ABSTRACT
In this study, CM-5 spectrophotometer and Heracles NEO ultra-fast gas-phase electronic nose were used to analyze the changes in color and odor of vinegar-processed Cyperi Rhizoma(VPCR) pieces. Various analysis methods such as DFA and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) were combined to identify different processing degrees and quantify the end point of processing. The results showed that with the increase in vinegar processing, the brightness parameter L~* of VPCR pieces decreased gradua-lly, while the red-green value a~* and yellow-blue value b~* initially increased and reached their maximum at 8 min of processing, followed by a gradual decrease. A discriminant model based on the color parameters L~*, a~*, and b~* was established(with a discrimination accuracy of 98.5%), which effectively differentiated different degrees of VPCR pieces. Using the electronic nose, 26 odor components were identified from VPCR samples at different degrees of vinegar processing. DFA and PLS-DA models were established for different degrees of VPCR pieces. The results showed that the 8-min processed samples were significantly distinct from other samples. Based on variable importance in projection(VIP) value greater than 1, 10 odor components, including 3-methylfuran, 2-methylbuty-raldehyde, 2-methylpropionic acid, furfural, and α-pinene, were selected as odor markers for differentiating the degrees of vinegar processing in VPCR. By combining the changes in color and the characteristic odor components, the optimal processing time for VPCR was determined to be 8 min. This study provided a scientific basis for the standardization of vinegar processing techniques for VPCR and the improvement of its quality standards and also offered new methods and ideas for the rapid identification and quality control of the end point of processing for other traditional Chinese medicine.
Subject(s)
Acetic Acid , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis , Rhizome/chemistry , Quality Control , ElectronicsABSTRACT
Aim: To observe the interference of corn water decoction on endogenous metabolites in urine of rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and to investigate the hypoglycemic mechanism of corn silk in metabonomics. Methods: Wistar rats were fed with high-sugar and high-fat diet for four weeks, and a small dose of streptozotocin was intraperitoneally injected to replicate the T2DM model. The modeled rats were divided into model control group and corn silk group. The corn silk group was given water to the corn water decoction(10. 8 g · kg-1) for four weeks. The state of the rats was observed during the administration, and blood glucose levels were monitored every two weeks. After treatment, the fasted 12 h urine samples were collected and the changes analyzed by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS combined with principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis methods. Results: Maize water decoction could significantly reduce blood glucose levels and improve symptoms in diabetic rats. In the positive and negative ion modes, a total of 12 differential markers were screened. These differential markers include chenodeoxycholic acid, glycocholic acid, argininosuccinic acid, etc. Conclusions: The hypoglycemic mechanism of corn decoction may be related to the metabolism of tricarboxylic acid, biosynthesis of bile acids, metabolism of color amino acid, etc. It also suggests that it may play a protective role in liver and kidney function.
ABSTRACT
This study is to establish an HPLC fingerprint by HPLC-DAD method and simultaneous quantitative analysis of 17 components of 18 batches of Citrus aurantium and 10 batches of C. sinensis. The separation was performed on an Agilent Poroshell 120 SB-C₁₈ (4.6 mm×100 mm,2.7 μm) column with the gradient elution of methanol-0.1% formic acid water, the flow was 0.6 mL•min⁻¹. The detection wavelength was set at 318 nm. The column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. The data calculation was performed with similarity evaluation system for chromatographic fingerprint of traditional Chinese medicine (Version 2004A) together with SIMCA-P 13.0 software to clarify the differential marker between these two different species of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus. This method has good precision stability and repeatability that could provide basis for quality control and evaluation of Aurantii Fructus Immaturus.