ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for improving the quality of pharmacy education in China.METHODS:Based on domestic and foreign related literatures in recent years,and the information from pharmacy school official websites of USA,to introduce to summarize the characteristics of the selection and admission methods and requriements of Doctor of Pharmacy students in pharmacy schools of universities in USA.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The pharmacy education of USA developed rapidly in recent 10 years.To ensure the quality of pharmacist,the pharmacy schools attached great importance to selection and admission process of Doctor of Pharmacy students in USA.They did not only pay attention in academic scores,such as Pharmacy College Admission Test score(PCAT),Grade Point Average(GPA) in university before applying to pharmacy school,also used different ways to investigate others' evaluation and self-evaluation,the ability of the applicant to perform social activities by recommendation letters,personal statement and experience in extracurricular activity.Based on material evaluation and applicant comparison,according to proportion selection and applicant interview,oral and communication skills of the applicant were investigated.Finally,admission committee of pharmacy college makes decision.Compared with China,the pharmacy schools of American univerisities choose Doctor of Pharmacy students more comprehesively and pay more attention to the comprehensive ability beyond the applicant's score,which form a relatively complete system.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the research was to explore post-registration training opportunities for NHS hospital pharmacists which contributes to promote structural reform of the professional development and lifelong learning for Korean hospital pharmacists. In UK, all pharmacists are required to complete at least 9 Continuing Professional Development (CPD) entries per each year to maintain their professional registration. Types of accredited postgraduate qualification (part-time) in Pharmacy Practice available for hospital pharmacists are Postgraduate Certificate (PgCert, year 1), Postgraduate Diploma (PgDip, year 2), Master of Science (MSc year 3), and Professional Doctorate in Pharmacy programme (DPharm, 4-5 years or more). Clinical pharmacy diploma is more likely to become a minimum qualification in order to progress whilst working for the NHS. Pharmacy independent prescribers are allowed to prescribe all medications except cocaine, dipipanone, and diamorphine for the purpose of treating addiction within their competencies. NHS pharmacists are also classified by band point system depending on their practical/clinical knowledge and skills which starting from band 5 (Pre-registration pharmacist) up to band 9. Various learning and development options are also offered including teaching sessions, conferences and local forums.