ABSTRACT
In China， about 100 million people currently have chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD）. At the same time， COPD is a multisystem disease， not only affecting the function of musculoskeletal， cardiovascular， kidney and immune systems in patients， but also causing intestinal dysfunction as its extrapulmonary manifestations. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， after COPD is formed， deficiency， phlegm stasis and toxicity were accumulated in the lungs， which leads to dysfunction of lung in dispersing and descending， and eventually causes ascending and descending disorder of Qi activities， disorder of fluid supply and distribution， and stagnation of blood stasis. The viscera disease would affect the bowels， and the large intestine is thus affected. Modern medical discovers that， the lungs and intestines have common origins and similar physiological structures， in pathological circumstances， their common mucosal immune system may lead to similar immune factors and inflammatory manifestations in the lungs and intestines. At the same time， the studies have confirmed that there is also a close relationship between intestinal flora and lung， that is "lung-gut axis". These theories partially illustrate the mechanism of COPD in inducing intestinal injury. The specific manifestations of COPD intestinal dysfunction， ① Flora disorder， with increased abundance of intestinal gram-negative bacilli， and inhibited reproduction of Bifidobacterium， Lactobacillus and short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria. ② Intestinal barrier damage： characterized by the destruction of intestinal epithelium tight connectivity， increased intestinal permeability， and thinning of the mucus layer. ③ Intestinal motility disorder： mostly manifested as weight loss and malnutrition. At present， for the intestinal dysfunction in COPD patients， most of the relevant discussions and targeted treatment methods in TCM are scattered and unsystematic. Guided by the idea of treating different diseases with the same treatment， we summarized the etiology and pathogenesis of COPD intestinal dysfunction by learning from the experience of TCM in treating intestinal flora disorders and inflammatory bowel disease， and proposed preliminary formulation with Tiaoqi Qushi，Tongfu Tongluo as its basic treatment principles in this paper， hoping to provide new ideas for the treatment of COPD.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the commonalities between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) to understand the mechanisms of Chinese medicine (CM) in different diseases with the same treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A text mining approach was adopted to analyze the commonalities between RA and DM according to CM and biological elements. The major commonalities were subsequently verified in RA and DM rat models, in which herbal formula for the treatment of both RA and DM identified via text mining was used as the intervention.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Similarities were identified between RA and DM regarding the CM approach used for diagnosis and treatment, as well as the networks of biological activities affected by each disease, including the involvement of adhesion molecules, oxidative stress, cytokines, T-lymphocytes, apoptosis, and inflammation. The Ramulus Cinnamomi-Radix Paeoniae Alba-Rhizoma Anemarrhenae is an herbal combination used to treat RA and DM. This formula demonstrated similar effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in rats with collagen-induced arthritis, which supports the text mining results regarding the commonalities between RA and DM.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Commonalities between the biological activities involved in RA and DM were identified through text mining, and both RA and DM might be responsive to the same intervention at a specific stage.</p>
ABSTRACT
This study was aimed to predict active compounds,drug targets and potential diseases of Yi-Guan decoction (YGD) by network pharmacological technology,and to clarify molecular mechanisms of YGD efficiency on different diseases with liver and kidney yin deficiency syndrome (LKYDS).Chemistry compounds,targets and related diseases from YGD were collected from TCMSP,TCM Database@Taiwan,TCMID,HIT,Drugbank,PubChem and TTD databases.The YGD compounds-targets-diseases network was constructed.The network topology was analyzed by Cytoscape software.The analysis of GO biological processes and KEGG pathways enrichment were performed by DAVID website.The results showed that 849 chemical compounds were identified from Beishashen,Maidong,Danggui,Shengdihuang,Chuanlianzi and Gouqizi.There were 49 active CHM compounds that were both oral bioavailability (OB) ≥ 30％ and drug-likeness (DL) ≥ 0.18,corresponding to 200 target proteins and 264 diseases.The top three GO biological processes were response to organic substance,regulation of cell proliferation,and response to endogenous stimulus,respectively.The top three KEGG pathways were pathways in cancer,hepatitis B,and prostate cancer,respectively.It was concluded that the analysis on YGD was conducted based on network pharmacology,and the compound-target-disease network was built,which may help to clarify the mechanisms of YGD efficiency on different diseases with LKYDS.It can provide clues to find new potential clinical adaptation of disease and new drugs.