Clinical types and fungal pathogens of children′s tinea capitis analysis of 542 cases in a tertiary first-class hospital of Wuhan / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective To investigate the clinical types of children's tinea capitis and the distribution of fungal pathogens in Wuhan from 2011 to 2020, and to provide scientific basis for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of children's tinea capitis. Methods Laboratory data of children with tinea capitis in outpatient and inpatient department of dermatology in Wuhan No.1 Hospital from January 2011 to December 2020 were collected. A total of 542 cases of pediatric tinea capitis were included, with 239 male cases and 303 female cases. Microscopic examination of fungi and culture identification were performed on the affected skin lesions of the children. Chi-square test was used to analyze the differences in pathogen spectrum of children with different age groups and clinical type. Results Among the pediatric tinea capitis patients, the age group with the highest prevalence was preschool children（3 to <7 years old), accounting for 48.52%（263/542). The top three pathogenic fungi were Trichophytes violaceum（49.26%, 267/542), Microsporum canis（31.55%, 171/542) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes （9.96%, 54/542). Trichophyton violaceum was the main pathogen in all ages, followed by Microsporum canis. The infection rate of Microsporum canis in children over 7 years old was lower than that in children under 7 years old, and the infection rate of Trichophyton rubrum in infants was higher than that in other ages. The distribution of Trichophytes violaceum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Nannizzia gypseum and Microsporum ferrugineum was uniform in all age groups. Trichophytes violaceum and Trichophyton tousurans mainly caused black-dot ringworm, Microsporum canis mainly caused tinea alba, Trichophyton mentagrophytes,Nannizzia gypseum and Trichophytonrubrum mainly caused kerion. Except for Microsporum ferrugineum, the composition ratios of other fungi species showed statistically significant differences among different clinical types of tinea capitis（P<0.05). Conclusions Preschool children are the most commonly affected age group by pediatric tinea capitis, and black-dot ringworm caused by Trichophytes violaceum is the main clinical type. Analysis of the high-riskage group, pathogenic fungi and clinical types of tinea capitis in children can enhance the understanding of its epidemiological characteristics, which is helpful for early diagnosis and targeted standardized treatment of pediatric tinea capitis.

Bionic optic nerve based on perovskite (CsPbBr 3) quantum-dots / 生物医学工程学杂志

The bionic optic nerve can mimic human visual physiology and is a future treatment for visual disorders. Photosynaptic devices could respond to light stimuli and mimic normal optic nerve function. By modifying (Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythio-phene):poly (styrenesulfonate)) active layers with all-inorganic perovskite quantum dots, with an aqueous solution as the dielectric layer in this paper, we developed a photosynaptic device based on an organic electrochemical transistor (OECT). The optical switching response time of OECT was 3.7 s. To improve the optical response of the device, a 365 nm, 300 mW·cm -2 UV light source was used. Basic synaptic behaviors such as postsynaptic currents (0.225 mA) at a light pulse duration of 4 s and double pulse facilitation at a light pulse duration of 1 s and pulse interval of 1 s were simulated. By changing the way light stimulates, for example, by adjusting the intensity of the light pulses from 180 to 540 mW·cm -2, the duration from 1 to 20 s, and the number of light pulses from 1 to 20, the postsynaptic currents were increased by 0.350 mA, 0.420 mA, and 0.466 mA, respectively. As such, we realized the effective shift from short-term synaptic plasticity (100 s recovery of initial value) to long-term synaptic plasticity (84.3% of 250 s decay maximum). This optical synapse has a high potential for simulating the human optic nerve.

Research progress on the characteristics and rapid diagnostic tools of early lung adenocarcinoma subtypes / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Lung adenocarcinoma has become the most common type of lung cancer. According to the 2015 World Health Organization histological classification of lung cancer, invasive lung adenocarcinoma can be divided into 5 subtypes: lepidic, acinar, papillary, solid, and micropapillary. Relevant studies have shown that the local lobectomy or sublobectomy is sufficient for early lepidic predominant adenocarcinoma, while lobectomy should be recommended for tumors containing micropapillary and solid ingredients (≥5%). Currently, the percentage of micropapillary and solid components diagnosed by frozen pathological examination is 65.7%, and the accuracy of diagnosis is limited. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, it is necessary to seek new methods and techniques. This paper summarized the characteristics and rapid diagnosis tools of early lung adenocarcinoma subtypes.

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome and multiple evanescent white dot syndrome-like change / 中华眼底病杂志

Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is an acute retinal disease characterized by multifocal white spots in the fundus often seen in the unilateral eye. The lesions mainly involve the retinal pigment epithelium and the outer retinal structure. Typical ocular manifestations of MEWDS include grayish-white outer retinal spots with a clear borderline identified on the fundus, findings of hyper-autofluorescence in the early stage consistent with the spots identified on the fundus, and the optical coherence tomography manifestation of multifocal disruption of the ellipsoid zone. With the rapid development of multimodal imaging technology, some scholars found that these manifestations are not exclusive to MEWDS as some types of chorioretinopathy can also show MEWDS-like changes. The etiology of these diseases may be inflammation, infection, immunity, or tumor-related, misdiagnosed by masquerading as MEWDS. Here we summarized the clinical manifestations and imaging features of MEWDS and reviewed the fundus lesions changes that can be misdiagnosed as MEWDS.

The influence of embodied emotion priming on the attentional bias of individuals with depression tendency / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effects of embodied emotion priming on attentional bias of individuals with depression tendency.Methods:From June to December 2018, a total of 91 college students with depression tendency were recruited to participate in the experiment.A 3(embodied emotion priming: positive priming, negative priming and no priming) × 2 (emotional face: happy and sad) mixed design was adopted to measure the attentional bias of individuals with depression tendency using the dot probe paradigm. SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used for repeated measurement analysis of variance.Results:In terms of attentional bias, the interaction effect between embodied emotion priming types and emotional faces was significant ( F(2, 88)=5.97, P=0.004, ηp2=0.119). Further simple effect analysis showed that, under the happy-face condition, participants' attentional bias reaction time(△RT) was significantly higher when primed with embodied positive emotion than those primed with embodied negative emotion((14.30±18.23)ms, (-6.53±38.17)ms, P<0.05). The participants' attentional bias △RT was significantly lower when primed with embodied negative emotion than participants with no priming ((-6.53±38.17)ms, (9.16±30.62)ms, P<0.05). Under the sad-face condition, the participants' attentional bias △RT was significantly higher when primed with embodied negative emotion((28.22±35.33)ms) than participants primed with embodied positive emotion((11.71±29.24)ms, P<0.05) and no priming ((7.63±30.60)ms, P<0.05). Conclusion:Embodied emotion priming can affect the attentional bias of individuals with depression tendency.

Multiparametric assay of screening for the diagnosis of mycoses of interest in Public Health: standardization of methodology / Ensaio multiparamétrico de triagem para diagnóstico de micoses de interesse em Saúde Pública: padronização da metodologia

The standardization and validation of a multiplex assay requires the combination of important parameters such as sensitivity and specificity, acceptable levels of performance, robustness, and reproducibility. We standardized a multiparametric Dot-blot aimed at the serological screening of paracoccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, and aspergillosis. A total of 148 serum were evaluated: 10 from healthy subjects, 36 from patients with paracoccidioidomycosis, 62 from patients with histoplasmosis, and 40 from patients with aspergillosis. It was found that the multiparametric Dot-blot showed a high percentage of cross-reactivity. However, when evaluated individually, in the serological screening of histoplasmosis, a good performance was observed when compared to the double immunodiffusion assay, considered the gold standard test, with 100% co-positivity and 83.3% co-negativity. The performance of serological screening for aspergillosis was not satisfactory when compared to double immunodiffusion, showing 71.4% co-positivity and 100% co-negativity. The evaluation of the stability of nitrocellulose membranes showed that membranes sensitized with H. capsulatum antigen remained stable for 90 days and those sensitized with A. fumigatus antigen for 30 days. We conclude that the use of crude antigens was not suitable for the standardization of the multiparametric Dot-blot assay, due to the high cross-reactivity, and that further tests should be performed with purified proteins (AU).

A padronização e validação de um ensaio multiplex requer a combinação de parâmetros importantes, como sensibilidade e especificidade, níveis aceitáveis de desempenho, robustez e reprodutibilidade. Este trabalho padronizou um Dot-blot multiparamétrico visando a triagem sorológica da paracoccidioidomicose, histoplasmose e aspergilose. Foram avaliadas 148 amostras de soro: 10 de indivíduos saudáveis, 36 de pacientes com paracoccidioidomicose, 62 de pacientes com histoplasmose e 40 de pacientes com aspergilose. Verificou-se que o Dot-blot multiparamétrico apresentou elevado percentual de reatividade cruzada. Entretanto, quando avaliado individualmente, na triagem sorológica da histoplasmose observou-se bom desempenho quando comparado ao ensaio de imunodifusão dupla, considerado o teste padrão ouro, com 100% de co-positividade e 83,3% de co-negatividade. O desempenho da triagem sorológica da aspergilose não foi satisfatório quando comparado a imunodifusão dupla, apresentando 71,4% de co-positividade e 100% de co-negatividade. A avaliação da estabilidade das membranas de nitrocelulose mostrou que membranas sensibilizadas com antígeno de H. capsulatum permaneceram estáveis por 90 dias e as sensibilizadas com antígeno de A. fumigatus, por 30 dias. Concluímos que o uso de antígenos brutos não foi adequado para a padronização do ensaio de Dot-blot multiparamétrico, devido ao alto índice de reatividade cruzada, e que novos testes devem ser realizados com proteínas purificadas (AU).

Development of an fall prevention early warning bracelet based on red dot indication system and evaluation of its clinical application / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:to provide a new type of fall prevention early warning bracelet and share the feedback of clinical preliminary application data in order to reduce the incidence of falls in inpatients.Methods:The convenience sampling method was used to select the inpatients who were hospitalized in the Department of Geriatrics of Hunan Provincial People ′s Hospital from January to February 2021. The 30 patients who did not use bracelets in November 2020 were taken as the routine group and 30 patients who used bracelets in December 2020 were taken as the experimental group. The two groups were monitored during hospitalization and 2 weeks after discharge. The patients in the routine group were given routine anti-fall signs and health education, while the patients in the experimental group were given the use and health education of early warning bracelets on the basis of routine. The incidence of fall was recorded. The inpatients ′ nursing job satisfaction scale and the self-designed bracelet use feedback questionnaire (experimental group) were used to evaluate the application effect. Results:No fall occurred in the experimental group, but 4 patients fell in the routine group (13.3%). The incidence of fall in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the routine group ( χ2=4.29, P=0.038). The scores of all dimensions of nursing satisfaction in the experimental group were also higher than those in the routine group ( t values were -8.20--4.05, all P<0.05). Another 26.7% (8/30) of patients said that wearing a bracelet would have a certain impact on hand movement or rest, but all the 30 patients surveyed indicated that they were willing to continue to wear the bracelet. Three nurses said it would not necessarily reduce the incidence of falls, but all the 10 nurses involved said the shift was more convenient. Conclusions:The preliminary clinical trial feedback of the bracelet is good, and the patients and their families have high recognition, which is helpful for the patients and their families to participate in the fall prevention activities and improve the self-management of the patients.

Recent advances in quantum dots-based biosensors for antibiotics detection / 药物分析学报

Antibiotics are a category of chemical compounds used to treat bacterial infections and are widely applied in cultivation,animal husbandry,aquaculture,and pharmacy.Currently,residual antibiotics and their metabolites pose a potential risk of allergic reactions,bacterial resistance,and increased cancer incidence.Residual antibiotics and the resulting bacterial antibiotic resistance have been recognized as a global challenge that has attracted increasing attention.Therefore,monitoring antibiotics is a critical way to limit the ecological risks from antibiotic pollution.Accordingly,it is desirable to devise new analytical platforms to achieve efficient antibiotic detection with excellent sensitivity and specificity.Quantum dots(QDs)are regarded as an ideal material for use in the development of antibiotic detection biosensors.In this review,we characterize different types of QDs,such as silicon,chalcogenide,carbon,and other doped QDs,and summarize the trends in QD-based antibiotic detection.QD-based sensing applications are classified according to their recognition strategies,including molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs),aptamers,and immunosensors.We discuss the advantages of QD-derived antibiotic sensors,including low cost,good sensitivity,excellent stability,and fast response,and illustrate the current challenges in this field.

Cellular behavior of carbon dots derived from Poria cocos polysaccharide / 药学学报

The biological behavior of carbon dots, especially the mechanism of cellular uptake and intracellular distribution, is the basis of its biomedical applications. In this paper, blue fluorescent carbon quantum dots were synthesized by hydrothermal method with Poria cocos polysaccharide as raw material, and the specific biological behavior of carbon dots entering cells was explored to evaluate its biological activity. It was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Two different cell lines, immunocytes-RAW264.7 cells (mouse mononuclear macrophages cells) and cancer cells-4T1 cells (mouse breast cancer cells), were used as the research objects to study the uptake kinetics, uptake pathway, distribution and efflux of polysaccharide carbon dots in cells. The results showed that the carbon dots have a size distribution of 2 to 10 nm, and the average size was 6.85 nm. The carbon dots were mainly composed of C, O and N elements, with abundant surface functional groups such as -OH, C=O, C-N and C=C, and the fluorescence quantum yield was 4.72%. Carbon dots enter cells in a certain concentration and time dependence. Different cell lines have different uptake pathways. RAW264.7 cells enter the cells mainly by macrophage-specific phagocytosis, and a small part of the endocytosis is mediated by caveolin, while 4T1 cells are mainly mediated by grid protein endocytosis and giant cell drinking process. In summary, the synthesized carbon dots have good fluorescence properties, low cytotoxicity and excellent biocompatibility, which can be used for cell imaging applications.

Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection among outdoor patients and indoor patients of tertiary care institute, Bathinda, Punjab, India

Background: Hepatitis virus infections have many serious consequences like chronic hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver cancer. Serological test is thus necessary to identify hepatitis virus in the body. An observational study was conducted with an objective to detect hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies by rapid card tests and to find the prevalence of co-infection with hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses from January 2019 to June 2019.Methods: Blood samples were received from patients irrespective of age and sex, constituted the material for the present study. All samples were tested on hepacard and tri-dot card for the detection of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus and results were interpreted as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.Results: Out of 3488 samples, 254 samples were positive for hepatitis virus infection. Out of these 254 samples positive for hepatitis viruses, 22 (0.6%) patients were positive for hepatitis B virus and 232 (6.6%) patients were positive for hepatitis C virus. Only 2 (0.7%) of these patients showed co-infection with both viruses.Conclusions: Male patients showed more positivity of hepatitis virus as compared to females. Patients were more from outpatient department (OPD) as compared to inpatient department (IPD). Hepatitis virus infection was found to be highest in the age group 21-40 and lowest in the age group above 80 years. Both the co-infected patients were males and from IPD.

Performance of the Dot-blot test method for detecting antibodies to Sarcocystis spp. in cattle / Desempenho do teste Dot-blot para detecção de anticorpos para Sarcocystis spp. em bovinos

Serological techniques can detect antibodies against Sarcocystis spp., Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii antigens in single or mixed infections. Immunofluorescent antibody tests (IFAT) is considered the gold standard technique for Sarcocystosis diagnostic in cattle serum and a positive IFAT result reflects Sarcocystis spp. infection. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to compare IFAT and Dot-blot for sarcocystosis diagnostic in experimentally infected mice and to investigate serological cross-reactions with N. caninum and T. gondii in these methods. Mice (Mus musculus) were inoculated intraperitoneally with bradizoites of Sarcocystis spp. or tachyzoites of N. caninum or T. gondii. Serum samples were obtained and analyzed by IFAT and Dot-blot for the three protozoa. Serum from N. caninum and T. gondii experimentally infected mice were tested by IFAT and reacted only to N. caninum or T. gondii antigens, respectively. Specific antibodies against Sarcocystis spp. were present in all animals experimentally infected with this protozoan, with IFAT titers from 10 to 800. Serum samples from mice experimentally infected with Sarcocystis spp., N. caninum and T. gondii and tested by Dot-blot demonstrated no cross reaction between protozoa. A Dot-blot using Sarcocystis spp. antigen appears to be a good alternative to IFAT in the serological diagnosis of Sarcocystosis.(AU)

As técnicas sorológicas podem detectar anticorpos contra os antígenos de Sarcocystis spp., Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii em infecções únicas ou mistas. O teste de anticorpos imunofluorescentes (IFAT) é considerado a técnica padrão-ouro para o diagnóstico de sarcocistose no soro de bovinos e um resultado positivo de IFAT reflete Sarcocystis spp. infecção. Portanto, os objetivos do presente estudo foram comparar IFAT e Dot-blot para diagnóstico de sarcocistose em camundongos infectados experimentalmente e investigar reações cruzadas sorológicas com N. caninum e T. gondii nesses métodos. Os camundongos (Mus musculus) foram inoculados intraperitonealmente com bradizoítos de Sarcocystis spp. ou taquizoítos de N. caninum ou T. gondii. As amostras de soro foram obtidas e analisadas por IFAT e Dot-blot para os três protozoários. O soro de N. caninum e T. gondii infectados experimentalmente foram testados por IFAT e reagiram apenas aos antígenos de N. caninum ou T. gondii, respectivamente. Anticorpos específicos contra Sarcocystis spp. estavam presentes em todos os animais experimentalmente infectados com este protozoário, com títulos de IFAT de 10 a 800. Amostras de soro de camundongos infectados experimentalmente com Sarcocystis spp., N. caninum e T. gondii e testadas por Dot-blot não demonstraram reação cruzada entre protozoários. Um Dot-blot usando Sarcocystis spp. O antígeno parece ser uma boa alternativa ao IFAT no diagnóstico sorológico da sarcocistose.(AU)

Highly sensitive serological approaches for Pepino mosaic virus detection / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) causes severe disease in tomato and other Solanaceous crops around globe. To effectively study and manage this viral disease, researchers need new, sensitive, and high-throughput approaches for viral detection. In this study, we purified PepMV particles from the infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants and used virions to immunize BALB/c mice to prepare hybridomas secreting anti-PepMV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). A panel of highly specific and sensitive murine mAbs (15B2, 8H6, 23D11, 20D9, 3A6, and 8E3) could be produced through cell fusion, antibody selection, and cell cloning. Using the mAbs as the detection antibodies, we established double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), Dot-ELISA, and Tissue print-ELISA for detecting PepMV infection in tomato plants. Resulting data on sensitivity analysis assays showed that both DAS-ELISA and Dot-ELISA can efficiently monitor the virus in PepMV-infected tissue crude extracts when diluted at 1:1 310 720 and 1:20 480 (weight/volume ratio (w/v), g/mL), respectively. Among the three methods developed, the Tissue print-ELISA was found to be the most practical detection technique. Survey results from field samples by the established serological approaches were verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and DNA sequencing, demonstrating all three serological methods are reliable and effective for monitoring PepMV. Anti-PepMV mAbs and the newly developed DAS-ELISA, Dot-ELISA, and Tissue print-ELISA can benefit PepMV detection and field epidemiological study, and management of this viral disease, which is already widespread in tomato plants in Yunnan Province of China.

Intravenous transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells at different time points for repairing spinal cord injury / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Olfactory ensheathing cells promote axonal regeneration, provide nutritional support for the injured host cells and regulate inflammation reaction, which possess potential for spinal cord injury repair. OBJECTIVE: To explore the optimal time window for intravenous transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury. METHODS: Thirty male SPF level rats were used to establish the rat models of spinal cord injury by spinal cord hemisection. Rat models were then randomly divided into five groups: 1-, 3-, 7-and 10-day olfactory ensheathing cell transplantation and PBS groups. Olfactory ensheathing cells were labeled with fluorescent quantum dots. PBS was injected into the rats in the PBS group after spinal cord injury. The injured spinal cord was removed at 1 day after injection. A small animal imager was used to measure the fluorescence transferred to the lesion at different time points. The number of cells transferred to the lesion was measured based on the intensity of fluorescence. The Anti-p75 NGF Receptor antibody was used for immunohistochemistry detection of the injured spinal cord. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Animal Laboratory of Ningxia Medical University, No. 2017-073. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fluorescent quantum dots could label olfactory ensheathing cells. Results of fluorescence assay and immunohistochemistry indicated that transplanted olfactory ensheathing cells were transferred to the lesion at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days. Most cells were transferred to the lesion at 7 days. Therefore, these results indicate that olfactory ensheathing cells transplanted at different time points after spinal cord injury can be transferred to the lesion, with a number peak at 7 days that is the best time window for cell transplantation.

Highly sensitive serological approaches for Pepino mosaic virus detection / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) causes severe disease in tomato and other Solanaceous crops around globe. To effectively study and manage this viral disease, researchers need new, sensitive, and high-throughput approaches for viral detection. In this study, we purified PepMV particles from the infected Nicotiana benthamiana plants and used virions to immunize BALB/c mice to prepare hybridomas secreting anti-PepMV monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). A panel of highly specific and sensitive murine mAbs (15B2, 8H6, 23D11, 20D9, 3A6, and 8E3) could be produced through cell fusion, antibody selection, and cell cloning. Using the mAbs as the detection antibodies, we established double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA), Dot-ELISA, and Tissue print-ELISA for detecting PepMV infection in tomato plants. Resulting data on sensitivity analysis assays showed that both DAS-ELISA and Dot-ELISA can efficiently monitor the virus in PepMV-infected tissue crude extracts when diluted at 1:1310720 and 1:20480 (weight/volume ratio (w/v), g/mL), respectively. Among the three methods developed, the Tissue print-ELISA was found to be the most practical detection technique. Survey results from field samples by the established serological approaches were verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and DNA sequencing, demonstrating all three serological methods are reliable and effective for monitoring PepMV. Anti-PepMV mAbs and the newly developed DAS-ELISA, Dot-ELISA, and Tissue print-ELISA can benefit PepMV detection and field epidemiological study, and management of this viral disease, which is already widespread in tomato plants in Yunnan Province of China.

Process optimization of Morinda officinalis with wine steaming by star dot design-response surface methodology / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish the best wine steaming process for morinda officinalis with monotropein as indicator. Methods Response surface methodology was used to optimize the wine steaming process for morinda officinalis with the amount of rice wine, stewing time, moistening time and the monotropein content as evaluation indexes. Results The best condition was identified with rice wine (rice wine/herbs, g/g) 10%, moistening time 1.0 h, fully steamed and dried. Conclusion The Star dot design-response surface method can be used to optimize the wine steaming process for morinda officinalis.

Lead sulfide quantum dots for the near-infrared IIb window fluorescence imaging of colon cancer / 药学学报

The near-infrared-IIb (NIR-IIb, 1 500-1 700 nm) window fluorescence with long emission wavelength has reduced light scattering and tissue auto-fluorescent background, achieving deep tissue imaging with high spatial resolution. Herein, we prepared an NIR-IIb fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) composed of lead sulfide (PbS). The fluorescence spectrum of PbS QDs were adjusted by controlling the size of the PbS core. Cadmium sulfide (CdS) shell was synthesized by the cation exchange method to form the core/shelled lead sulfide/cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CSQDs). The surface of CSQDs was modified with polyethylene glycol (PEG) to increase their stability in aqueous solution. The resulting PEG-modified CSQDs (PEG-CSQDs) had the emission peak at ~1 550 nm with quantum yield of 7.2%. The animal procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Fudan University School of Pharmacy. At 2 h postinjection, PEG-CSQDs clearly delineated the tumor region of mice bearing orthotopic CT26-Luc colon cancer model in the NIR-IIb fluorescence imaging. The fluorescent intensity ratio of primary tumor and adjacent normal tissue was 42.3, and that of metastatic tumor and adjacent normal tissue was 22.3, which allowed to detect the primary tumor of 3.4 mm×2.5 mm in dimension and the metastatic tumor of 1.2 mm×0.9 mm in dimension, and accurately guided the excision of tumors. The PEG-CSQDs prepared in this study provided a new approach for the early diagnosis and guidance of surgical resection of colon cancer.

Immunological detection assays for recombinant Shiga toxin & Shigella dysenteriae

Background & objectives: Shiga toxin (Stx) is produced by Shigella dysenteriae, a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus that causes shigellosis, haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) and Reiter's syndrome. The detection methods for shiga toxin needs to be rapid, accurate, reliable and must be extensively evaluated under field conditions. The aim of this study was to develop rapid, sensitive and specific detection method for Stx. Methods: Mice and rabbits were immunized with purified recombinant Shiga toxin B (rStxB). Using these antibodies dot ELISA, sandwich ELISA and flow through assay were developed. Results: The high-titre antibodies specifically reacted with purified rStxB. Dot-ELISA, sandwich ELISA and flow-through assay were developed and standardized that could detect StxB with limit of detection (LOD) of 9.75, 9.7 ng/ml and 0.46 ?g/cassette, respectively. Interpretation & conclusions: The rStxB was used to produce antibodies to avoid handling of pathogen. The Flow through assay 'developed was specific, rapid and field amenable.

Efficacy of CO2 dot matrix laser combined with 595 nm pulsed dye laser on cesarean section skin scar / 中华医学美学美容杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of CO2 lattice laser combined with 595 nm pulsed dye laser in the treatment of cesarean section skin scar.Methods A total of 60 patients with cutaneous scar after cesarean section in our hospital from June 2015 to October 2017 were enrolled.The patients were divided into observation group and control group according to the order of hospitalization.Each group had 30 cases.Both CO2 lattice and 595 nm pulsed dye lasers were used in study group.Only CO2 lattice laser was used in control group.Vancouver scar scale (VSS) and adverse reactions were analyzed after treatment in both groups.Results The two groups were compared at 3 months and 6 months after treatment.The VSS scores of the study group were (52.00± 1.31) and (3.81±1.38),which was significantly lower than that of the control group (6.30±1.21) and (5.00± 1.38).The difference was statistically significant (t =3.175,3.35,P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences in adverse reactions between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions CO2 dot laser combined with 595 nm pulsed dye laser for the treatment of cesarean section skin scar is more effective than CO2 dot matrix laser alone.

Trait anxiety and attentional bias in policemen / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of attentional bias in emotional faces of policemen with different trait anxiety levels. Methods: By using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), 44 policemen (23 males and 21 females) were included in the higher trait anxiety level group and 44 policemen (25 males and 19 females) were included in the lower trait anxiety level group. The 2 anxiety style ((higher trait anxiety level, lower trait anxiety level) × 2 emotional type (positive, negative) × 2 clue type (identical side, opposite side) hybrid design was used to investigate the attentional bias of the response time differences between the two groups of policemen on keystroke responses of different emotional types and different types of clues by using a dot probe. Results: The positive emotional face reaction of the higher trait anxiety level group was less than that of the negative emotional face reaction[ (638. 0 ± 12. 4) ms vs. (651. 7 ± 13. 1) ms, P ＜ 0. 01], while the lower trait anxiety level police had no statistical significance on the reaction of positive emotional face and negative emotional face (P＞ 0. 05). The clue types in the higher trait anxiety level group were identical side less than opposite side response time [ (640. 3 ± 12. 6) ms vs. (649. 5 ± 13. 0) ms, P ＜ 0. 05], and there was no statistical significance in the lower trait anxiety level group about identical side and opposite side response time (P＞ 0. 05). The clue type in identical side, there was no significant difference in the response of two groups to positive emotional faces and negative emotional faces (P＞ 0. 05); while the clue type in opposite side, the response of higher trait anxiety level group to negative emotional faces was higher than that of positive emotional faces [ (663. 1 ± 9. 8) ms vs. (651. 4 ± 8. 9) ms, P ＜ 0. 05]. Conclusion: It suggests that the policemen with higher level of trait anxiety have selective attentional bias to negative emotional faces, which induced by impaired attentional disengagement.

Preparation and <italic>in vitro</italic> evaluation of phospholipid-coated silver-graphene quantum dot multifunctional nanoparticles / 药学学报

@#In this paper, multifunctional silver-graphene quantum dot nanoparticles coated with phospholipids (ADG-DDPC) were prepared and their properties were evaluated <italic>in vitro</italic>. Cationic phospholipids 1,2-diolefinoxy-3-trimethy-laminopropane (DOTAP) was absorbed first onto the surface of the core of silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) through the mutual attraction between the positive and negative charge. Based on the principle of phase transformation and hydrophobic interaction, dstearyl-phosphatidylglycolamine-polyethylene-glycol-cyclic-cRGD peptide (DSPE-PEG₂₀₀₀-cRGD) self-assembled onto the outlayer of DOTAP of AgNPs. A stable multifunctional nano-preparation was formed and its ultraviolet absorption, particle size distribution, morphology,<italic>in vitro</italic> release behavior, ability to kill cancer cells and cell uptake were studied. The maximum UV absorption of the synthesized nanometer preparation was about 400 nm. Malvern particle size meter and transmission electron microscope showed that the particle size of the nano- preparation was about 30-40 nm and its particle size distribution was uniform. The <italic>in vitro</italic> release of nano-preparation was positively correlated with the concentration of H₂O₂. The IC₅₀ value of AgNPs for tumor cells was (347.78 ± 0.06) ng·mL^-1, and the IC₅₀ value of ADG-DDPC for tumor cells was (209.68 ± 0.09) ng·mL^-1, indicating that ADG-DDPC possessed a stronger cytotoxicity than that of AgNPs. Cell uptake experiment showed that ADG-DDPC could be absorbed by tumor cells and exhibited fluoresce inside those cells. In conclusion, ADG-DDPC was successfully prepared, and <italic>in vitro</italic>characterization study pointed to that the nano-preparation exhibits a higher antitumor activity than AgNPs.