Dental Loss in the Lower Socioeconomic Stratum of a Sample of the Chilean Population Born in the 19TH and 20TH Centuries

SUMMARY: Partial or total dental loss (edentulism) is associated with decreased quality of life. Chile has large socioeconomic gaps, which are also recognized in oral health, but it is not known how Edentulism has evolved throughout the country. The aim of this study was to determine the edentulism in people born during the 19th and 20th centuries in Chile, who died in the 20th century, and to compare it with current data from the Chilean Ministry of Health (MINSAL) to observe its evolution in the country. For this purpose, 60 3D models of skulls from the Subactual Osteological Collection of Santiago were analyzed (30 individuals per sex), in which the presence and absence of teeth in antemortem in the maxilla were analyzed. A high percentage of tooth loss was observed, with 65 % partial edentulism, a 30 % total edentulism, and only 5 % had complete dentition in this osteological collection. In addition, a significant decrease over time was found; in 2017, the percentage of complete dentition at the national level was 32.8 %. A higher frequency of edentulism was also found in females from the osteological collection, with a significant probability of twice as much edentulism as in males. However, this sex difference was smaller than those found in the current study. Our study is the first to compare edentulism in Chile in two different time periods, since, in addition to studying it in the 19th and 20th century, it is carried out with data from the present day and in line with previous research, reveals the importance of socioeconomic and sex variables for dental loss.

La pérdida parcial o total de dientes (edentulismo) se asocia a una disminución de la calidad de vida. Chile tiene grandes brechas socioeconómicas, que también se reconocen en la salud oral, pero se desconoce cómo ha evolucionado el edentulismo en el país. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar el edentulismo en personas nacidas durante los siglos XIX y XX en Chile y fallecidas en el siglo XX, y compararlo con datos actuales del Ministerio de Salud de Chile (MINSAL) para observar su evolución en el país. Para ello, se analizaron 60 modelos 3D de cráneos de la Colección Osteológica Subactual de Santiago (30 individuos por sexo), en los que se analizó la presencia y ausencia de dientes en dentición antemortem en el maxilar. Se observó un alto porcentaje de pérdida dentaria, con un 65 % de edentulismo parcial y un 30 % de edentulismo total, y sólo un 5 % presentaba dentición completa en esta colección osteológica. Además, se encontró una disminución significativa a lo largo del tiempo; en 2017, la dentición completa a nivel país fue del 32,8 %. También se encontró una mayor frecuencia de edentulismo en las mujeres de la colección osteológica, con una probabilidad significativa del doble de edentulismo que en los hombres. Sin embargo, esta diferencia de sexo fue menor que la hallada en datos actuales. Este estudio es el primero que compara el edentulismo en Chile en dos épocas diferentes, ya que además de estudiarlo en los siglos XIX y XX, se realizó con datos de la actualidad y, en línea con investigaciones previas, revela la importancia de las variables socioeconómicas y de sexo en la pérdida dental.

Fractura de mandíbula en pacientes parcialmente edéntulos. Alternativa de tratamiento cerrado. Serie de casos / Mandibular fractures in partially edentulous patients. Closed treatment alternatives. A Cases series

Para el tratamiento de fracturas mandibulares existen protocolos cuyo propósito primordial es la función temprana. Existen diversos motivos por los cuales no se puede ejecutar ciertas técnicas en Venezuela, principalmente por problemas económicos para la adquisición de materiales de osteosíntesis especializados. Por esta razón, se ha recurrido a técnicas quirúrgicas antiguas. Se presenta un estudio con diseño longitudinal de tipo descriptivo, para el reporte de serie de 5 casos clínicos de fracturas de mandíbula, con los siguientes criterios de inclusión: presentar fractura mandibular en pacientes dentados parcialmente con imposibilidad al acceso al material de osteosíntesis del sistema de cargas soportadas. Tratados bajo procedimiento quirúrgico cerrado, la condición de edentulismo parcial confiere a la fractura de mandíbula inestabilidad, dificulta la reducción anatómica, pérdida de dimensión vertical y transversal, las que se recuperan a través de la elaboración de férulas tipo Gunning modificadas. Estas férulas se mantuvieron en posición con alambrados de suspensión ósea tipo circummandibulares y circumzigomáticos, como medios para establecer estabilidad en el tiempo. Se obtuvieron resultados satisfactorios, por lo que, aún hoy en día se pueden plantear como opciones de tratamiento.

For the treatment of mandibular fractures, there are protocols whose primary purpose is early function. However, several reasons prevent the execution of these techniques in Venezuela, mainly due to economic problems regarding the acquisition of specialized osteosynthesis materials. As a result, there is a necessity to resort to old surgical techniques. A study with a descriptive longitudinal design is presented, reporting 5 clinical cases of jaw fractures with the following inclusion criteria: presenting a mandibular fracture in partially dentate patients with impossibility of accessing the osteosynthesis material of the load-bearing system. The treatment conducted under closed surgical procedures. The condition of partial edentulism confers instability to the mandible fracture, hindering anatomical reduction and causing a loss of vertical and transverse dimension. These issues are addressed through the utilization of modified Gunning-type splints, which help in recovery. The splints were maintained in position with circum-mandibular and circum-zygomatic bone suspension wiring as a means to establish stability over time. Satisfactory results were obtained, indicating that these techniques can still be considered as treatment options today.

Profil des édentements partiels selon la classification de Kennedy-Applegate dans une structure de soins dentaires de Lomé (Togo) / Profile of partial edentulism according to the Kennedy-Applegate classification in a dental care structure in Lome (Togo)

Introduction. La documentation des édentements partiels est un indicateur de l'état buccodentaire et permet d'évaluer les besoins en soins prothétiques. L'objectif de ce travail était de décrire le profil des édentements partiels selon la classification de Kennedy-Applegate dans une structure de soins dentaires. Matériels et méthodes. Il Une étude transversale descriptive a été réalisée durant 3 mois dans le service d'odonto-stomatologie et de chirurgie maxillo-faciale du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio (CHU-SO) de Lomé (Togo). Les données sociodémographiques et cliniques des patients inclus ont été recueillies et analysées grâce au logiciel Jamovi® version 2.2.5. Résultats. L'échantillon comportait 82 sujets dont 50% de femmes. L'âge moyen était de 47,4 ± 15,1ans. Les édentements de classe III de Kennedy prédominaient avec 75,2% des arcades édentées. Les édentements de classe III étaient retrouvés à 82,1% dans la tranche d'âge 19-40 ans, les 61 ans et plus comptaient 20% des classes I et 24% des classes II. L'édentement était significativement associé à l'âge (p=0,046). Conclusion. Il apparait que la classe III de Kennedy est globalement la plus fréquente des édentements partiels et que l'étendue édentement augmenterait avec l'âge

Introduction. Documentation of partial edentulism is an indicator of oral health status and enables prosthetic care needs to be assessed. The aim of this study was to describe the pattern of partial edentulism according to the Kennedy-Applegate classification in a dental care facility. Materials and methods. This A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a 3-month period in the Odonto-stomatology and maxillofacial surgery department of the Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sylvanus Olympio (CHU-SO) in Lomé (Togo). The sociodemographic and clinical data of the included patients were collected and analysed using Jamovi® version 2.2.5 software. Results. The sample included 82 subjects, 50% of whom were women. The average age was 47.4 ± 15.1 years. Kennedy class III edentulism predominated with 75.2% of edentulousness arches. Class III edentulous was found at 82.1% in the 19-40 years age group, those aged 61 years and over had 20% of class I and 24% of class II. Edentulism was significantly associated with age (p=0.046). Conclusion. It appears that Kennedy class III is globally the most frequent of partial edentulism and that the extent of edentulism would increase with age.

Influencia del uso de prótesis dental en la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores

Introducción: El envejecimiento es un fenómeno presente a lo largo del ciclo vital, desde el mismo proceso de la concepción hasta la muerte, donde el uso de prótesis dental puede influir en la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del uso de prótesis dental en la calidad de vida de los adultos mayores de la clínica privada Dental C&S Luis Fernando Criollo, Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal en 23 ancianos seleccionados mediante un muestreo no probabilístico. La recolección de la información se realió mediante una encuesta validada por expertos. Se analizó el uso de prótesis total, tiempo de su uso, problemas en la masticación, desajuste con facilidad y a qué lo atribuye, afección de la mucosa bucal por la masticación, tiempo en tomar los alimentos y características de estos. Resultados: Predominó del uso de prótesis total (62,5 %) con más de 2 años de uso (59,1 %). El 59,5 % refirió tener problemas en la masticación al usar las prótesis y que se les desajustaban con facilidad (54,5 %), atribuyen esto último al consumo de alimentos duros (50,0 %). Se encontró la presencia de lesiones en las encías en el 56,5 % de los encuestados, los que demoraban alrededor de 40 minutos en tomar sus comidas. Conclusiones: El uso de prótesis influye en la calidad de vida del adulto mayor al afectar la masticación, desajustarse la prótesis al ingerir alimentos duros, presentar lesiones en la mucosa bucal y utilizar más tiempo en la toma de sus alimentos.

Introduction: Aging is a phenomenon present throughout the life cycle, from the beginning to end of life, where the use of dental prostheses may have a great impact on the quality of life. Objective: To determine the influence of the use of dental prostheses on the quality of life of the older adult patients treated in the private dental clinic Dental C&S Dr. Luis Fernando Criollo, located in the city of Esmeraldas, Ecuador. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in 23 elderly people selected by non-probabilistic sampling. The information was collected by means of a survey validated by experts. It was analyzed the use of total prosthesis, time of use, chewing problems, easily misaligned and the causes, affectation of the buccal mucosa caused by chewing, time in taking food and its characteristics. Results: The use of total prosthesis was predominant (62.5%) in the adults studied and 59.1% of them referred have been using it for more than 2 years. The 59.5% reported chewing problems when using the prosthesis, 54.5% reported a frequent prosthesis misalignment, in which 50.0% of them reported the consumption of hard foods as main cause. The 56.5% of respondents was found with gums problem and they took approximately 40 minutes to eat their meals. Conclusions: The use of prostheses have a great impact on the quality of life of older adults, causing on them chewing problems and misalignment when eating hard foods, presenting lesions in the oral mucosa and taking more time to eat.

Introdução: O envelhecimento é um fenômeno presente em todo o ciclo vital, desde o próprio processo de concepção até a morte, onde o uso de próteses dentárias pode influenciar na qualidade de vida. Objetivo: Determinar a influência do uso de próteses dentárias na qualidade de vida dos idosos da clínica privada Dental C&S Luis Fernando Criollo, Esmeraldas, Equador. Método: Estudo transversal descritivo realizado em 23 idosos selecionados por amostragem não probabilística. A coleta de informações foi realizada por meio de uma pesquisa validada por especialistas. Foram analisados o uso de prótese total, tempo de uso, problemas mastigatórios, desalinhamento com facilidade e a que se atribui, acometimento da mucosa oral devido à mastigação, tempo gasto para se alimentar e suas características. Resultados: Predominou o uso de prótese total (62,5%) com mais de 2 anos de uso (59,1%). 59,5% relataram ter problemas de mastigação ao usar as próteses e que elas se desajustavam facilmente (54,5%), atribuem isso ao consumo de alimentos duros (50,0%). A presença de lesões gengivais foi constatada em 56,5% dos entrevistados, que demoravam em torno de 40 minutos para realizar suas refeições. Conclusões: O uso de prótese influencia na qualidade de vida do idoso por afetar a mastigação, desajustar a prótese ao ingerir alimentos duros, apresentar lesões na mucosa oral e passar mais tempo comendo.

Dantha Bhagya Scheme-A Way Forward for People with Edentulism in India

Oral health problems are emerging as one of the major public health concerns. Elderly people have to face many difficulties in utilizing oral health services, especially the below-the-poverty-line population. Taking into Consideration Dantha Bhagya Yojana was launched in Karnataka, for the Below poverty line population as dental services are highly-priced. Databases, media articles, and government official websites providing information regarding Dantha Bhagya Yojana were considered. The scheme aims to provide complete and partial dentures to the senior citizens of Karnataka, belonging to the below poverty line category. The program works under public-private partnership lines and is proving to be helpful to the beneficiaries in Karnataka province. These services are made available in public as well as private dental colleges of Karnataka. The community healthcare workers' role is to identify the edentulous patients and refer them to the nearby dental college for treatment.

Association de la Piézographie et de l'implantologie dans la gestion d'un cas d'édentement complet mandibulaire à crête résorbée

Lack of retention and stability are the main complaints in complete removable mandibular dentures due to the continuous bone resorption in edentulous subjects. Several therapeutic alternatives can be recommended in order to improve the prosthetic balance. The piezographic technique proves to be one of the most efficient techniques in these situations. It allows an optimal prosthetic integration in the functional corridor of this prosthesis. Today, the implant solution appears to be a determining factor in the successful treatment of this type of edentulism. It enhances the retention of complete removable mandibular prostheses.In this work, a clinical illustration of a similar case will be treated with a complete mandibular denture using these two therapeutic solutions combined.

Quality of Life in Patients with Dental Prosthesis in South Indian Population – Chennai, Tamil Nadu: An Epidemiological Survey

A questionnaire consisting of approximately 9 questions is prepared individually for patients and circulated in specified locality and the responses given by the patients are statistically analysed to determine the awareness about “QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH DENTAL PROSTHESIS”. The patients are completely/partially edentulous and who are prosthesis wearers. About 179 patients were surveyed and analysed. Patients’ perceived Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) may be defined as a multidimensional construct incorporating at least three broad domains: physical, psychological and social functioning. In the dental field, assessment of an individual’s Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) has been exponentially increasing during the last decade to evaluate the impact of a disease or of treatment efficacy. Particularly in prosthodontics, several studies and systematic reviews have demonstrated that partial and conventional complete dentures significantly improved OHRQoL, especially concerning aesthetics and function. Qualities of life include the subjective sense of physical and/or mental well-being. In its broadest and most inclusive sense, it is sometimes referred to as “life satisfaction”. Bio-functionality tests are employed to investigate theprevalence of missing teeth and prosthodontic replacements in South Indian adult population using a hierarchical dental functional classification system. The paper aims to evaluate quality of life in patients with dental prosthesis done in south Indian population - Chennai, Tamilnadu: an epidemiological survey. The reasons for measuring HRQOL and functional status are that they provide a means of identifying and monitoring the impact of disease and interventions on the physical and mental health of elderly individuals as they themselves perceive this impact. Some of the causes of decreased HRQOL may be preventable and others are treatable with appropriate interventions. Short questionnaires that ask about these issues and are incorporated routinely into patient visits can provide information on HRQOL that alerts clinicians to changes that otherwise might go unrecognized. The number of “20 natural teeth” is the generally accepted WHO operative criterion for a functional natural dentition for adequate bio-functionality. In conclusion Quality of life is certainly disturbed in complete/partial edentulism. It includes in all aspect from psychological to functional.

Morbilidad en ancianos con pérdida dentaria / Morbidity in elderly with dental loss

Introducción: La pérdida dentaria tiene consecuencias en la apariencia y en la función fisiológica general del adulto mayor, lo cual constituye un problema aún no resuelto en la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. Objetivo: Describir la morbilidad en adultos mayores con pérdida de dientes permanentes. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, observacional y de corte transversal en la Clínica Simón Bolívar del municipio de Diego Ibarra, perteneciente al estado venezolano de Carabobo, desde enero hasta junio del 2016. El universo estuvo constituido por 100 adultos mayores de 60 años y más, ambos sexos y desdentados parciales o totales. Las variables analizadas fueron edad, sexo, higiene bucal, número de dientes permanentes perdidos, así como el tipo de aparatología protésica requerida. Se emplearon las frecuencias relativa y absoluta como medidas de resumen. Resultados: Se encontró que 73,0 % de los ancianos perdieron sus dientes por caries dental, siendo las féminas y el grupo de 60-64 años de edad el más afectado. Asimismo, predominaron la higiene bucal deficiente y la necesidad de prótesis parcial. Conclusiones: Existió una elevada morbilidad en los adultos mayores con pérdida dentaria, lo cual afectó su funcionalidad, estética y autoestima, que de no ser corregida pudiera provocar consecuencias importantes en la cavidad bucal y en el resto del cuerpo, sin olvidar la prevención o detección precoz de cualquier otra enfermedad bucal que la genere.

Introduction: Dental loss has consequences in the elderly general physiologic function and appearance, that constitutes an unsolved problem in the Bolivian Republic of Venezuela. Objective: To describe the morbidity in elderly with loss of permanent teeth. Method: A descriptive, observational and cross-sectional study was carried out in Simón Bolívar Clinic from Diego Ibarra municipality, belonging to Carabobo in Venezuela, from January to June, 2016. The universe was constituted by 100 elderly of 60 years and more from both sexes and partially or totally toothless. The analyzed variables were age, sex, oral hygiene, number of lost permanent teeth, as well as the type of prosthesis required. The relative and absolute frequencies were used as summary measures. Results: It was found that 73.0 % of the elderly lost their teeth due to dental decay, being women and the 60-64 age group the most affected one. Also, the poor oral hygiene and the necessity of partial prosthesis prevailed. Conclusions: A high morbidity existed in elderly with dental loss, which affected their functionality, aesthetics and self-esteem that could cause important consequences in the oral cavity and in the rest of the body if it is not corrected, without forgetting the prevention or early detection of any other oral disease that generates it.

A Cross Sectional Study of Association between Edentulism and Depression in Varanasi Population

This study was conducted to estimate the depression label; due to edentulism and measure the treatment outcome. Methods: A questionnaire were distributed to 96 edentulous participants undergoing routine prosthetic care in Department of Dentistry, Heritage Institute of Medical Sciences Varanasi and Various private clinics in Varanasi district. Results: Among Ninety six people who completed the questionnaire, 56 stated that they had experienced difficulties in accepting the loss of their teeth. In comparison with people who had no difficulties in accepting the situation, these people were feel less confident about themselves, more likely to feel inhibited in carrying out everyday activities. Conclusion: The label of depression of majority of participants were minimal only few participants showed marked or severe depression.

Association between edentulism and cognition among people aged 50 and over / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the association between edentulism and cognition in people aged 50 and over in China.@*Methods@#Cross-sectional data was collected from the first wave of World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health in China, among people aged 50 and over in China. A comprehensive cognitive test was used to assess cognitive functions, including verbal recall (VR), verbal fluency (VF), forward digit span (FDS) and backward digit span (BDS) among the subjects. Association between edentulism and cognition was examined by a two-level (individual level and community level) linear model.@*Results@#A total of 12 843 individuals aged 50 years and over were included for analysis, with an average age of (63.0±9.3) years. The overall prevalence of edentulism was 11.0%. The edentulous adults had lower mean scores of VR (4.55), VF (10.88), FDS (6.25), BDS (2.96) and overall cognition (49.15) (P<0.001). Edentulism was negatively associated with VR (β=-0.216, 95%CI: -0.370 - -0.062), FDS (β=-0.186, 95%CI: -0.293 - -0.078) and overall cognition (β=-1.703, 95%CI: -3.025 - -0.381) after adjusted for age, sex, residence, education level, marital status, household income, co-morbidity of chronic conditions, BMI, smoking and drinking alcohol.@*Conclusion@#Edentulism was related with lower cognition level in people aged 50 and over in China.

“Burden of the Triumph:” Burden of peri-implantitis in Indian population – A mathematical model

India suffers from a heavy burden of oral diseases. Dental implants (DIs) are prescribed widely by the dental practitioners to replace lost natural teeth. There is no estimate, however, to determine the number of DIs or the number of people with peri-implantitis or the failure of implants after placement. In this modeling study, we attempted to estimate the prevalence of adult Indians who would choose DI in the near future and to calculate the peri-implantitis and failure of DI. Materials and Methods: Using the Global Burden of Disease database (2016), the number of dental caries in permanent dentition, periodontal diseases, and edentulism was obtained. Empirical assumptions of patients with anodontia in urban and rural areas who opted for DI, percentage of implants placed, the affordability factors, and mathematical models for DI were formed and executed. Peri-implantitis and survival data from literary evidence were collated. Results: Based on assumptions, 909,643 Indians, (830,231–858,703) would choose DI. Estimated number of peri-implantitis would be 145,543–254,700 and estimated number of failures should be 50,940–79,412 in the near future. Conclusions: In spite of the high economic challenge and the risks or complications of peri-implantitis, DIs are gaining prominence. It is the dentists' burden to face the renewed challenges due to emerge and provide remedial measures.

Implant prosthesis design scheme for sophisticated congenital partial edentia / 华西口腔医学杂志

Sophisticated congenital partial edentia are often accompanied by severe shortage of bone height and width due to the absence of permanent teeth; such condition will affect implant placement. This study aimed to display the different typical implant rehabilitation schemes we designed for sophisticated congenital partial edentia cases with severely atrophic alveolar bone.

A case of full mouth rehabilitation in patient with loss of vertical dimension and deep bite due to tooth wear / 대한치과보철학회지

The collapse of the posterior occlusion destroys the normal occlusal plane and causes excessive wear reducing the vertical dimension. Reduced vertical dimension of occlusion causes not only aesthetic and functional problems but also overloading on the temporomandibular joints and abnormalities of muscle nerve system. In order to improve the collapsed occlusal relationship, it is necessary to consider the change of the vertical dimension. It is necessary to make a precise diagnosis and analysis before the treatment and to evaluate the adaption of patient to the new vertical dimension of occlusion. A patient with excessive overbite often has occlusal problems of tooth wear and tooth eruption. Considering these considerations, overall prosthodontic restoration is required to solve the problem. A patient of 68 year old man in this case who suffered major tooth wear and maxillary posterior teeth loss was treated with elevation of vertical dimension of occlusion by maxillary removable dental prosthesis and mandibular fixed prosthesis.

Frecuencia y características de hallazgos y variaciones óseas en radiografías panorámicas de personas con edentulismo total / Frequency and characteristics of incidental findings in panoramic radiographs and bone variations in people with total edentulism

Antecedentes: Según el Estudio Nacional de Salud Bucal del 2014, el 5,20 % de la población colombiana presenta edentulismo total y el 32,8 % en la población de más de 65 años. Sin embargo, otros parámetros relevantes para el correcto abordaje del edentulismo, deben ser analizados con estudios radiográficos. Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia y características de los hallazgos y las variaciones óseas en radiografías panorámicas de pacientes totalmente edéntulos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en 10.000 radiografías panorámicas de las cuales se analizaron las que correspondían a pacientes con edentulismo total mediante el programa CliniView 9.3. Se registraron variables de sexo, edad, altura de rebordes alveolares, altura de rama y cóndilo mandibulares, así como los hallazgos radiográficos. Resultados: Se encontraron 112 radiografías de pacientes con edentulismo total, 51,8 % con algún tipo de hallazgo. El más frecuente fueron los implantes 33,9 % seguido por restos radiculares en 13,4 %. No hubo diferencias en los promedios de las medidas óseas en los dos lados. Los hombres tienen mayor altura de reborde alveolar en el maxilar inferior que las mujeres (p<0,05). Los valores de altura condilar fueron similares para ambos sexos. Se encontró mayor valor de la altura de la rama mandibular en los hombres (p<0,05). Conclusiones: La frecuencia de hallazgos radiográficos en pacientes edéntulos totales es considerable. Las variaciones óseas ocasionadas por la ausencia de dientes, deben ser tenidas en cuenta para la toma de las decisiones clínicas de restauración con prótesis total o con implantes.

Background: According to the 2014 National Oral Health Study, 5.20 % of the Colombian population has total edentulism and 32.8 % in the population over 65 years of age. However, other parameters relevant to the correct approach to edentulism should be analyzed with radiographic studies. Purpose: To identify the frequency and characteristics of the findings and bone variations in panoramic radiographs of totally edentulous patients. Methods: A descriptive, observational study was carried out on 10.000 panoramic radiographs, from which those corresponding to patients with total edentulism were analyzed using the CliniView 9.3 program. Variables of sex, age, alveolar ridge height, mandibular branch height and condyle, as well as radiographic findings were recorded. Results: 112 radiographs of patients with total edentulism were found, 51.8 % with some type of incidental finding. Most frequent were implants 33.9 % followed by root remains in 13.4 %. There were no differences in the averages of the bone measurements on both sides. Men have higher alveolar ridge height in the lower jaw than women (p <0.05). Condylar height values were similar for both sexes. A higher value of the height of the mandibular branch was found in men (p <0.05). Conclusions: Frequency of radiographic incidental findings in total edentulous patients is considerable. The bony variations caused by the absence of teeth must be taken into account when making clinical decisions of restoration with total prosthesis or with implants.

La saliva en pacientes edéntulos completos / Saliva in totally edentulous patients

La saliva es un fluido biológico importante en la fisiología de la cavidad bucal. El propósito de estarevisión fue considerar las relaciones entre el edentulismo completo y el perfil fisiológico de la saliva. El flujo salival, el pH y la capacidad tampón tienen relación con el número de dientes perdidos, presencia de prótesis dentales y métodos de determinación del flujo (saliva no estimulada o estimulada). Las fracciones de proteínas en muestras de saliva total muestran diferencias entre individuos dentados y pacientes edéntulos. Este conocimiento permitirá a los clínicos, comprender mejor el impacto del edentulismo sobre las propiedades de la saliva y planificar el tratamiento en consecuencia.

Saliva is an important biological fluid in oralphysiology. The purpose of this review wasto consider relationships among complete edentulism and saliva physiological profile. Salivaryflow rate, pH and buffer capacity has a relationwith the number of missing teeth, presence ofdental prostheses and methods of determining flow rate (unstimulated or stimulated saliva). Protein fractions in whole salivary samplesshow differences between dentate individuals and edentulous patients. This knowledge willenable clinicians to better understand the impactof edentulism on salivary properties and plan treatment accordingly.

Alternative technique for preliminary impression in edentulous patients / Técnica alternativa para moldagem preliminar de pacientes desdentados totais

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the reproducibility of the anatomic models of edentulous maxillary and mandibular arches. Material and Methods: Alginate molds of the edentulous arches of standard model were performed and the tray was placed to the special device. These models received three metal spheres on surface with two positioned on the crest of the alveolar ridge (spheres 1 and 2) and other one perpendicular to the intersection of the midpalatal suture (sphere 3) and impression was performed using alginate. The proportion powder/ liquid was measured according manufacturer for both arches. To double molding technique with alginate was necessary to uniformly relieve using an acetate film. After that, were performed the first impression and the second layer of alginate with conventional water-powder-proportion and also the second layer of alginate with altered waterpowder-proportion. The distances of each spheres wereobtained using a three-dimensional measuringmachine, and the data were analyzed byDunnet, ANOVA and Tukey tests with a significant level of 5%. Results: A comparison of the water-powderproportion showed significant differences in the maxillary archer with sphere distance between 3-2 (p< 0.0001) and 1-3(p< 0.0001). The mandibular archer showed significant differences when relief between distance 1-2 (p< 0.041). The Dunnet test showed different in 1-2 mandibular groups (p< 0.0450). Conclusion: The reline alginate techniques showed differences in results in comparison to the conventional technique, however, the proportion water/powder technique modified, decreasing the viscosity, showed satisfactory results, the relief variable showed no difference statistically significantly and the techniques proposed could be employed in clinical practice (AU)

Objetivo: O propósito deste estudo foi analisar o grau de reproducibilidade de modelos anatômicos de arcos maxilares e mandibulares. Material e Métodos: Moldes de alginato de modelos padrão desdentados foram realizados a partir do uso de uma moldeira adaptada em um dispositivo metálico. Os modelos receberam três esferas em sua superfície onde duas eram posicionadas na crista do rebordo alveolar (esferas 1 e 2) e uma outra perpendicular à interseção da rafe mediana (esfera 3) e a moldagem foi realizada com o emprego do alginato. A proporção pó e liquido foi mensurada de acordo com o fabricante do alginato para ambos os arcos. Para a técnica de moldagem dupla com alginato foi necessário fazer um alívio com filme de acetato. Após isto foi realizada a primeira moldagem e depois uma segunda camada onde empregou-se a proporção pó líquido convencional e ainda, uma outra situação onde esta proporção foi alterada. A distância entre as esferas foi medida no modelo por uso de equipamento de mensuração tridimensional e os dados foram analisados por Dunnet, Anova e teste Tukey com nível de significância em 5%. Resultados: A comparação da proporção água e pó mostrou diferença estatística significante para os arcos maxilares entre as esferas 3-2 (p< 0.0001). O arco mandibular mostrou diferenças significantes quando avaliada a distância 1-2 (p<0.041). O teste Dunnet mostrou diferenças para o grupo mandibular entre esferas 1-2 (p< 0.0450). Conclusão: A técnica de rembasamento de alginato mostrou resultados diferentes à técnica convencional, contudo a técnica de modificação da proporção água pó diminuiu a viscosidade do alginato, mostrou resultados satisfatórios, outrossim a variável alívio não mostrou diferenças estatísticas. A variação técnica proposta mostrou-se ser viável do ponto de vista clínico.(AU)

Complete denture treatment using lingualized occlusion scheme at the edentulous patient with severely absorbed flat residual ridges: a case report

Many factors should be considered for successful denture treatment at edentulous patients: support, retention, stability, occlusion, esthetics, etc. The patient who has severely absorbed residual ridges, however, treatments are challenging to satisfy those factors. The dentures that use anatomic artificial teeth show good mastication efficiency and esthetics but, can easily lose stability at absorbed ridges. On the contrary, the dentures that use non-anatomic artificial teeth perform better stability but, lower masticatory efficiency and esthetics at absorbed ridges. The lingualized occlusion, using both anatomic and non-anatomic teeth, introduced for compromise those of the pros and cons. At lingualized occlusion, buccal cusps of the teeth do not contact on centric relation. Therefore, direction of the occlusal force towards lingually, then stability of dentures increases. This case report shows the results of the treatment flat residual ridges using complete dentures with ligualized occlusion to increase dentures stability and satisfactory of the patient.

Full-mouth rehabilitation of partial edentulism in a deep bite patient / 대한치과보철학회지

Deep overbite patients who do not have proper occlusal relationship may cause problems such as teeth wear and antagonist extrusion. These lead to the collapse of occlusal plane and esthetic problem. Increasing vertical dimension is frequently essential to resolve those problems. This case report demonstrates a full-mouth rehabilitation for a patient with severe deep bite that contacts surface to surface by increasing vertical dimension. Treatment procedures included diagnosis, treatment planning, implant surgery, and prosthodontic rehabilitation. Satisfactory results were obtained in functional and esthetic aspects.

Implant prosthesis for fully edentulous patients using intra-oral scanning and abutment merging technique: A case report / 대한치과보철학회지

In this case, the impression surface of the existing denture was scanned and was inverted three-dimensionally to express the residual ridge form. Implant planning was performed on the superimposed data of the CT with the scanned image of the denture with radiopaque markers attached. At the day of surgery, customized abutments fabricated in accordance with the form of the gingival margin were linked with fixtures and temporary restorations were set. In the process of fabricating the final prosthesis after the osseointegration of implant fixture, the intraoral scan images at abutment level were merged with images of the abutments scanned and stored before implant surgery. By fabricating the final prosthesis with the abutments obtained by merging can increase the marginal fitness of the final prosthesis and simplify the clinical process.

Edentulismo en adultos de Pachuca, México: aspectos sociodemográficos y socioeconómicos / Edentulism in Mexican adults: sociodemographic and socioeconomic aspects

Introducción La pérdida de dientes se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública bucal. Objetivo Determinar la prevalencia y distribución del edentulismo, así como las variables sociodemográficas y socioeconómicas asociadas en individuos de 35 años y más. Materiales y métodos Se realizó un estudio transversal en 656 sujetos seleccionados de forma aleatoria. En el estudio se incluyeron hombres y mujeres de 35 años y más, asistentes a las clínicas de atención dental de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo (UAEH), una universidad pública de México. Para la realización de este estudio los examinadores fueron capacitados en la cumplimentación de los cuestionarios y estandarizados en el criterio diagnóstico de la pérdida de dientes. La variable dependiente fue el edentulismo. Los datos fueron analizados en Stata 11. Resultados El promedio de edad fue de 49,06 ± 10,33. Los individuos fueron principalmente mujeres (63,3%). La prevalencia general de edentulismo fue de 15,7% (IC 95%: 12,9-18,5); entre las mujeres fue de 17,6% y en los hombres de 12,5% (p = 0,081). La prevalencia de edentulismo fue mayor entre los sujetos de más edad (p < 0,001). Se observó que a mayor escolaridad (p < 0,001), a mejor nivel socioeconómico (p < 0,001) y en quienes tuvieron automóvil en el hogar (p < 0,05), la prevalencia de edentulismo fue menor. Conclusiones La prevalencia de edentulismo en adultos mayores de 35 años que acuden a las clínicas de esta universidad fue del 15,7%. Se observó diferencia de la prevalencia de edentulismo por edad, pero no por sexo. Se observaron diferencias socioeconómicas, sugiriendo ciertas desigualdades en salud bucal.

Introduction Tooth loss has become a problem of oral health. Objective To determine the prevalence and distribution of edentulism, as well as the associated sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables in subjects aged 35 and older. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 656 randomly selected subjects. The study included men and women aged 35 years and older attending dental care clinics at a public university in Mexico. Examiners were trained in filling out questionnaires and receiving training in order to standardise the criteria of tooth loss. The dependent variable was the presence of edentulism. The data were analysed using Stata 11. Results The mean age of the population was 49.06 ± 10.33 years, and the majority (63.3%) were women. The overall prevalence of edentulism was 15.7% (95% CI: 12.9-18.5%); the prevalence among women was 17.6% and the prevalence among men was 12.5% (P = .081). The prevalence of edentulism was higher among older subjects (P < .001). The prevalence of edentulism was lower among individuals with higher levels of education (P < .001), those with higher socioeconomic status (P < .001), and those who had a car at home (P < 0.05) Conclusions The prevalence of edentulism in adults over 35 years of age attending dental care clinics at this public university was 15.7%. Differences were observed in the prevalence of edentulism by age, but not by gender. Socioeconomic differences were observed, suggesting certain oral health inequalities.