ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the consumption of vegetables and fruits and related influencing factors among residents from the National Demonstration Areas of Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases.Methods From November to December,2016,a total of 4 000 residents,aged 18 or above,from ten Demonstration Areas,were selected as participants for this study by multi-stage cluster random sampling method.Information on vegetables,fruits consumption and related influencing factors was collected via questionnaire.Results A total of 3 891 residents were involved in the final analysis.Daily consumption of vegetables and fruits accounted for 72.1％ and 53.6％ of the residents under study.The residents who were aware of the National Demonstration Areas activities were more willing to have adequate intake of vegetables (OR=3.017,95％CI:2.426-3.753) and fruits (OR=1.261,95％CI:1.007-1.580).Residents with higher degree of participation activities of the demonstration areas were more likely to have adequate fruits intake (high degree:OR=1.431,95％CI:1.210-1.694;medium degree:OR=1.573,95％CI:1.315-1.882).Conclusions The implementation of the National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases has improved the adequate vegetables and fruits intake among residents.Relevant activities carried out in the Demonstration Areas appeared conducive to the healthy lifestyle of the residents.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the consumption of vegetables and fruits and related influencing factors among residents from the National Demonstration Areas of Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases.Methods From November to December,2016,a total of 4 000 residents,aged 18 or above,from ten Demonstration Areas,were selected as participants for this study by multi-stage cluster random sampling method.Information on vegetables,fruits consumption and related influencing factors was collected via questionnaire.Results A total of 3 891 residents were involved in the final analysis.Daily consumption of vegetables and fruits accounted for 72.1％ and 53.6％ of the residents under study.The residents who were aware of the National Demonstration Areas activities were more willing to have adequate intake of vegetables (OR=3.017,95％CI:2.426-3.753) and fruits (OR=1.261,95％CI:1.007-1.580).Residents with higher degree of participation activities of the demonstration areas were more likely to have adequate fruits intake (high degree:OR=1.431,95％CI:1.210-1.694;medium degree:OR=1.573,95％CI:1.315-1.882).Conclusions The implementation of the National Demonstration Areas for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases has improved the adequate vegetables and fruits intake among residents.Relevant activities carried out in the Demonstration Areas appeared conducive to the healthy lifestyle of the residents.
ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: In India, 14% of the population use smoked tobacco products. Increasing prices of these products is one of the measures to curb their consumption. AIMS: This study analyzes “unit price” and “daily consumption” of cigarettes and bidis and investigates their relation with each other. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross‑sectional survey was conducted in four states of India (Bihar, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra) as a part of the International Tobacco Control Policy (TCP) Evaluation Project (the TCP India Project) during 2010–2011. METHODS: Information was collected from adult (aged ≥15) daily exclusive smokers of cigarette/bidi regarding (a) last purchase (purchase in pack/loose, brand and price) and (b) daily consumption. Average unit price and daily consumption was calculated for different brands and states. Regression model was used to assess the impact of price on daily consumption. RESULTS: Bidis were much less expensive (₹0.39) than cigarettes (₹3.1). The daily consumption was higher (14) among bidi smokers than cigarette smokers (8). The prices and daily consumption of bidis (₹0.33–0.43; 12–15) and cigarettes (₹2.9–3.6; 5–9) varied across the four states. The unit prices of bidis and cigarettes did not influence their daily consumption. Smokers purchasing bidis in packs paid substantially less per unit and purchase of bidis and cigarettes in packs influenced their consumption positively. CONCLUSIONS: Cigarettes although more expensive than bidis, seem very cheap if compared internationally. Hence, prices of both cigarettes and bidis do not influence their consumption.