8 and 0.989 6 for Method A and Method B ,respectively.And the Kappa coefficients were 0.897 and 0.882 for Method A and Method B,respectively.Conclusion:The performance of Method A is superior to Method B for the deter-mination of Anti-PR3 and Anti-MPO, which makes Method A to be a potentially better choice for clinical application .

Serum TK1 and its relation to the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients with lung cancer / 中国肿瘤临床

Objective:This study investigated the positive detection rate of cytoplasm thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) in lung cancer patients and the relationship of TK1 with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Methods:Sensitive chemiluminescence dot-blot assay was used to detect serum TK1 levels in 73 lung cancer patients and 56 normal control subjects. Results:The positive detection rate of TK1 was elevated in the lung cancer patients compared with the controls (P=0.006). The positive detection rate of TK1 was also correlated with distant metastases, but not with other factors, such as smoking, sex, lymph node metastasis, and pathology types. The 2 year survival of the patients with negative TK1 detection was significantly longer than that of the patients positively detected with the marker (P<0.001). Conclusion:Serum TK1, a new tumor marker, has potential applications in the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer.

Clinical Significant of Detecting the Cytoplasm of Phospholipase A2αExpression in Patints with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease / 现代检验医学杂志

Objective To discuss the clinical significant of detecting cytoplasm phospholipase A2 alpha (cPLA2α)in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods Selected treated 90 cases of patients with COPD.According to the COPD severity classification standard,they were divided into mild group of 30 cases,moderate group of 25 cases and severe group of 35 cases.In the same period of physical examination,90 cases of normal lung function healthy were control group.Used Enzyme linked immunosorbent test (ELISA)to detect cPLA2αlevel of these groups.At the same time,detected cPLA2αexpression of these groups by RT-PCR.Results cPLA2αlevel in serum of mild group was (0.039 2±0.005 1)pg/ml,gene expression was (0.68±0.01),in moderate group (0.049 8±0.007 4)pg/ml and (0.92±0.02),in severe group (0.055 4±0.008 1)and (1.35±0.02).and in Healthy controls group (0.010 2±0.006 6)pg/ml and (0.11±0.01).There were significant differences among four groups (t = 3.013 ~ 5.817,5.039 ~ 11.667,P < 0.05).Conclusion Detection of blood cPLA2αcan indicate COPD severity,and cPLA2α is the new molecular targets of diagnosis,treatment and classifica-tion COPD.

Update on the Classification Criteria for Vasculitis / 대한내과학회지

The systemic vasculitides are a group of diverse diseases characterized by blood vessel inflammation. The existing classification criteria are intended to create homogeneous patient groups for research and not to diagnose individual patients. However, they have been misused as diagnostic criteria, in both practice and research. The existing classification systems for vasculitis are limited by the overlapping features of disease entities and unrecognized pathogenic mechanisms. This review discusses the benefits and limitations of the widely used American College of Rheumatology criteria and Chapel Hill Consensus Conference nomenclature, updated in 2012. Improved diagnostics, including antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) testing and imaging, argue for updating the established classification criteria. International efforts are underway to build a more effective classification and diagnostic criteria that reflect a better understanding of the pathophysiology of vasculitis and recent discoveries of genetics and biomarkers.

Differential expression of nucleus-cytoplasm transport receptor protein importin13 in limbal neoplasms / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background The study on normal stem cell markers provides a new way of thinking of that pathogenesis of cancer research and looking for specific markers of cancer stem cells.Importin13 (IPO13) is a novel nucleus-cytoplasm transport receptor protein of importin β family,the study on the biological behavior of IPO13 in ocular tissue and limbal neoplasms is lacking.Objective This study was to investigate the differential expression of IPO13 and p63 in human benign and malignant conjunctiva-cornea neoplasms.Methods The specimens of normal donor limbal and conjunctival tissues (6),conjunciva-cornea papilloma (CCP) (6) and conjunctiva-cornea intraepithelial neoplasia(CCIN) (6)were collected from Xiangya Hospital of Center South University.The expressions of IPO13 and p63 in the corresponding tissue were qualitatively and quantitatively detected using immunochemistry.The A values of IPO13 and p63 positive response were calculated and compared among the 3 types specimens.Results The immunohistostaining on frozen sections showed that IPO13 was expressed in nuclei of basal cells of limbal and conjunctival epithelium and the cellular nuclei of basal cells and suprabasal cells of CCP and CCIN epithelium.The A values of IPO13 positive expression were 1687± 1014,3546± 1375 and 7635 ±2854 in the normal limbal specimen,CCP and CCIN,respectively,showing a significant difference among them (F =7.23,P＜0.05),and the A value was higher in the CCP and CCIN than that in the normal limbal tissue (q =4.02,5.13,P＜0.05),and that in the CCIN was significantly elevated in comparison with CCP(q =3.45,P＜0.05).p63 was expressed in nuclei of basal cells and suprabasal of limbal,conjunctival and CCP epithelium,and was expressed in nuclei of the entire CCIN epithelium.The expressions of p63 in the normal conjunctiva-cornea tissue,CCP and CCIN were 2110± 1229,3966± 2129 and 6650± 2136 respectively,with significant difference among the three different specimens (F =6.17,P＜ 0.05),and the A value of p63 positive expression was significantly elevated in the CCP and CCIN compared with normal limbal specimen (q =4.33,5.01,P＜0.05),and that in the CCIN was significantly elevated in comparison with CCP(q=3.83,P＜0.05).Conclusions IPO13 is more specifical in marking the poorly differentiated cells in limbal epithelial proliferative lesions than p63.Compared with the normal limbal specimen,the expressions of IPO13 and p63 in CCP and CCIN specimens gradually upregulat,which suggests that IPO13 and p63 may play a positive regulatory role in conjunctiva-cornea proliferative lesions.The differential expression of IPO13 and p63 is predominant between benign and malignant limbal epithelial proliferative lesions,indicating that IPO13 and p63 may play an important role in regulating the abnormal proliferation and differentiation of limbal epithelial proliferative lesions.

To explain results of hepatocellular modeling in mongolians by non linear theory / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Bacground: Liver cancer is the 5th most common cancer worldwide with 500,000 cases diagnosed per year. It is a disease with a high death rate (14000-15000 per year). By the last news of national center of health development, liver cancer is first most common cancer in our country. Goal: To study and to compare volumetric modeling of hepatocyte’s cytoplasm, nucleus and stereometric indices in condition of comparatively healthy, acute intoxication, chronic inflammation, cancerous condition and clear cell tumor, and to explain by non linear theory.Materials and Methods: It was prepared sections for histometric materials. Linear measurements of hepatocytes and nucleus were carried out by computer microscope ‘Leica’ with program Diskus 3.2 version from GermanOn linear measurement in condition of comparatively healthy, acute intoxication, chronic inflammation, cancerous condition and clear cell tumor were processed by mathematic modeling. Results: In comparatively healthy condition the volume of the hepatocyte’s cytoplasm was determined 2140.73±19.97 mkm3, the volume of the hepatocyte’s nucleus was 295.19±2.60 mkm3, ration between hepatocyte’s cytoplasm and nucleus was 7:1 (P<0.001). In condition of acute intoxication the volume of the hepatocyte’s cytoplasm was determined 4281.36±77.83 mkm3, the volume of the hepatocyte’s nucleus was 895.00±13.42 mkm3, ratio between hepatocyte’s cytoplasm and nucleus was 5:1 (P<0.001). In condition of chronic inflammation the volume of the hepatocyte’s cytoplasm was determined 4887.84±75.72 mkm3, the volume of the hepatocyte’s nucleus was 888.65±12.46 mkm3, ration between hepatocyte’s cytoplasm and nucleus was 5:1 (P<0.001). In cancerous condition the volume of the hepatocyte’s cytoplasm was determined 3852.63±116.06 mkm3, the volume of the hepatocyte’s nucleus was 463.09±12.95 mkm3, ratio between hepatocyte’s cytoplasm and nucleus was 8:1 (P<0.001). In clear cell tumor the volume of the hepatocyte’s cytoplasm was determined 15062.69±348.41 mkm3, the volume of the hepatocyte’s nucleus was 801.05±22.56 mkm3, ratio between hepatocyte’s cytoplasm and nucleus was 19:1 (P<0.001). Conclusions:1. We have determined volume of hepatocyte’s volume and nucleus, ratio between cytoplasm and nucleus in condition of comparatively healthy, acute intoxication, chronic inflammation, cancerous and clear cell tumor.2. Volume of hepatocyte’s cytoplasm was increased 2.28 times, volume of hepotocyte’s nucleus was increased 3.01 times in condition of chronic inflammation and volume of hepatocyte’s cytoplasm was increased 1.99 times, volume of hepotocyte’s nucleus was increased 3.03 times in condition of acute intoxication. Also volume of hepatocyte’s cytoplasm was increased 1.79 times, volume of hepotocyte’s nucleus was increased 1.5 times in cancerous condition and volume of hepatocyte’s cytoplasm was increased 7.03 times, volume of hepotocyte’s nucleus was increased 2.7 times in condition of clear cell tumor.3. By the comparison between volumes of hepatocyte’s cytoplasm and nucleus in condition of comparatively healthy, acute intoxication, chronic inflammation, cancerous was determined medium direct correlation rather by the comparison between volumes of hepatocyte’s cytoplasm and nucleus in condition of clear cell tumor wasn’t determined correlation.

The Distribution of Cytoplasm and Nuclei within the Extra-radical Mycelia in Glomus intraradices, a Species of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi

Nuclear distribution within the extra-radical fungal structures and during spore production in the arbuscular mycorrhizae fungus Glomus intraradices was examined using an in vitro monoxenic culture system. A di-compartmental monoxenic culture system was modified using a nitrocellulose membrane and a coverglass slip for detailed observations. Nuclear distribution was observed using the fluorescent DNA binding probes SYBR Green I and DAPI. Both septate and non-septate mycelial regions were observed, but cytoplasmic contents were only found within non-septate mycelia. Nuclear fluorescent staining revealed that the non-septate hyphal region contained nuclei only with cytoplasm, and that nuclear distribution was limited by septa. Swollen hyphal bodies were often associated with septate and empty-looking hyphae. Cytoplasmic contents filled the swollen hyphal body from the non-septate hyphal region following removal of the septa. As a consequence, the swollen body developed into a new spore. These observations provide understanding about the distribution of AM fungal nuclei within extra-radical mycelia and during spore formation. The results suggest a mechanism by which the development of a cytoplasm-containing mycelium is controlled by the formation or removal of septa to efficiently maintain and proliferate essential contents. This mechanism may provide a survival strategy to the fungus.

Results of research study of mathematic model on hepatocytes in Mongolians / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

Background: Research of histo and cytometry in comparative healthy and pathological condition is not so much in our country. Therefore, it is making a demand to do stereometrical research study on tissues, cells and nucleus.Goal: To study and to determine stereometrical indices, mathematic model of hepatocytes and nucleus in condition of comparatively healthy, acute intoxication, chronic inflammation and cancer of Mongolians.Materials and Methods: It was prepared sections for histometric materials. Linear measurements of hepatocytes and nucleus were carried out by computer-microscope “Leica” with program Diskus 3.2 version from German. On linear measurement in condition of comparatively healthy, acute intoxication, chronic inflammation and cancer were processed by mathematic modeling.Results: Volume distribution of hepatocyte’s cytoplasm χ2st=15.51>χ2 F=4.31; (Pχ2 F=10.74 in comparatively healthy (normal) conditions pursues normal distribution formula, however, the volume of hepatocyte’s cytoplasm and nucleus follows Maxwell formula of abnormal distribution χ2 st=23.68>χ2 F=10.44; (Pχ2 F=6.90; (Pχ2 F=8.03; (Pχ2 F=4.32; (Pχ2F=19.68; (Pχ2F=3.82 incondition of cancer. There is no statistically significant difference (P<0.001) between observation and theoretical frequencies of average values of hepatocyte’s cytoplasm and nucleus volume, which confirms that the result is true and accurate.Conclusions:1. Volume of hepatocyte’s cytoplasm is 2184.18±36.98 mkm3 in comparatively healthy (normal) conditions, 4153.17±84.18 mkm3 in a condition of acute intoxication, 4887.84±75.51 mkm3 in a condition of chronic inflammation and 13143.88±4.29 mkm3 in a cancer condition. Volume of nucleus is 299.94±36.98 mkm3 in comparatively healthy (normal) conditions, 873.59±13.86 mkm3 in a condition of acute intoxication, 888.65±13.51 mkm3 in a condition of chronic inflammation and 2924.57±2.12 mkm3 in a cancer condition.2. Volume of hepatocyte’s cytoplasm was increased 2 times, volume of hepatocyte’s nucleus was increased 3 times in a condition of acute intoxication and volume of hepatocyte’s cytoplasm was increased 2.2 times, volume of hepatocyte’s nucleus was increased 2.9 times (P< 0.001) in a condition of chronic inflammation. However volume of hepatocyte’s cytoplasm was increased 6.5 times, volume of hepatocyte’s nucleus was increased 9.7 times in a condition of cancer.

Result of stereometric research study of cardiomyocytes in cardiovascular diseases / Монголын Анагаах Ухаан

In 2006, by the news of National Center of Health Development, morbidity of cardiovascular disease was 501.84 per 10000 people. It’s increased by 2 times than over 10 years.Goal: To study and to determine stereometric research, mathematic modeling and histologicalcharacteristic on cardiomyocyte of arterial hypertension (AH), acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and chronic rheumatoid fever (CRF).Materials and Methods: It was prepared sections for histometric materials from muscular of left ventricle. Linear measurement and number of cardiomyocyte per area of materials were carried out by computermicroscope “Leica” with program Diskus 3.2 version from German. On linear measurement of AH, AMI and CRF were processed by mathematic modeling. On ratio of cytoplasm and nucleus and histological characteristics were analyzed by chi-square testResults: Results of stereometric research on cardiomyocyte On AH volume of cardiomyocyte was 5788.22±40.99mkm3, volume of the nucleus - 806.47±12.86mkm3, ratio cytoplasm and nucleus 1:7 and number of cells per area was 10.On AMI volume of cardiomyocyte was 3240.94±48.96mkm3, volume of the nucleus - 693.85±12.76mkm3, ratio cytoplasm and nucleus 1:5 and number of cells per area was 16. On CRF volume of cardiomyocyte was 5341.06±63.4mkm3, volume of the nucleus - 801.5±15.96mkm3, ratio cytoplasm and nucleus 1:7 and number of cells per area was 11. In comparatively healthy condition at 20 to 30 years old population of Mongolia the volume of cardiomyocyte was determined 1063.17mkm3, volume of nucleus 406.69mkm3, ratio cytoplasm and nucleus 2.6 and number of cells per area was 31. Result of histological research of myocardial muscle. By the research of the difference between histological characteristic was confirmed that all of this characteristics have real main difference. Conclusions: It was confirmed difference with statistical probability by that determined volume of the cardiomyocyte 5788.22±40.99mkm3 in AH, 3240.94±48.96mkm3 in AMI and 5341.06±63.4mkm3 in CRF. Quantity of cells per area was in AH - 10, in AMI – 16 and in CRF 11, but in comparatively healthy condition it was 31.

Beta-amyloid affects retinoid receptor-α exporting into cytoplasm / 中华神经科杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of Alzheimer' s beta-amyloid (Aβ) on the production and the translocation in cytoplasm of retinoid receptor-α (RXRα). MethodsN2awt cells were treated with Aβ peptide or amyloid protein precursor(APP695) transfection. The nucleus were separated from the cytoplasm by kit. The quantity of RXRα in the nucleus and cytoplasm was detected by Westernblot. The translocation of RXRα in the nucleus and cytoplasm of above N2awt cells or of the cortex cells in the brains of Alzheimer' s disease (AD) patients and their normal control groups was observed by immune fluorescence. ResultsIn N2awt cells, the increasing APP or Aβ had no significant effect on the production of RXRα but resulted in RXRα exporting into cytoplasm, the ratio of RXRα in cytoplasm increased from 3.2％ (in control group) to 17.6％ (in APP+ group) and from 3.8％ (in control group) to 14.3％ (in Aβ + group) respectively; compared with normal cortex cells, the translocation of RXRα in the cytoplasm of the cortex cells in the brains of AD increased significantly. ConclusionAβ may affect RXRα exporting into cytoplasm.