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1.
Br J Med Med Res ; 2016; 14(3): 1-8
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-182770

ABSTRACT

Aim: To evaluate sexual differences using demarking point and index of sexual dimorphism from the length of talus in relation to age among male and female north-eastern Nigerians. Study Design: Retrospective Study. Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Human Anatomy and Radiology, University of Maiduguri and University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH) respectively, Borno State, Nigeria between October 2010 to March 2012. Methodology: Three hundred and twelve (312) radiographs of adult north-eastern Nigerians (156 males and 156 females) with ages ranged from 20 to 69 years were measured. Radiographs used for this study were obtained from the collection of records unit of Radiology Department of UMTH in Borno State, Nigeria. Radiographic viewing box, erasable maker, meter rule were used for the measurements. Both female and male samples were grouped into two separate subsamples (right and left talus). Samples were classified into five (5) age groups which spanned ten years interval. The lateral views of the plain radiographs of the ankle were mounted on viewing box connected to a light source which gave good illumination. Antero-posterior length (APL) of the talus was measured as a linear distance between the most anterior point on the head of talus and the most posterior point on the body of the talus) using a calibrated meter rule. Results: The means of APL for males are all significantly greater than their female counterparts of the same age group. The results also show statistically significant (p<0.001) differences between the lengths of talus in males and females. The values of demarking points (DP) in males were higher than in females. The Index of sexual dimorphisms (ISDs) are greater than 100 which suggest that males have higher value over female counterparts. The result also show age related variation with male APL range from 5.82 cm at 60-69 years age group to 6.21 cm at 30-39 years age group; while female APL range from 5.27 cm at 60-69 years age group to 5.56 cm at 30-39 years age group. Conclusion: It was observed that the APLs of talus are sexually dimorphic; the DPs of male are all higher than those of female Counterparts. ISD also shows that, male APLs are greater than those of the female counterparts: because the ISDs were all greater than 100 at all age groups. However more studies are required in other part of Nigeria, so as to capture the racial variation of Nigeria.

2.
Int. j. morphol ; 31(1): 94-99, mar. 2013. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-676139

ABSTRACT

This study was carried out to derive empirical values and indices for which clavicles on a radiograph can be correctly sexed. 1000 radiographic left clavicles of adults of both sexes (500 males and 500 females) ranging from ages 25 ­ 60 yrs collated from the Radiology departments of University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital and The General Hospital Calabar, all in Southern Nigeria, were used in this study. The values obtained in this study showed that, the males had Sternal head length of 2.52±0.33 cm, Acromial head length of 1.66±0.25 cm, a mid shaft diameter of 2.01 cm and body length of 15.28±0.66 cm. The female Sternal head length was 2.18±0.37 cm, Acromial head length was 1.65±0.22 cm, mid shaft diameter was 1.48 cm and the mean body length was 14.56±0.51 cm. The sternal head of the males was significantly longer than the females (P<0.001) but the body and acromial head lengths were not. The length / mid shaft diameter ratio and the product of the length and mid shaft diameter were also derived. The use of the demarking point analysis to identify sex showed very low percentages in all the parameters studied.


Este estudio fue realizado para obtener los valores empíricos e índices para que clavículas puedan ser correctamente sexuadas radiográficamente. Fueron utilizadas 1000 radiografías de clavículas del lado izquierdo de individuos adultos (entre 25 y 60 años de edad) de ambos sexos (500 hombres y 500 mujeres), recolecadas por los departamentos de radiología de la Universidad Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Universidad Calabar Teaching Hospital y Hospital General de Calabar, todos ellos del sur de Nigeria. Los valores obtenidos mostraron que los hombres tenían una longitud de la extremidad esternal de 2,52±0,33 cm, y de la extremidad acromial de 1,66±0,25 cm, un diámetro del eje medio de 2,01cm y una longitud del cuerpo de 15,28±0,66 cm. En las mujeres, la longitud a extremidad esternal fue de 2,18±0,37 cm, de la extremidad acromial de 1,65±0,22 cm, un diámetro del eje medio de 1,48 cm y una longitud del cuerpo promedio de 14,56±0,51 cm. La extremidad esternal de los hombres era significativamente más larga que en mujeres (p<0,001), pero no la longitud del cuerpo y la extremidad acromial. Fueron obtenidas la relación longitud/diámetro del eje medio y el producto de la longitud y diámetro del eje medio. El uso del análisis del punto de demarcación para diferenciar el sexo presentó porcentajes muy bajos en todos los parámetros estudiados.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Radiography/methods , Clavicle/diagnostic imaging , Clavicle/anatomy & histology
3.
Br J Med Med Res ; 2012 Oct-Dec; 2(4): 553-567
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-162756

ABSTRACT

Aim: To estimate sex using demarking points and index of sexual dimorphism of horizontal and vertical diameters of lumbar pedicles in male and female Nigerians. Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Human Anatomy and Department of Radiology (University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital), University of Maiduguri, Borno State Nigeria between February 2007 and June 2008. Methodology: Four hundred (400) radiographs of adult Nigerians (200 males and 200 females) were measured. Age range for the individuals was 18-76 years. Radiographs used for this study were obtained from the collection of record unit of the Radiology Department, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH) in Borno state, Nigeria.Radiographic viewing box, temporary maker, pencil and a meter rule were used for the measurements.The radiographs for males and females were classified separately into six (6) age groups with ten (10) years interval. Vertical and Horizontal diameters of lumbar pedicle were represented on the radiographs by “h” (taken as the maximum dimension of the pedicle between the upper and lower margins of the pedicles) and by “t” (maximum diameter between the medial and lateral aspect of each pedicle). Distance between upper and lower extremities, as well as that between medial and lateral extremities of each pedicle were marked and measured as vertical and horizontal diameters respectively. Results: The result of the present study showed that, the vertical and horizontal diameters of the lumbar pedicles in adult Nigerians were all greater in male than in female counterpart. It was also observed that sexual differences in the two parameters were found to be statistically significant (P<0.001) in both sexes. Index of sexual dimorphism (ISD) was also calculated and it was observed that all parameters were found to be greater than 100; this showed that male had higher values over female counterpart. Demarking points were also calculated for each parameter, the result also showed similar pattern of increase in male parameters over female counterpart. The result also showed age-related significant (P<0.001) variations for the lumbar pedicle diameters, from 18-27 through 38-47 years age groups with a decrease in diameters at the 48-57 through 68-77 years age groups in both sexes. Conclusion: It was observed that the vertical and horizontal diameters were sexually dimorphic; the demarking points of male diameter were all higher than those of the female counterpart. Index of sexual dimorphism also showed that male vertical and horizontal diameters were all greater than female vertical diameter as the index of sexual dimorphism were all greater than 100 from L1 through L5. This study reconfirms the fact that osteometric assessment is highly population- specific. It may be added that more studies are required in the southern part of Nigerian population to give a better picture of the racial variation that exists there and to offer more osteometric standards for assessing sex for the entire country.

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