ABSTRACT
【Objective】 To develop an assay to determine β-lactam antibiotics using microcolumn gels and to study the β-lactam antibiotics present in the blood of patients and their clinical significances. 【Methods】 446 patients with a history of taking β-lactam antibiotics from January 2019 to June 2019 were randomly selected from Trauma Emergency Center, Department of Arthrosis, Department of Spine and Department of Bone Oncology of our hospital, and 4 mL(per capita) venous blood was collected. Irregular antibody screening, anti-globulin detection and drug antibody determination were performed by microcolumn gel method. The data of gender, age, disease, blood transfusion history and medication were collected. The test results and clinical data were retrospective analyzed. 【Results】 The yielding rate of antibody was 0.45%(2/446) in patients with a history of taking β -lactam antibiotics. 16.38%(73/446) of the samples were positive in direct antiglobulin test, and 64.38%(47/73) of them did not agglutinate with RBCs treated with drugs. The yielding rate of specific antibodies against drug was 4.93%(22/446), and the titer ranged from 2 to 128(8). 1 case of auto-IgM antibody, 1 case of blood group related antibody and 2 cases of non-specific protein adsorption were detected. The yielding rate of drug antibody in patients with blood transfusion history reached to 12.10 %(22/124), so it was also high in patients with bone tumor. 【Conclusion】 Direct antiglobulin assay is helpful for the detection of β-lactam antibodies. The negative results of antibody screening cannot completely exclude the presence of drug antibodies. The yielding rate of drug antibody can be greatly improved by specific drug antibody detection, and it was higher in transfused patients relative to non-transfused one.
ABSTRACT
The heme regulated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF 2α) kinase, also called the heme regulated inhibitor (HRI), is a key regulator of protein synthesis in mammalian reticulocyte. HRI is almost undetectable in blood samples of normal rabbits and it increases by 12 15 fold in the reticulocytes of anemic rabbits. In order to determine if such an increase in the quantity of HRI is gradual during anemia, and if it could be an indicator of anemia, we have carried out a detailed analysis on the expression of HRI and its eIF 2α kinase activity in rabbit reticulocyte lysates during various stages of acetylphenylhydrazine (APH) induced anemia. In a 9 day schedule of induction of anemia, using an anti HRI monoclonal antibody, HRI was detectable immediately after completion of fourth injection (day 5) and it increased gradually during the entire period reaching its maximum (24 fold) on day 9. Furthermore, when rabbits recovered from anemia due to individual response to the drug, quantity of HRI decreased significantly. Northern blot analysis results were similar to those of the Western blot. The other parameters that are generally used to monitor anemia in human patients, namely, reticulocyte count, haematocrit level and haemoglobin content although changed at the onset of anemia, did not change significantly during its progression. These results thus indicate that HRI could be a more appropriate and sensitive indicator of drug induced anemia.