ABSTRACT
V5 is derived from pooled blood of donors with hepatitis B and C, which was hydrolyzed, autoclaved and foFWHlrtted into ordinary tablets. The principle of V5 action is similar to the first generation hepatitis B vaccine derived from plasma of hepatitis carriers. Preclinical studies have shown that V5 is safe - no acute or chronic toxicity in vitro or animals was seen at 1,882-fold higher doses than recommended once-per-day pill regimen. Safety Phase 1 two-month study has not demonstrated any adverse effects. Several clinical Phase II trials of V5 were conducted in past 5 years since its approval as a biologically active immunomodulator. Post-marketing survey in Mongolia assessed in 240 individuals with hepatitis B and C revealed that levels of liver damage biomarkcrs: ALT; bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase decreased from mean 104.9192 to 63.2 • 51 (P« 0.0001); 14. I±12 to 9.9±7 (P=0.0001); 319±190 to 242±145 (P=0.049), respectively. The efficacy ofV5 based on ALT decrease in each individual was observed in 84.1% of patients. During trial in Ukraine on hepatitis C patients who also had tuberculosis it was accidentally discovered that V5 can clear Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Subsequent trials, including randomized placebo controlled phase II Mai, conducted in over 300 patients with TB has demonstrated that V5 has potent anti-TB activity r4iardless whether patients had drug sensitive TB, MDR-TB or TB with HIV. On average the c'crrance rate was observed in over 85% of TB patients after just one month. Recently wc have slJHed seeing patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who seemed to benefit from V5. The case rcR)rt from one patient will be presented to illustrate this effect. In conclusion. V5 appears to have kfSad spectrum activity against unrelated diseases. This needs to be verified in further clinical studies
ABSTRACT
The patient was a 70-year-old woman with hypertension and end stage renal disease, and she presented with left wrist pain due to falling a day before admission. On admission, laboratory testing revealed a hemoglobin level of 6.7 g/dL, and a physician ordered 2 units of packed RBCs. She had never received a RBC transfusion in the past. The ABO grouping showed a discrepancy between the cell type AB and serum type O, and the irregular antibody screening was negative. Crossmatchings with group AB and group O RBCs were incompatible. Anti-I, which is a cold antibody, was inferred because the degree of agglutination was decreased after warming. However, crossmatching with group O RBCs, which are the universal donor blood, was positive and the anti-IH was considered to be the specificity of the irregular antibody. The patient's serum did not react with group O cord (i) blood cells and anti-I was then considered. The genotype of this patient was AB, and it was inferred that the ABO discrepancy was due to anti-IH.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Agglutination , Blood Cells , Genotype , Hypertension , Kidney Failure, Chronic , Mass Screening , Sensitivity and Specificity , Tissue Donors , WristABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Low-birth-weight(LBW) neonates often need multiple transfusions during their neonatal period. The routine use of the 500ml mono-bag system in Korea, even in neonatal transfusions, results in a great waste of blood and exposes the neonate to multiple blood donors. To reduce the waste of blood and the number of exposures, we used quadruple blood bags in the transfusion of LBW neonates. METHODS: From November 1995 to April 1997, 86 neonates weighing less than 2,000gm were enrolled in this study. Forty-four of those neonates needed blood transfusions. Using quadruple blood bags, we were able to safely make 3 units of packed red blood cell(RBC) from each directed donors. RESULTS: Seventy-seven units of packed RBC could be made from 29 directed donors and 58 of those units were actually transfused to the 25 neonates. Blood age of the directed donor blood prepared in the quadruple blood bags were relatively older than those of bank bloods at the time of transfusion, thus, K+ concentration was higher but the total K+ amounts infused through transfusions were within tolerable ranges in both groups. CONCLUSION: Using quadruple blood bag in the transfusion of LBW neonates, we could reduce the number of donor exposures and also the waste of blood. K+ loads to the neonates through the transfusion of directed donor blood were within tolerable range in the neonatal physiology.