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Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double-stranded DNA enveloped virus that causes severe effects on the human body by infecting the skin and nerve tissues. Because of latency and reactivation, the rapid detection and eradication of HSV are great challenges for clinical treatments. In recent years, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) system has developed rapidly in the field of gene editing and detection due to its simple design and high targeting efficiency.
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In the past few years, with the breakthrough development of DNA sequencing technology, preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) has been widely used as an important part of assisted reproductive technology (ART). The progress of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology and the improvement of resolution, as well as the comprehensive application of molecular diagnostic technology makes it possible to perform the extensive and comprehensive chromosome screening and the clinical valuable detection of small gene fragment missing and repetition simultaneously, which is of great significance in terms of improving the pregnancy rate and reducing the abortion rate, multiplets rate and malformation rate. The common PGT molecular diagnostic techniques involves fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), single nucleotide polymorphism array(SNP-array), quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) and NGS. And each of them has its own highlights in clinical application and there are many uncertainties that are difficult to control. Moreover, ethical concerns brought about by technological progress also need to be addressed.
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With the development of the concept of precision medicine, under the background of the new coronavirus pneumonia epidemic, the clinical diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases has received more and more attention. The experimental diagnosis technology with molecular biology as the core is used as important means for the clinical laboratory diagnosis of infectious diseases. This lcind of technology is paid special attention. In recent years, advances in nanomaterials, applied chemistry, photophysics, and biosensing technologies have also ushered in revolutionary and creative developments in molecular diagnostic technology. This article reviews the application and development of the latest molecular diagnostic technologies, such as next-generation quantitative PCR technology and gene sequencing technology, isothermal amplification technology, biochip and biosensor technology in the clinical diagnosis of infectious diseases.
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Objective To propose a new evaluation system and evaluate the application value of diabetic retinopathy ( DR) intelligence assisted diagnostic technology based on fundus photography. Methods By using the diagnostic test method,an evaluation system of DR intelligent diagnostic technology based on fundus photography was established. The fundus photographs of 331 diabetic patients (662 eyes) with DR screening were collected in the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University from January 2017 to October 2018. The results of experts ' diagnosis and intelligence assisted diagnosis were compared and evaluated. The evaluation system includes primary evaluation, intermediate evaluation and advanced evaluation. The primary evaluation is the consistency of non-DR ( NDR) in all diabetic patients receiving DR-assisted diagnostic techniques;the intermediate evaluation is the diagnosis consistency of DR lesion degree in patients diagnosed with DR (grade 1-4);the advanced evaluation is the diagnosis consistency of DR classification ( grade 0 -4 ) in all diabetic patients receiving DR-assisted diagnostic techniques. The intermediate evaluation includes two evaluation methods. The main evaluation indicators include sensitivity,specificity and Kappa value. Results Based on experts ' diagnosis, NDR accounted for 22. 7％;mild non-proliferative DR (NPDR),moderate NPDR,and severe NPDR accounted for 19. 9％,18. 7％ and 25. 7％,respectively;proliferative DR( PDR) accounted for 13. 0％. Based on intelligence diagnostic system,NDR accounted for 25. 8％;mild NPDR, moderate NPDR and severe NPDR accounted for 19. 7％,19. 3％ and 22. 8％,respectively;proliferative DR( PDR) accounted for 12. 4％. Based on evaluation system in the paper,the sensitivity,specificity and Kappa value in primary evaluation were 91. 4％, 84. 7％ and 0. 72;the sensitivity, specificity and Kappa value in intermediate evaluation method one were 88. 4％,91. 1％ and 0. 79;the sensitivity, specificity and Kappa value in intermediate evaluation method two were 80. 5％,93. 3％ and 0. 75;the Kappa value in advanced evaluation was 0. 62. Conclusions The evaluation system can be applied to the evaluation of DR intelligent diagnostic technology,and the evaluation result can be used as the basis for the selection of DR intelligent diagnosis application scene.
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Objective: To summarize the diagnosis and measurement methods of bone defect in anterior shoulder instability (glenoid bone defect and Hill-Sachs lesion). Methods: The related literature on the diagnosis and measurement of the bone defect in anterior shoulder instability was reviewed and summarized. Results: The commonly used techniques for the diagnosis of anterior glenoid bone defect and Hill-Sachs lesion of humeral head include X-ray, CT, MRI, arthroscopy, arthrography. The methods for measuring the degree of anterior glenoid bone defect include Griffith method, glenoid index method, Pico method, and best-fit circle method. The indexes for measuring the Hill-Sachs lesion include the length, width, depth, and volume. X-ray is mainly used for primary screening. Best-fit circle method on three-dimensional (3D) CT reconstruction is commonly used to measure the glenoid bone defect currently. Glenoid track theory on 3D CT reconstruction is popular in recent years. Reliability of measuring the glenoid bone defect and Hill-Sachs lesion with MRI and arthroscopy is still debatable. Arthrography is more and more used in the diagnosis of shoulder joint instability of bone defect and concomitant soft tissue injury. Conclusion: How to improve the accuracy of evaluating glenoid bone defect and Hill-Sachs lesion before surgery still need further study.
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STUDY DESIGN: Literature review. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to introduce the EOS imaging device, with a focus on spinal and pelvic alignment. SUMMARY OF LITERATURE REVIEW: The EOS imaging device can obtain images of spinal and pelvic alignment with almost no distortion, using a low radiation dose. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched for studies related to the use of EOS imaging device for spinal and pelvic alignment. RESULTS: The EOS is not only capable of simultaneously obtaining paired anteroposterior and lateral X-ray images with a low radiation dose, but also can reconstruct the image as if it was acquired in the patient's reference plane, limiting the distortion to the patient's thickness instead of the whole distance between the source and detector. The EOS device also has the advantage of accurately measuring the sagittal alignment of the spine and pelvis and the torsional deformity of the lower limbs, as the subject can be imaged while standing upright in a weight-bearing posture. CONCLUSIONS: EOS is a new diagnostic technique that can detect spinal and pelvic alignment and deformities of the lower limbs under weight-bearing conditions with a low radiation dose.
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Congenital Abnormalities , Lower Extremity , Pelvis , Posture , Spine , Weight-BearingABSTRACT
Uyghur medicine has not yet had the clinical research guidelines consistent with Uyghur medicine theory for its new medicine. In this research, retrospective multi-center study on medical records of Uyghur medicine diagnosis and treatment program of stable angina was conducted. Data about demography, diagnostics, therapeutics, efficacy evaluation, and nursing were collated and analyzed. Uyghur medicine syndrome diagnosis indicators and their contribution to stable angina were identified, and Uyghur medicine syndrome differentiation criteria were established. Uyghur medicine established its primary and secondary disease syndrome and its symptoms quantization table entries for the syndrome elements of Uyghur medicine syndrome differentiation criteria. Then combined with symptoms of angina and ECG changes, nitroglycerin stop and decrement rate, evaluation criteria for the efficacy of disease symptom combination were established. On this basis, in accordance with the technical requirements of the national new medicine evaluation, the study developed clinical research guidelines for the treatment of stable angina with new Uyghur medicine.
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Objetivos: estandarizar una prueba molecular basada en PCR semianidada para el diagnóstico de candidemia Metodología: se desarrolló un estudio piloto en que se optimizó el protocolo de extracción y utilización de ADN ribosomal, amplificando la región ITS-2 completa de Candida spp. Y mediante PCR semianidada, reamplificando segmentos específicos de nueve especies clínicamente relevantes de Candida. Se utilizaron muestras clínicas de plasma de pacientes críticamente enfermos con candidemia documentada microbiológicamente del Hospital de la Samaritana en Bogotá. Se utilizó una muestra de candidemia simulada utilizando una cepa de Candida obtenida de orina. Resultados: se logró protocolizar dicha técnica y tener a partir de muestras clínicas de plasma una sensibilidad probable de 90% y especificidad teórica cercana a 100%. La capacidad de detección de este ensayo es hasta de una célula por 200 μl de plasma. Conclusiones: se estandarizó una prueba molecular para detección de candidemia en pacientes críticamente enfermos (Acta Med Colomb 2011; 36: 135-140).
Objectives: to standardize a molecular test based on semi-nested PCR for diagnosis of candidemia. Methods: we developed a pilot study by means of optimizing the extraction protocol and use of ribosomal DNA, amplifying the complete ITS-2 region of Candida spp. And by semi-nested PCR reamplifying specific segments of nine clinically relevant Candida species. Clinical samples of plasma of critically ill patients with microbiologically proven candidemia from a third level hospital in Bogotá. Another sample of simulated candidemia was used with Candida strain form a urine sample. Results: we were able to standardize this technique and achieved from clinical samples of plasma a likely sensitivity of 90% and a theoretical specificity of 100%. The detection capability of this test is up to 1 cell per 200 μl of plasma. Conclusion: a molecular test for detection of candidemia among critically ill patients was standardized (Acta Med Colomb 2011; 36: 135-140).
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Protein fingerprinting technology(PFT) is a novel technology for laboratory diagnosis developed in recent five years.It has advantages of simple operation,testing quickly,high sensitivity and specificity.It is a revolutional progress for laboratory diagnosis.The application of PFT in medical field is mainly for the detection of diseases.The sensitivity and specificity in cancer detection are about 80%.Immunomic mass spectrometry(IMS) is a novel technology using the combined group antibodies for capture multi biomarkers and applying mass spectrometry to precisely analyze the modification or isoforms of the biomarker in single platform,whereas traditional assay could not be able to identify the variation of biomarkers.PFT and IMS have significantly influenced in cancer early detection,especially to evaluate cancers which did not express traditional tumor markers like AFP,CEA,etc.PFT and IMS have characteristics of early detection in the molecular and gene level.PFT and IMS are diagnostic technologies with bright future and potential applications.
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With the development of modern diagnostic technology, physicians'subjective initiative is in danger of weakness. This paper is mainly focused on the showing of what causes the physicians'initiative weak and the related countermeasures.