ABSTRACT
The prevalence of hepatitis C is increasing day by day all over the world. Most particularly in Pakistan hundreds of thousands of people are dying by acquisition HCV virus. There is no vaccine available and its treatment is very expensive, we being the under-developed country, solely have an obvious option regarding accurate determination of risk factors in our community to minimize economic strain and scheming for better prevention strategies. The need of the day is to conduct such types of studies on immediate basis. Main objective of this study is to find out associated factors with hepatitis C through surveys and research for hepatitis C patients in Faisalabad. A cross sectional survey from 38 patients was conducted on self-designed questionnaire from one major hospital DHQ of Faisalabad. Further study was to analyse risk factors and its relationship to the family history. The most frequent risk factors among patients with hepatitis C are married patients, illiterate patients, family history of hepatitis, surgical operations and road accidents, patients’ age, patient history of jaundice, and shaving by barber. Married patients and family history of hepatitis are the common factors in both urban and rural population. Risk of hepatitis C is found to be highest in urban Married patients. It is concluded that some risk factors for the transmission of HCV are different in urban and rural areas. Moreover, in Pakistan, this study revealed that the family history of this disease is found to be a vital risk factor. Finally, our study Models can be used for the prediction of pattern of development of hepatitis C in majority of the patients.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The number of rheumatoid arthritis patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty is increasing, but the postoperative early complications and related risk factors have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the early acute complications and the risk factors after primary total knee arthroplasty in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. METHODS: Data of 300 patients (337 knees) with rheumatoid arthritis who received primary total knee arthroplasty at Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from September 2013 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 62 males and 238 females, with an age of (65.61±8.40) years old. All patients signed the informed consent, and the study was approved by the ethics committee of the hospital. The baseline data, comorbidities, preoperative examination, surgical data, other data of hospitalization and follow-up data were recorded. The risk factors of complications were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic curve was used to assess the predictive value of risk factors for postoperative complications within 30 days after surgery in rheumatoid arthritis patients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Nine cases (3.33%) affected acute complications within 30 days after surgery. (2) Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that operation time, age, duration of disease and preoperative cerebrovascular disease were independent risk factors for postoperative complications within 30 days after total knee arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis patients. (3) Compared with the non-complication group, in the complication group, the operation time was longer (OR=1.023, 95%CI: 1.001-1.045, P=0.037), the age was increased (OR=1.163, 95%CI: 1.025-1.319, P=0.019), the duration of disease was longer (OR=1.110, 95%CI: 1.031-1.195, P=0.006), and the proportion of preoperative cerebrovascular disease was increased (OR=31.736, 95%CI: 4.053-248.517, P=0.001). (4) The receiver operating characteristic curve to predict the complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis within 30 days after total knee arthroplasty showed that the area under the curve of age, duration of disease and operation time were 0.693, 0.865 and 0.685, respectively.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Vitiligo is a common depigmenting disorder with profound stigma. Prevalence of vitiligo is 0.5% to 1%. Information about association of progressive vitiligo are well known. Prognostic factors of vitiligo also enlisted. However, little information is available on the risk factors for developing extensive vitiligo. Aims and Objectives: Aims of the study was to identify – factors which are associated with extensive vitiligo (involving more than 5% of the body surface area). The following risk factors were evaluated, Onset before 20 years of age, Duration of disease greater than 2 years, Presence of Koebner’s phenomenon, Family history of vitiligo, Presence of leucotrichia and Mucosal involvement. Materials and Methods: A case control study were designed. Patients with Vitiligo > 5% body surface area involvement were classified as cases and <5% body surface area were labeled as controls. The frequency of evaluating associated clinical factors among the cases and controls were used to evaluate the extensive vitiligo’s association with risk factors (disease risk associated exposure). Results: Two hundred and eleven patients were evaluated. The mean age at onset was 19.07+13.51 (+SD) years. Acrofacial vitiligo was the commonest type of vitiligo. Duration of disease more than 2 years, presence of Koebner’s Phenomenon, Family history, Symmetry of lesions, milky white colour of lesion, presence of Leucotrichia, mucosal involvement and Acrofacial type vitiligo had statistically significant (p<.05) association with extensive vitiligo. Ratio of the odds of the outcomes in two groups was noted significant with Duration of disease more than 2 years, Koebner,s Phenomenon, Mucosal involvement and Leucotrichia. Conclusion: This case-control study has demonstrated a weak association between extensive vitiligo and duration of disease greater than 2 years. It has also indicated that koebner’s phenomenon, mucosal involvement and leucotrichia are additional risk factors.
ABSTRACT
Both genetic and environmental factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson Disease (PD). The contribution of many environmental factors including dietary factor remains unproven. The purpose the study was to investigate the dietary habits, nutrient intake and dietary quality of Korean PD patients according to the duration of disease. PD patients were recruited from K and S university hospitals from May 2005 to January 2006. This study was carried out after approval by the Institute Review Board (IRB). British Brain Bank criteria was used to diagnose PD. The subjects were classified into 2 groups based on the duration of PD: or = 25 months groups. General characteristics, anthropometric measurements, food habits and dietary intakes were investigated. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The mean age of or = 25 months group (62.2 +/- 8.8 yr) (p or = 25 months group. 4) Daily intakes of most nutrients were very low compared with DRI. 5) The MAR score was significantly lower in < 25 months group (p < 0.05;) however, the scores of DVS, DDS and DQI were not significantly different. As a conclusion an overall nutrient intake and dietary quality of the Parkinson's Disease patients need to be improved regardless of duration of the disease and a well-balanced diet should be emphasized.
Subject(s)
Humans , Alcohol Drinking , Brain , Diet , Feeding Behavior , Hospitals, University , Nutritional Status , Occupations , Parkinson Disease , SnacksABSTRACT
Both genetic and environmental factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of Parkinson Disease (PD). The contribution of many environmental factors including dietary factor remains unproven. The purpose the study was to investigate the dietary habits, nutrient intake and dietary quality of Korean PD patients according to the duration of disease. PD patients were recruited from K and S university hospitals from May 2005 to January 2006. This study was carried out after approval by the Institute Review Board (IRB). British Brain Bank criteria was used to diagnose PD. The subjects were classified into 2 groups based on the duration of PD: or = 25 months groups. General characteristics, anthropometric measurements, food habits and dietary intakes were investigated. The results of this study were as follows: 1) The mean age of or = 25 months group (62.2 +/- 8.8 yr) (p or = 25 months group. 4) Daily intakes of most nutrients were very low compared with DRI. 5) The MAR score was significantly lower in < 25 months group (p < 0.05;) however, the scores of DVS, DDS and DQI were not significantly different. As a conclusion an overall nutrient intake and dietary quality of the Parkinson's Disease patients need to be improved regardless of duration of the disease and a well-balanced diet should be emphasized.