ABSTRACT
Foi avaliado um procedimento para o ensino de subtração a indivíduos deficientes mentais, por meio de relações ambientadas em tarefas de MTS. O primeiro passo consistiu nos testes das relações da classe ABC (relações quantitativas de 1 a 9) e FGH (operadores menos e igual). O segundo consistiu nos testes/treinos das relações entre as sentenças da classe IJK - falada (I), com conjuntos (J) e com algarismos (K) - para os valores de um a cinco. O terceiro passo consistiu nos treinos/testes, com valores de um a nove, das relações entre a sentença (classe IJK) e o resultado (classe ABC). Ao final, verificou-se a emergência de algumas relações em sessões de teste, sugerindo potencialidade para a aquisição de responder adequado a novas combinações de estímulos numéricos. Contudo, testes em outras populações e com outras operações aritméticas são necessários para analisar a aplicabilidade do programa no ensino de operações matemáticas.
A MTS procedure to teach subtractions involving equivalence class formation nets was evaluated to teach people with mental retardation.The firststepwas thetestsoftherelationsinvolved inthesubtraction operation - numerals from 1 to 9 (class ABC) and operators that composed the operation (class FGH). The second comprised tests/training of the relations between the sentences - spoken (I), with sets(J) and with algorisms (K) - to values from 1 to 5. The third step consisted on the training/tests of the relation between sentence (class IJK) and result (class ABC), to values from 1 to 9. The results showed that the procedure allowed the emergency of some relations in test sessions, suggesting its potentiality to the acquisition of adequate responding to new numerical stimuli combination. It is considered that the procedure must be tested in other populations using, besides mathematic, other arithmetic operations.
ABSTRACT
Background: The study of mental disablement characterization in Brazil is rare, specially in Northeast. Methods: A questionnaire has been applied in 32.73% of the institutionalized mental disabled' families in Jequié - BA. Data analysis have been done using descriptive statistics. Results: The individuals are 14.34 ± 7.55 years old and sex ratio of 0.38 (1F:2.6M). The average parental age was 38 ± 12.01 years old for the fathers and 29.87 ± 8.31 years old for the mothers. Existence of family history of mental disablement and congenitals defects in 27.78% and 5.56% (respectively) of the analyzed cases. Discussion: The predominance of males should be explained by various types of mental disablement associated to X chromosome. From the studied sample, it is not too obvious the relation between high parental age and mental disablement occurrence. The familiar recurrence of mental disablement and congenital defects is higher than in others studies. Conclusion: The analyzed data reinforce the need to investigate the genetic factors related to mental disablement and the perform cytogenetic tests of the individuals and their parents, for genetic counseling.