ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The valid assessment of food and nutrients intakes using appropriate dietary intake method is necessary to improve the nutritional status of the hemodialysis (HD) patients. This study was conducted to compare the method between newly developed, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (Semi-FFQ) and 7-day dietary records (7-DRs) for hemodialysis patients. METHODS: We conducted both methods on 53 maintenance HD patients in two university hospitals. We calibrated the frequency, portion size and daily intake of 47 food items reported in Semi-FFQ. The food and nutrients intake was compared and the correlation of the two methods was analyzed. Also each nutrient intake was compared to recommended dietary allowance for Korean (KDRIs) and recommended nutrient reference value for HD patients. RESULTS: Energy and energy-yielding nutrients intakes were significantly higher in the two methods (p<0.01). These support the possible reliability between Semi-FFQ and 7-DRs that is similar with regard to most mineral and vitamin intakes. Thus, the Semi-FFQ used in this study for the assessment of nutrient intakes of HD patients can be reliable for the assessment of the nutrient intake along with the 7-DRs. The correlation coefficients were higher for foods consumed daily, such as steamed rice, meat and chicken, bean, egg, milk, coffee and alcohol than for those of foods eaten rarely (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The Semi-FFQ used in this study can be a reliable tool for the assessment of the HD patients' nutrient intake along with the 7-DRs, despite its limitations.
Subject(s)
Humans , Chickens , Coffee , Diet Records , Hospitals, University , Meat , Methods , Milk , Miners , Nutritional Status , Ovum , Portion Size , Recommended Dietary Allowances , Reference Values , Renal Dialysis , Steam , VitaminsABSTRACT
Introdução: A principal manipulação dietética utilizada na tentativa de reduzir a progressão da doença renal crônica (DRC) é o controle da ingestão proteica. Objetivo: analisar a utilização do registro alimentar (RA) para avaliação da ingestão proteica de pacientes com DRC em tratamento conservador, considerando o Equivalente Proteico do Aparecimento de Nitrogênio Ureico (PNA) como método de referência. Metodologia: avaliaram-se os prontuários de pacientes adultos em acompanhamento nutricional no Serviço de Nefrologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, no período de janeiro de 2009 a dezembro de 2011. Foram coletados dados clínicos, epidemiológicos, bioquímicos e RA no prontuário e na ficha de anamnese do serviço. A ingestão proteica estimada por meio do RA foi comparada aos valores de PNA em dois momentos distintos, ambos referentes ao mesmo dia de avaliação. Resultados: foram incluídos no estudo 45 pacientes, sendo 23 (51,1%) do sexo masculino. A idade foi superior a 60 anos em 25 pacientes (55,6%) e a escolaridade média foi de 5,62 ± 3,73 anos de estudo. Não houve correlação entre a avaliação da ingestão proteica pelo RA e o PNA nos dois momentos de avaliação (teste de correlação de Pearson; r=0,06 e p=0,69 e r=0,15 e p=0,32, respectivamente). A ingestão calórica média nos dois momentos de avaliação por meio do RA foi abaixo da recomendação. Conclusão: na amostra estudada não houve correlação do RA com o método de referência PNA para avaliação da ingestão proteica em pacientes com DRC em tratamento conservador.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Foods for Persons Engaged in Physical Activities , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Blood Urea Nitrogen , ProteinsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an individualized nutritional education programs on nutrient intake and nutritional status of patients with colorectal cancer who are undergoing palliative chemotherapy. METHODS: Forty patients with colorectal cancer (19 experimental and 21 control patients) were recruited from a chemotherapy ward at S University Hospital in Seoul, Korea. The experimental group received two individualized nutritional counseling sessions and two telephone counseling sessions over 6 weeks. The control group received nutritional counseling after completion of data collection. Nutritional education included general guidelines for food intake while receiving chemotherapy, dietary guidelines for patients with colorectal cancer, daily meal schedules to overcome cancer, and dietary guideline for each chemotherapy side effect. Data were analyzed using chi2-test and t-test with the SPSS program 17.0. RESULTS: Two group comparison revealed that the experimental group had significantly improved calorie (p=.038) and total protein intake (p=.001), and serum albumin percentage change (p=.040). Body weight did not increase but remained the same as the baseline in both groups. CONCLUSION: Study results indicate that this individualized nutritional education programs are effective in enhancing nutrient intake and nutritional status of patients with colorectal cancer who are undergoing palliative chemotherapy.
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Body Mass Index , Body Weight , Colorectal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Counseling , Energy Intake , Nutrition Assessment , Nutritional Status , Palliative Care , Patient Education as Topic , Program Evaluation , Serum Albumin/analysisABSTRACT
Para una alimentación saludable se recomienda el consumo de una amplia variedad de alimentos que a su vez incluyen la mayoría de los nutrientes. Para el cálculo de la ingesta alimentariase cuenta con diferentes métodos de estimación. Se consideró importante conocer la ingesta alimentaria de estudiantes universitarios de medicina y de arquitectura, a partir del registro alimentario de tres días consecutivos (número de encuestados = 40). El valor calórico total ideal fue superior al valor calórico total consumido en el 85 % de los casos en medicina, mientras que enarquitectura ese porcentaje bajó al 75%.El 95% de las mujeres y el 84% de los varones estudiados tuvieron una ingesta promedio diaria de calcio menor a 1000 mg. Las mujeres estudiadas tuvieron en promedio una ingesta de Fe de 8,4 mg, mientras que en los varones fue de 13,1 mg. El 75% de las mujeres, y el 40% de los varones tuvieron una ingesta promediodiaria de vitamina C menor a 45 mg. La mayoría de los encuestados tuvo un bajo consumo de frutas y verduras. El porcentaje de azúcares simples consumidos por los estudiantes de medicina en relación al valor calórico total fue de 16,9% en la muestra femenina y 17,7% en la masculina. En arquitecturaese porcentaje fue de 19,6 % para las mujeres y 19,6 % para los hombres.De acuerdo a estos resultados es importante hacer hincapié en la educación alimentaria nutricional, focalizada en la alimentación saludable y articular estrategias con los responsables de la administración de comedores, bares y/o cantinas universitarias para poder ofrecer comidas saludables a costos razonables para que los estudiantes puedan consumirlas, ya que éstos estan fuera desu casa una cantidad de tiempo importante.
To have a healthy diet, the consumption of a wide variety of foods which include most nutrients is recommended. Dietary intake is calculated using different estimation methods. In this regard, it was considered important to know the dietaryintake of medicine and architecture students, from the record of three consecutive days (number of respondents = 40). The ideal total caloric value was higher than the total caloric value consumed in 85% of the cases for medicine students, while for architecturestudents that percentage dropped to 75%. 95% of women and 84% of men surveyed had an average daily calcium intake of less than 1000 mg. Women had an average intake of 8.4 mg Fe, whereas in males the value was 13.1 mg. Vitamin C average daily intake was less than 45 mg in 75% of women and 40% of men. Most respondents had a low consumption of fruits and vegetables. The percentage of simple sugars consumed by medicine students in relation to total caloric value was 16.9% in the female sample and 17.7% in the male sample. In architecture students, said percentage was 19.6% for women and 19.6% for men. According to these results, is important to highlight that nutrition education should focus on healthy eating, and to coordinate strategies with people responsible for the administration of university canteens so that they offer healthy meals at reasonable costs that enable students to consume them, as they must stay outside their homes a significant amount of time.
Subject(s)
Humans , Eating , Feeding Behavior , Students , UniversitiesABSTRACT
A valid food or dish frequency questionnaire needs to be developed in Korea for accurate dietary assessment because the dietary practices of Koreans are very different from those of other countries. This study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of the newly developed, semi-quantitative, dish-based frequency questionnaire (Semi-DFQ) with 12-day dietary records (12-DRs) as a gold standard. The study subjects were 115 men and 173 women aged 30-65 years old. We calibrated the frequency, portion size and daily intake of 112 dish items reported in Semi-DFQ with those in 12-DRs by Spearman rank correlation coefficients (SCCs). The consumption frequency and portion size reported in Semi-DFQ were higher than those in 12-DRs. The SCCs for the consumption frequency of various dishes ranged from -0.07 (fried seaweed) to 0.70 (instant coffee), the portion size ranged from -0.09 (cold seaweed soup) to 0.68 (soju), and the daily intake ranged from -0.07 (fried seaweed) to 0.71 (soju). The SCCs were higher for dishes consumed daily, such as steamed rice, milk, coffee and alcohol, than those of foods eaten rarely. The overall agreements between the Semi-DFQ and 12-DRs were low for categories of consumption frequency and portion size, even though some dishes showed high SCCs. The SCCs of the two methods in consumption frequency and amount were higher among the women and younger subject. The results revealed the limitation of the Semi-DFQ for evaluating the status of usual individual intake. Therefore, the Semi-DFQ can be used in addition as dietary records and 24-hour recall depending on the research aims.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Coffee , Diet Records , Korea , Milk , Surveys and Questionnaires , Seaweed , SteamABSTRACT
Objetivo: La mayoría de programas de prevención de obesidad en escuelas primarias fracasan. En este estudio investigamos la influencia de las preferencias alimentarias de los padres en las de sus hijos, de acuerdo con el sexo de los padres y el estrato económico de la familia. Consideramos que esta información será una herramienta útil para elaborar programas de prevención. Material y métodos: Participaron 300 niños de una escuela primaria del Estado (EPE) y 368 de una escuela privada (EPP). Cada pareja de padre y madre contestó dos cuestionarios: uno acerca de ellos mismos y otro sobre sus hijos. El cuestionario incluyó preguntas sobre el consumo de alimentos específicos, analizados por correlación canónica (CC). Resultados: Las escuelas estudiadas no mostraron diferencias en el índice de masa corporal de los padres y sus hijos, sólo en las madres (EPP 24 ± 4 vs. EPE 26 ± 4, p < 0.001). La CC indicó que las madres influyen 30% en las preferencias de sus hijos; esta asociación fue mayor en EPE. La preferencia por alimentos ricos en hidratos de carbono simples se observó sólo en los niños, sin mayor influencia de los padres. Los refrescos regulares mostraron alta preferencia en ambas escuelas; el refresco de dieta es preferido por EPP, pero ambas escuelas prefieren no dar refresco de dieta a los niños. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias de estrato económico y sexo de los padres, que influyen en las preferencias alimentarias de los niños. Los programas de prevención de obesidad deberán considerar las preferencias alimentarias de los padres para aumentar el impacto en los niños.
OBJECTIVE: Programs aimed at obesity prevention among elementary school age children have failed. In the present study, we analyzed the association between parental and child food preferences and determined whether this is influenced by the parents' gender and socio-economic status. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We invited 300 children from a state elementary school (SES) and368 from a private middle class school (PMCS) to participate. A questionnaire was given to each parent to complete together with another questionnaire asking questions about their child. The questionnaire included items on consumption of specific foods. Canonical correlation coefficients (CC) were calculated to assess the association between children's food preferences and their parents' food preferences. RESULTS: Mothers from the PMCS group had lower Body Mass Index (BMIs) than mothers from the SES (24 +/- 4 vs. 26 +/- 4, p < 0.001). Fathers and children from the PMCS group were taller and weighed more than those from the SES but their BMI's were similar. CC indicate that mothers influence their children's food preferences by 30%, and this association is stronger in the SES group. Preference for simple carbohydrates was observed among children without parental supervision. Regular soft drinks were preferred by children in both schools, but diet sodas were more common among PMCS. All families avoided giving their children diet soft drinks. CONCLUSIONS: Socio-economic status and gender diferentially influence children's meal preferences. Obsesity prevention programs should take into account parental food preferences as an important factor that determines obesity during childhood. We expect that our results will contribute to the design of more appropriate prevention programs.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adult , Food Preferences , Parents , Socioeconomic FactorsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the contributions of macronutrients to the total energy intakes and Body Mass Indices (BMI, kg/m2) of Korean women. METHODS: We used dietary records data from 115 healthy Korean women, ages 20 and over, who completed four 3-day dietary records between February 2003 and March 2004. For the calculation of nutrients we used a dietary assessment program developed by the Korean Nutritional Society. Macronutrient intakes were estimated by averaging individual total daily intakes in four 3-day dietary records. Subjects were categorized into three Body Mass Index (BMI) groups: underweight (BMI or =25) group. RESULTS: The total energy intakes were not different among the three BMI groups. Similarly, other macronutrient intakes such as protein, fat, carbohydrate, vegetable protein, animal protein, saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids were not different. From the multivariate nutrient density model, substituting polyunsaturated fatty acid for carbohydrate was positively associated with BMI in women aged 20 to 49 (beta=2.31, p<0.01). In women aged 50 and over, substituting animal protein for carbohydrate was positively associated with BMI (beta=0.549, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: No single macronutrient was associated with BMI when all subjects were combined. However, when stratified by age, polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in younger women, and animal protein intake in older women, were positively associated with BMI. In the future, we recommend a larger study to confirm these results.