Eating disorders in the preoperative phase of bariatric surgery / Transtornos alimentares durante o pré-operatório de cirurgia bariátrica

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is considered the most effective obesity treatment. Obese patients have a high prevalence of eating disorders. Objectives: Evaluate the occurrence of eating disorders and eating patterns in candidates for bariatric surgery and associate eating disorders with sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using electronic charts of candidates for bariatric surgery. Data were collected on sex, age, marital status, schooling, occupation, non-communicable diseases, body mass index (BMI), eating disorders, and eating patterns. Results: Among the 281 patients evaluated, eating disorders were detected in 26.7%; 10.3% had binge eating disorder, 6.6% had bulimia nervosa, and 5.3% had the night-eating syndrome. The specific eating patterns were overeating (46.6%), binge eating during periods of stress (9.3%), eating sweets (4%), and snaking (1.3%). BMI ranged from 35.38 to 59.03 kg/m² (mean: 44.37 ± 5.89). All individuals (100%) had systemic arterial hypertension, and 23.3% had type 2 diabetes mellitus or dyslipidemia. Conclusions: The frequency of eating disorders was low in the sample studied, the most common of which was binge eating disorder. Non-communicable diseases were associated with eating disorders. Among the eating patterns observed, the most frequent was overeating (AU)

Introdução: A cirurgia bariátrica é considerada o tratamento mais eficaz para a obesidade. Pacientes obesos possuem elevada prevalência de transtornos alimentares. Objetivos: Avaliar a presença de transtornos alimentares e padrões alimentares em candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica, associando os transtornos alimentares aos dados sociodemográficos e clínicos. Métodos: Estudo retrospectivo de cunho documental, com base em prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes candidatos à cirurgia bariátrica. Foram obtidas variáveis como sexo, idade, estado civil, nível de escolaridade, ocupação, doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, índice de massa corporal (IMC), transtorno e padrão alimentar. Resultados: Dos 281 pacientes avaliados, foi detectado 26,7% de transtornos alimentares, sendo 10,3% transtorno de compulsão alimentar periódica, 6,6% de bulimia nervosa e 5,3% de síndrome do comer noturno. Os padrões alimentares específicos encontrados foram: glutões (46,6%), compulsivos alimentares em períodos de estresse (9,3%), comedores de doces (4%) e beliscadores (1,3%). O IMC variou de 35,38 a 59,03 kg/m² (44,37±5,89), com 100% do grupo apresentando Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e 23,3% com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 ou dislipidemia. Conclusões: Constatou-se baixa frequência de transtornos alimentares na amostra estudada, sendo o transtorno de compulsão alimentar periódica o mais observado. Doenças crônicas não transmissíveis foram associadas com a presença de transtornos alimentares. Dentre os padrões alimentares observados, os glutões foram os mais frequentes (AU)

Exploring the norms of eating-out practice among adults in Malaysia

@#Introduction: Eating-out is common in almost all countries, including Malaysia, but this frequent practice may affect human health. In Malaysia, data on eating-out is limited. This study aimed to assess the proportion of eating-out, to assess the association between socio-demographic factors and eating patterns, and to compare energy and nutrient intakes between people eating-out and eating-in. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 100 adults aged 30 to 70 years old. Three-day food diaries were used to collect data on dietary intake. Eating-out was defined as eating foods prepared outside the home. Respondents who ate outside for at least one meal per day, for two or three days per week were considered as those who frequently practised eating-out. Results: A total of 84% of respondents who ate out had significantly higher sodium intake than those who ate at home (2934 mg/day vs. 2165 mg/day, p=0.025). Foods and drinks that were most commonly consumed outside were nasi lemak, roti canai, rice, ayam masak kicap, vegetable soup, tomyam, rice vermicelli soup (mee-hoon soup), hot teh-o, iced tea, and orange juice. Occupation (p=0.004) and location type (p=0.001) were associated with eatingout. Government and semi-government workers (61%) and urban population (57%) had higher percentage of eating-out compared to eating at home (19% and 12%, respectively). Conclusion: More than two-thirds of our respondents ate out and this habit was related to poor diet quality with excessive intake of sodium. Interventions are needed to improve the diet quality of the overall eating-out behaviour among targeted population.

Regulación circadiana, patrón horario de alimentación y sueño: Enfoque en el problema de obesidad / Circadian rhythms, eating patterns, and sleep: A focus on obesity

RESUMEN El reloj biológico determina la mantención de los ritmos circadianos en mamíferos, un tipo particular de ritmos biológicos de duración cercana a 24 horas. Existe una estrecha relación entre el funcionamiento del sistema circadiano, la alimentación y la regulación metabólica, lo que actualmente constituye un área de intensa investigación. En particular, la alteración de la ritmicidad circadiana a partir de modificaciones genéticas, conductuales o dietarias, lleva a trastornos comportamentales, ganancia de peso excesiva y alteraciones metabólicas. Algunos factores que contribuyen a la alteración o desajuste circadiano incluyen el jet-lag, el trabajo por turnos horarios, la desorganización temporal y restricción de sueño, y desorden del patrón horario de alimentación. Este trabajo resume la evidencia acerca de la influencia de los ritmos circadianos en procesos relacionados con la alimentación y las consecuencias metabólicas de su alteración. Se hace énfasis en las consecuencias de la alteración de los ritmos de alimentación-ayuno y de sueño-vigilia, y su relación con la ganancia de peso excesiva, la obesidad y trastornos metabólicos asociados, condiciones altamente prevalentes en sociedades occidentalizadas.

ABSTRACT In mammals, the biological clock is driven by circadian rhythms, a particular type of biological rhythm that last about 24 hours. There is a close relationship between the functioning of the circadian system, eating and metabolic regulation, which is currently an area of intense research. Alteration of circadian rhythmicity from genetic, behavioral or dietary modifications, leads to behavioral and metabolic disorders, and excessive weight gain. Factors that contribute to circadian disruption include, among others, jet lag, shift work, mistimed and restricted sleep, and irregular eating patterns. This review summarizes the evidence regarding the influence of circadian rhythms on eating processes and the metabolic consequences of circadian disruption. Special focus is on the consequences of disruption of regular eating-fasting and sleep-wake rhythms, and relationships with excessive weight gain, obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders that are highly prevalent in westernized societies.

Identification of dietary patterns in urban population of Argentina: study on diet-obesity relation in population-based prevalence study

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Argentina, obesity prevalence rose from 14.6% in 2005 to 20.8% in 2013. Although the number of studies on noncommunicable diseases and dietary patterns as a unique dietary exposure measure has increased, information on this topic remains scarce in developing countries. This is the first population-based study investigating the association between diet and obesity using a dietary pattern approach in Argentina. We aimed (a) to identify current dietary patterns of the population of Córdoba city, (b) to investigate its association with obesity prevalence, and (c) to identify and describe dietary patterns from the subgroup of people with obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The Córdoba Obesity and Diet Study (CODIES) was conducted in Córdoba city by using a random sample of n = 4,327 subjects between 2005 and 2012. Empirically derived dietary patterns were identified through principal component factor analysis. A multiple logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association of dietary patterns with obesity. RESULTS: Four dietary patterns were identified, called “Starchy-Sugar”, “Prudent”, “Western”, and “Sugary drinks”. High scores for the “Western” pattern (with strongest factor loading on meats/eggs, processed meats, and alcohol) showed a positive association with obesity (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.06-1.67, for third versus first tertile of factor score). “Meats/Cheeses” and “Snacks/Alcohol” patterns emerged in people with obesity. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that high adherence to the “Western” pattern promoted obesity in this urban population. In addition, people with obesity showed characteristic dietary patterns that differ from those identified in the overall population.

Associations between Eating Behavior and the Eating Patterns of Female College Students Across the Menstrual Cycle / 대한지역사회영양학회지

OBJECTIVES: The associations between the eating behavior and energy and macronutrient intake from meals and snacks consumed during different times of the day across the menstrual cycle were investigated in 74 healthy female college students. METHODS: A 9-day food record was collected during the last 3 days before menstrual onset (phase 1) and the first 3 days after menstrual onset (phase 2) and from the 4th to the 6th day after menstrual onset (phase 3), respectively. Anthropometry was assessed and eating behaviors were measured using the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ). RESULTS: External eating was the most prevalent type of eating behavior, followed by restrained eating and emotional eating. Restrained eating was positively associated with energy, carbohydrate and lipid intake at the breakfast and midmorning snack during phase 3. However, emotional eating was also positively related to energy and macronutrient intake at the dinner and after-dinner snack during phase 1 and phase 3, with higher level detected in the phase 1. The association of emotional eating with the snack consumption was highest in phase 1. External eating was positively associated with energy and macronutrient intakes at the dinner and after-dinner snack across the three phases, the highest level being phase 1. In addition, restrained eating was positively associated with the weight, body mass index(BMI), fat mass, waist and hip girth of the subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Eating behaviors varied with regard to meals and snacks consumed during different times of the day across the three menstrual phases. Dinner and afterdinner snack consumption in premenstrual phase could be considered as a time when women are more prone to overconsumption and uncontrolled eating.

Relación entre IMC, emociones percibidas, estilo de ingesta y preferencias gustativas en una población de adultos / Relationship between BMI, emotions perceived, intake style and taste preferences in an adult population

En personas con sobrepeso y obesidad el acto ingestivo puede iniciarse en ausencia de ingesta homeostática. Las emociones pueden actuar como disparadores de ingesta hedónica o emocional contribuyendo al balance positivo de energía, ganancia de peso y obesidad. Objetivos: estudiar la relación entre las emociones percibidas, las preferencias gustativas y los estilos de ingesta, según el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y género en personas adultas. Materiales y métodos:estudio descriptivo de corte transversal mediante encuesta estructurada auto-administrada a pacientes adultos (N=481) que consultaron por primera vez en un centro privado de nutrición de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Resultados:se observó correlación entre el IMC y el estilo de ingesta (r=.26, p<.01) con diferencias para picoteo, salteo, desorganización e hiperfagia (p<0,01). Los hombres presentaron estilos de ingesta menos saludables que las mujeres con mayor frecuencia de hiperfagia y comida nocturna excesiva. El 31% de la muestra refirió atracones, siendo más frecuentes en las mujeres (33,8%) que en los hombres (19,5%) (p<0,01). La preferencia por lo salado se asoció a mayor IMC (IMC media 33,21, p<0,01). El 49,27% de la muestra seleccionó salado, con mayor frecuencia en hombres (68,3%) que en mujeres (45,4%). Un 55% eligió alimentos dulces, con diferencias de género (59% de las mujeres, 34% de los hombres). Se observó una asociación positiva con débil correlación (r=.13, p<.01) entre el IMC y las emociones percibidas, con diferencias significativas en los valores de IMC en función de tristeza (IMC media=33,24, desv. típ. 8,26 p<.01) y enojo (IMC media=33,18, desv. típ. 8,23 p<.01). Las mujeres (M=2,43; DE=1,55) tendieron a comer por emociones (ansiedad, tristeza, cansancio y enojo) más que los hombres. Conclusiones: estilos de ingesta no saludables, preferencia gustativa por lo salado e ingesta desencadenada por emociones percibidas se asociaron a mayor IMC. Los hombres presentaron...

In overweight and obese people, ingestive behavior can be initiated in the absence of homeostatic hunger. Emotions can trigger hedonic or emotional intake, contributing to positive energy balance, weight gain and obesity. Objectives: to study the relationship between perceived emotions, taste preferences and eating habits, according to Body Mass Index (BMI) and gender in adults.Materials and methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study by means of a self-administered structured survey in adult patients (N=481) in a single visit to a private nutrition center in the City of Buenos Aires. Results:a correlation between BMI and unhealthy eating style (r=.26, p>,01) was observed with significant statistical differences for snacking, skipping, disorganization and hyperphagia (p<0,01). Men showed more unhealthy eating styles than women with more hyperphagia and excessive nighttime meal. 31% of the patients reported binge, being more frequent in women (33,8%) than in men (p<0,01). Salty taste preference was associated with higher BMI values (BMI media=33,21, p<0,01). 49,27% of the sample preferred salty foods which resulted significantly more frequent in men (68,3%) than females (45,4%) (p<0,01). 55% preferred sweet foods, with gender differences (59% women, 34% men). We found a weak positive association (r =.13, p<,01) between BMI and perceived emotions with significant differences in the BMI values in relation to sadness ( BMI media=33,24 and anger (BMI media=33,18). Women (M=2.43; SD=1,55) tend to have more emotional eating (anxiety, sadness, fatigue and anger) than men. Conclusions: un healthy eating styles, salt taste preference and emotional eating are associated with increased BMI. Men tend to present less healthy eating habits and women higher intake related to perceived emotions.

Eating Patterns of Children with Cerebral Palsy by Table Utensil-Handling Skills

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating patterns of children with cerebral palsy having motor disturbances as well as stiffness. The food habits, nutritional status, and snack intakes of 1 to 7 year-old children with cerebral palsy were examined. The subjects were grouped into three categories according to their table-utensil handling skills: superior, normal, and inferior. The children in the superior group were significantly taller and heavier compared to children in the other two groups. The %EARs of folic acid and total calorie intake were insufficient in all three groups; however, their %EARs of other nutrients were fully sufficient. When comparing the children's intake frequencies and preferences for snacks, the superior group showed a greater likelihood to consume various kinds of snacks than the inferior group. And the inferior group disliked more kinds of snacks than the other two groups. It was also shown that the inferior group had a significantly higher tendency for problems in chewing and swallowing. These results indicate that the development of table utensil-handling skills is very important for the food intake and growth of children with cerebral palsy, and the better their table utensil-handling skills the greater their physical development. Thus, considering their preference and intake frequency, it seems necessary that children in the inferior group be provided a greater variety of snacks and foods to receive more calories.

Value recognition and eating patterns of Kimchi in female middle school students and their mothers

This study analyzed Kimchi eating culture in 178 households with female middle school children located in Incheon and Seosan areas, investigated the Kimchi eating patterns of female middle school students, and also analyzed the differences in value recognition for Kimchi between mothers and their female middle school students. Results showed that 23.0% of subject households answered eat Kimchi at every meal and the main reason for eating Kimchi in most households was good for taste. Most households made their own Kimchi, and only 12.3% of households bought Kimchi. Subject households preferred hot and spicy taste (34.8%) and pleasing taste (20.2%), and 44.4% of middle school children answered as eating Kimchi at every meal, and the source for information on Kimchi was home in 51.6% and mass media in 33.7%, suggesting the lack of school education. Both mothers and their female middle school students placed high value on Kimchi for its nutritional aspect and on Kimchi from the market for its convenience. Mothers showed significantly higher value (p<0.05) on the storage aspect of Kimchi compared to their middle school students, and female middle school students showed significantly higher value (p<0.05) on the value recognition for Kimchi as an international food compared to their mothers. Also, the value for hot pepper powder was high among other additional ingredients, and both mothers and middle school students had high values for Kimchi stew among other food dishes using Kimchi, and middle school students showed higher values (p<0.001) on foreign dishes using Kimchi such as Kimchi pizza and Kimchi spaghetti compared to the mothers group. Therefore, based on these results, the development of educational programs on Kimchi is needed not only at home but also at schools, by re-emphasizing the importance of value recognition for KImchi in our food culture.

Irregular, quick meal is associated with non-ulcer dyspepsia

BACKGROUND: Many etiologies of Non-Ulcer Dyspepsia (NUD) have been suggested. Among them, gastrointestinal(GI) motility disorder seems to bean important cause. It is said that many Koreans have dyspepsia, due to rapid eating habit. Therefore, we investigated on specific eating habits that may influence GI motility resulting in NUD symptoms. METHODS: At the Health Promotion Center in a university hospital we screened 8,648 adults from May 1995 to April 1997. The patients were given a questionnaire on their eating habits, followed by history taking, physical examination, laboratory tests, UGIS (or gastrofiberoscopy), and abdominal sonography. And then the family physician evaluated the patients. Those with NUD and control who didnt have any diagnosis related to GI tract were analyzed. RESULTS: 1,329 persons(15.4%) were diagnosed as having NUD, and the number of control group were 4,747. NUD was more common in females(Odds Ratio=1.64). NUD group reported less regular eating(OR=0.77), and drinking(OR=0.60). NUD had significantly shorter meal duration, and lower BMI.(p<0.00). But there was no difference in the reported exercise, smoking, stress amount, frequency of eating salty food, breakfast, dinner, instant food, hot food, and the amount of each meal. CONCLUSIONS: NUD was associated with irregular, and quick eating behavior. Behavioral modification such as regular and slow eating to prevent NUD is advised.