ABSTRACT
Background Toric intraocular lens (Toric IOL) is a well accepted method of correct of corneal astigmatism.Axial misalignment,including the error of intraocular lens alignment during surgery and rotation of Toric IOL,is the main barrier to the precise alignment of Toric intraocular lenses.Therefore,the angle of axial misalignment is a main index to evaluate the effectiveness of Toric IOL implantation.Objective The present study is to describe a method of precisely detecting Toric IOL misalignment using postoperative digital photograph.Methods A measuring template (polar coordinates) was constructed using Adobe Photoshop software.Minimum graduate to detect the Toric axis was 1° (maximum error 0.5°).The clinical data of 24 eyes undergone Toric IOL implantation was retrospectively analyzed.Corneal astigmatism was detected by rotating Scheimpflug camera (Pentacam) or slit scan (Orbscan).Digital retro illumination picture was photographed after mydriasis.The picture was analyzed by our derived template.The steepest corneal axis and the axis of Toric IOL were then determined.The misalignment of Toric IOL was determined as the angle between the steepest corneal axis and the axis of Toric IOL.Misalignment of Toric IOL and its distribution were analyzed by statistical means.Results A method using polar coordinates and digital photo to precisely detect Toric IOL misalignment was derived.Mean Toric IOL misalignment was 10.93±6.90 degrees (0-24 degrees) in the 24 cases.The axial misalignment in all of cases were within 25 degrees,including clockwise in 14 eyes(58.33%),anticlockwise in 10 eyes (41.67%).In this study,the misalignment angle of 4 eyes were within 5 degrees;11 eyes were 5 to 10 degrees;1 eye was 10 to 15 degrees;6 eyes were 15 to 20 degrees;2 eyes were 20 to 25 degrees.Conclusion The method is feasible to the direction of Toric IOL misalignment in clinic.
ABSTRACT
Aim The objective of this study is to carry out morphometric measurements of the nose, in order to establish norms for the Indonesian as the representation of Asian, specifi cally for the Deutero Malay sub race. Method A cross sectional study was performed on 126 subjects, recruited from female students of Medical Faculty, the University of Indonesia, Jakarta. Subjects were restricted within Deutero Malay sub race (including ethnic groups of Aceh, Jawa, Sunda, Minangkabau, Riau and Bugis) in 3 generations. Subjects were photographed with digital camera in frontal, left lateral and basal view. Then from the photographs which were stored as JPEG fi les, linear as well as angular measurements were carried out. Results The intercanthal width is 3.56 cm + 0.27, alar width 4.14 cm + 0.28, length of the nose 4.0 cm + 0.21, pronasion projection 2.29 cm + 0.26 and tip angle 111.5o + 4.4, nasofrontal angle 134.6o + 7.3, nasofacial angle 36.3o + 4.3, nasolabial angle 90.4o + 8.3, and nasion projection 0.43 cm + 0.22. Conclusions The data collected from this study can be used as norms for Deutero Malay cases and will serve as a guide for quick reference, when planning aesthetic or reconstructive rhinoplasties for the Deutero Malay patient.
Subject(s)
NoseABSTRACT
Aim The objective of this study is to carry out morphometric measurements of the nose, in order to establish norms for the Indonesian as the representation of Asian, specifically for the Deutero Malay sub race. Method A cross sectional study was performed on 126 subjects, recruited from female students of Medical Faculty, the University of Indonesia, Jakarta. Subjects were restricted within Deutero Malay sub race (including ethnic groups of Aceh, Jawa, Sunda, Minangkabau, Riau and Bugis) in 3 generations. Subjects were photographed with digital camera in frontal, left lateral and basal view. Then from the photographs which were stored as JPEG files, linear as well as angular measurements were carried out. Results The intercanthal width is 3.56 cm 0.27, alar width 4.14 cm 0.28, length of the nose 4.0 cm 0.21, pronasion projection 2.29 cm 0.26 and tip angle 111.5o 4.4, nasofrontal angle 134.6o 7.3, nasofacial angle 36.3o 4.3, nasolabial angle 90.4o 8.3, and nasion projection 0.43 cm 0.22. Conclusions The data collected from this study can be used as norms for Deutero Malay cases and will serve as a guide for quick reference, when planning aesthetic or reconstructive rhinoplasties for the Deutero Malay patient.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The prism-cover test has been known to be the most accurate method in measuring ocular angle deviation, but the Hirschberg test is used in poorly cooperative patients. To enhance the accuracy of Hirschberg test, we designed a geometric model using digital photographs. METHODS: Fifty normal volunteers were included in this study, who had no ocular disorders. Digital photographs were obtained in the subjects seated 2 m in front of the fixation targets and the camera was set 1 m in front of subjects. In each photograph, the apparent width of the cornea and the distance from the corneal light reflex to the limbus were measured using computer program for calculation of angle deviation. Then we compared the calculated angle deviation with the actual one. RESULTS: Calculated angle deviations with digital image photographs were corresponded to the actual ones from esodeviation 40delta to 10delta (p>0.05), whereas in esodeviation 60delta, 70delta and exodeviation, the larger the deviation angle, the larger the calculated angle composed with the actual one. CONCLUSIONS: Angle deviation measurement using digital photographs appears to be relatively precise and its clinical application will be available in measuring angle deviation of esodeviation.