Quando lazer e saúde se encontram: uma aproximação teórica possível para a composição de práticas cotidianas / When leisure and health meet: a possible theoretical approach for the composition of everyday practices

A vida cotidiana, para além de um conjunto de atividades desenvolvidas e vivenciadas ao longo dos dias, é também um tempo recheado de sentidos e significados. Inseridos nesse tempo, estão o lazer e a saúde, elementos centrais para a manutenção da vida individual e coletiva. Inseridos também em diferentes currículos acadêmicos, estes grandes campos de conhecimento são, muitas vezes, apresentados e tratados de forma separada durante o processo de formação acadêmica profissional. Este texto, fruto de uma Residência pós-doutoral no Programa de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Estudos do Lazer, é uma composição conjunta entre um terapeuta ocupacional e um profissional de Educação Física, na tentativa de aproximar os núcleos de conhecimento e apresentar uma nova possibilidade de abordagem para os Estudo do Lazer.

Everyday life, in addition to a set of activities developed and experienced throughout the day, is also a time filled with meanings and meanings. Included in this time are leisure and health, central elements for maintaining individual and collective life. Also included in different academic curricula, these major fields of knowledge are often presented and treated separately during the process of professional academic training. This text, the result of a post-doctoral residency in the Interdisciplinary PostGraduate Program in Leisure Studies, is a joint composition between an occupational therapist and a Physical Education professional, in an attempt to bring knowledge centers closer together and present a new possibility approach to Leisure Studies.

Intervention effect of 12 week spinal health gymnastics on high and low shoulder exercise in adolescents / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the intervention effect of 12 week spinal health exercise on adolescents high and low shoulders, in order to provide empirical evidence for exploring simple and feasible measures to intervene.@*Methods@#In February 2023, 60 high and low shoulder students from a vocational high school in a certain county of Luzhou City were randomly selected as the research subjects by convenient sampling method. Paired sampling was used to randomly divide participants into an intervention group and a control group with 30 students each group. The intervention group received spinal health gymnastics intervention during 12 weeks of morning exercises and large break exercises for twice a day, with two groups each time; the control group maintained their previous morning exercises and large break exercises. A follow up study was conducted on the height difference between the left and right shoulder peaks of the intervention group and the control group students before intervention, after 12 weeks intervention, at 4 weeks post intervention. The t-test was used to analyze the changes in shoulder peak height difference between the intervention group and the control group.@*Results@#Before intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the height of the left and right shoulder peaks between the intervention group [(2.50±1.19)cm] and the control group [(2.49±1.20)cm] adolescents ( t=0.05, P > 0.05). After 12 weeks of intervention, the difference in shoulder height between the left and right sides of adolescents in the intervention group decreased, compared to that before intervention [(1.43±1.15, 2.50±1.19)cm], while the control group increased compared to that before intervention [(2.58±1.19, 2.49±1.20) cm], and the differences were both statistically significant ( t= -78.17 , 20.15, P <0.05). At 4 weeks post intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the height of the left and right shoulder peaks between the intervention group [(1.44±1.15)cm] and the control group [(2.59±1.18)cm] compared to 12 weeks after the intervention ( t=1.80, 1.05, P >0.05). The intervention group [(2.49±1.26, 2.52±1.16) (1.43±1.21, 1.44±1.13) (1.44±1.21, 1.45±1.14)cm] and the control group [(2.45±1.24, 2.52±1.20) (2.55±1.24, 2.61±1.18) (2.55±1.22, 2.62±1.18)cm] showed no statistically significant difference in the height of the left and right shoulder peaks between males and females before intervention, after 12 weeks of intervention, and after stopping intervention for 4 weeks ( t =-0.08, -0.03, -0.02; -0.15, -0.12, -0.15, P >0.05).@*Conclusions@#Spinal health gymnastics has a good effect on correcting high and low shoulders in adolescents. Spinal health gymnastics should be promoted on campus to promote adolescent posture health.

Effects of after school exercise service on physical fitness in primary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the effects of after school exercise service (referred to as the "after school ES") on physical health, so as to provide evidence for possible beneficial effect of after school ES.@*Methods@#Students in the fourth grade of primary school were recruited from September 2021 to July 2022 in Changsha City and divided into the control group ( n =220) and the after school ES group ( n =220). The control group only participated in the regular physical education activities of the school. The after school ES group received after school ES for one academic year, 4 times a week, 40-50 minutes per time, for a total of 32 weeks. Body shape indicators such as height, weight and percentage of body fat, as well as physical fitness indicators such as 50 meter running, grip strength and progressive aerobic cardiovascular endurance run (PACER) were measured in September to October 2021 and June to July 2022, respectively. Independent sample t-test, Chi square test and two factors repeated measurement analysis of variance were used for statistical analysis of the data.@*Results@#After one academic year, compared with the control group [(13.52±2.30)kg], muscle mass of primary school students in the after school ES group [(13.76±2.32)kg] significantly increased, while waist to hip ratio [(0.95±0.16)] and percentage of body fat [(20.17±7.43)%] significantly decreased compared to the control group [(1.01±0.21), (22.02±12.34)%]( F=330.70, 6.85, 4.33, P <0.05). The proportion of overweight and obesity in after school ES group decreased significantly from 19.5% to 12.3% ( χ 2=4.35, P <0.05). Compared with the control group, the scores of 50 meter running [(10.00±1.06, 10.21±0.83)s], 1 minute sit up [(33.25±8.24, 30.76±9.34)times], sitting and flexion [(14.53±7.50, 8.59±6.32)cm], 1 minute rope skipping [(125.01±30.50, 115.97±32.09)times], eyes closed and single legged standing [(30.00±34.72, 25.72±23.82)s], selective response time [(635.66±91.72, 652.79±120.42)ms] and VO 2max [(45.31± 1.02 , 43.67±0.85)mL/(kg〖 ·min)] in the after school ES group were significantly improved, with statistical significance ( F= 5.32 , 443.14, 97.23, 814.07, 36.49, 6.11, 396.91, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#After school ES can improve body shape of primary school students, reduce the risk of overweight and obesity and enhance physical fitness. It is recommended that schools should appropriately increase after school ES to promote physical fitness of students.

Effects of group sports game intervention on social skills and quality of life in children with austism spectrum disorders / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effects of group sports game intervention on social ability and quality of life of children with austism spectrum disorders (ASD),so as to provide reference for rehabilitation intervention of social and quality of life of children with ASD.@*Methods@#From September 2021 to January 2022, 72 children with ASD aged 4-6 in the children s rehabilitation department of Xiangyang Central Hospital were selected to participate in the study, and were randomly divided into experimental group ( n =36) and control group ( n =36). The control group received routine rehabilitation training (including individual sports game training), and the experimental group replaced individual sports game training with group sports game training on the basis of routine rehabilitation.The course content mainly included three parts: warm up before class, group sports games and relaxation after class. The course combined social skills with sports games, and was carried out in a group form (divided into 12 groups with 3 people in each group), and was trained five times a week for 60 minutes, for a total of 12 weeks. The scores of Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC), Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Version 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL 4.0) were observed before and after treatment. t-test and χ 2 test were used for statistical analysis.@*Results@#There was no significant difference in SRS scores between the experimental group and the control group before intervention ( t =-0.63, P >0.05). After the intervention, the total response rate in the experimental group was 83.33 %, higher than 41.67% in the control group χ 2=13.33, P <0.05),and the SRS scores decreased in the experimental group and control group ( t =17.75,8.71, P <0.05). The SRS scale score of the experimental group Social perception (17.67±4.12) , social cognition (30.33±4.99) , social communication (50.33±9.39) , social motivation (24.25±6.78) scores and total scores ( 152.67± 25.82) were lower than those of the control group(22.17±5.34，36.00±4.13，62.58±11.07，34.42±7.13，186.33±29.03)( t = -4.88，-2.03，-2.13，-3.58，-3.01， P ＜0.05).After the intervention, the scores of social function (53.33±18.01) and total score (283.83±51.83) on PedsQL 4.0 scale in experimental group were higher than those in control group(23.33±15.13，218.00±39.01) ( t =4.42，3.52， P ＜0.05). After the intervention, Autism Treatment Evaluation Scale (ATEC) scores of experimental groups(44.33±14.72) was lower than that in control group ( 59.33±16.95)( t =-2.32, P ＜0.05).@*Conclusion@#The intervention of group sports game has a significant effect on improving social ability and life quality of children with ASD.

The influence of physical education at school on the attention of students aged 15-16 years / El impacto de la educación física en la escuela en la atención de los estudiantes de 15 a 16 años / O impacto da educação física na escola na atenção de estudantes de 15 a 16 anos

ABSTRACT Objectives: the influence of physical activity in physical education lessons on the attention indicators of schoolchildren. Material and Methods: 141 students, aged 15-16, who studied in the 9th grade, took part in the experiment. The main research method was the "Trondyke Test", which determines the level of attention development of students. The test was used before and after the physical education lesson 1 time per month for 5 months. Results: students who did not engage in physical education in the lesson were not able to significantly improve their performance in the test, which indicates a possible adaptation to the test after its first performance before the lesson. Students who were engaged in physical exercises could significantly increase the test results. Conclusion: the results obtained determine the effectiveness of the influence of a physical education lesson at school on the indicators of students attention. This study will serve as an additional motivation for students to engage in physical culture, since the impact of physical exercises has a positive effect not only on the development of physical qualities, but also on the attention of schoolchildren. Level of Evidence III; Retrospective Comparative Study.

RESUMEN Objetivos: la influencia de la actividad física en las clases de educación física en los indicadores de atención de los escolares. Material y métodos: Participaron en el experimento 141 escolares, de 15-16 años, que cursaban el noveno grado. El principal método de investigación fue la "Prueba de Trondyke", que determina el nivel de desarrollo de la atención de los escolares. La prueba se usó antes y después de la lección de educación física una vez al mes durante 5 meses. Resultados: los jóvenes que no participaron en educación física en la lección no pudieron mejorar significativamente su rendimiento en la prueba, lo que indica una posible adaptación a la prueba después de su primera actuación antes de la lección. Los escolares que realizaban ejercicios físicos pudieron aumentar significativamente los resultados de la prueba. Conclusión: los resultados obtenidos determinan la efectividad de la influencia de una lección de educación física en la escuela sobre los indicadores de atención de los escolares. Este estudio servirá como una motivación adicional para que los estudiantes participen en la cultura física, ya que el impacto de los ejercicios físicos tiene un efecto positivo no solo en el desarrollo de las cualidades físicas, sino también en la atención de los escolares. Nivel de Evidencia III; Estudio Comparativo Retrospectivo.

RESUMO Objetivos: a influência da atividade física nas aulas de Educação Física nos indicadores de atenção dos escolares. Material e métodos: participaram do experimento 141 escolares, de 15 a 16 anos, que estudaram na 9a série. O principal método de pesquisa foi o "teste de Trondyke", que determina o nível de desenvolvimento da atenção dos escolares. O teste foi utilizado antes e depois da aula de Educação Física uma vez por mês durante 5 meses. Resultados: Os estudantes que não praticaram Educação Física na aula não conseguiram melhorar significativamente seu desempenho no teste, o que indica uma possível adaptação ao teste após sua primeira apresentação antes da aula. Os estudantes que estavam envolvidas em exercícios físicos foram capazes de aumentar significativamente os resultados do teste. Conclusão: os resultados obtidos determinam a eficácia da influência de uma aula de Educação Física na escola nos indicadores de atenção das crianças. Este estudo servirá como uma motivação adicional para os estudantes se envolverem na cultura física, uma vez que o impacto dos exercícios físicos tem um efeito positivo não apenas no desenvolvimento das qualidades físicas, mas também na atenção dos alunos. Nível de Evidência III; Estudo Comparativo Retrospectivo.

Inserção de profissionais de educação física no Sistema Único de Saúde: análise temporal (2007-2021) / Insertion of physical education professionals in the Unified Health System: temporal analysis (2007-2021)

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi descrever e analisar a série temporal da inserção de profissionais de educação física (PEF) no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no período de 2007 a 2021, bem como apresentar a distribuição por regiões e estados de profissionais no território brasileiro. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e de série temporal que utilizou dados secundários oriundos do sistema de consultas do Cadastro Nacional dos Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES). Analisou-se o quantitativo de PEF no SUS nas cinco regiões e nos vinte e seis estados e no Distrito Federal entre 2007 e 2021 e reali-zou-se a análise temporal para verificar a distribuição dos PEF nas regiões brasileiras. Os resultados apontam para um crescimento no número de PEF entre 2007 (n = 22) e 2020 (n = 7.560) em todo o país. Em 2021 observa-se uma redução de 2,8% no quantitativo de PEF. Entre as regiões, os maio-res quantitativos foram observados nas regiões Nordeste e Sudeste, enquanto nos estados a maior concentração foi em Minas Gerais, seguido de São Paulo, Pernambuco, Bahia e Rio Grande do Sul. Observou-se uma tendência crescente de PEF nas regiões Norte e Sul. Conclui-se que o quantitativo de PEF atuantes no SUS teve um crescimento expressivo durante o período analisado, sendo fruto das políticas públicas e programas voltados à promoção da atividade física constituídos ao longo do tempo. Apesar disso, há importantes disparidades geográficas que não devem ser desconsideradas, reforçando a necessidade de estratégias coletivas e investimentos em políticas públicas que fomentem a inserção dos PEF na rede assistencial e de fortalecimento do SUS

The aim of this study was to describe and analyze the time series of physical education professionals (PEF in Portuguese) in the Unified Health System (SUS in Portuguese) from 2007 to 2021, as well as to present their distribution by Brazilian regions and states. This is a time series study which used secondary data from the Consultation System of the National Registry of Health Establishments (CNES in Portuguese). We analyzed the number of PEF in the country, in the five Regions and in the twenty-six States and the Fed-eral District between 2007 and 2021 and the temporal analysis was carried out to verify the distribution of PEF in the Brazilian regions. The results point to an increase in the number of PEF between 2007 (n = 22) and 2020 (n = 7560). In 2021, there is a 2.8% reduction in the amount of PEF. Among the regions, the highest numbers were observed in the Northeast and Southeast regions, while in the states the highest con-centration was in Minas Gerais, followed by São Paulo, Pernambuco, Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul. There was an increasing trend in the distribution of PEF in the North and South regions. The number of PEF working in the SUS had an expressive growth during the analyzed period, being the result of public policies and programs aimed at promoting physical activity constituted over time. Despite this, there are important geographic disparities that should not be disregarded, reinforcing the need for collective strategies and financ-ing in public policies that encourage the insertion of PEFs in the care network and the strengthening of SUS

Narrativas sobre competição esportiva: reflexões e perspectivas / Narratives about sports competition: reflections and perspectives / Narrativas sobre la competición deportiva: reflexiones y perspectivas

Analisar as concepções sobre competição esportiva em publicações acadêmicas brasileiras é o foco deste trabalho. Utilizando-se da revisão sistemática, do tipo estado da arte, foram analisados 175 artigos no recorte temporal 2010-2020 (11 anos) em 14 revistas da área da Educação Física. Há parcimônia dos/as autores/as quanto a complexidade da competição e foram salutares indicativas do rememorar a essência do tema; independente da área de conhecimento específico, foram recorrentes indicativos de um processo respeitoso e pedagógico da competição aos praticantes. Ademais, confirmam que amadores e profissionais; homens e mulheres; idosos e jovens, todos podem (e devem) ter a opção da experiência esportiva no âmbito competitivo (AU).

Analyzing the concepts about sports competition in Brazilian academic publication is the objective of this paper. Using the state-of-art systematic review, 175 articles were considered from 14 Physical Education Journals from 2010 to 2020 (11 years). There is parsimony by the authors regarding the complexity of the competition and greetings indicative of remembering the essence of the theme; regardless of the area of specific knowledge, there were recurrent indicators of a respectful and pedagogical process of the competition for practitioners. Also, it was confirmed that amateurs and professionals; men and women; elderly and young; everyone can (and should) have the possibility of sporting experience in the competitive environment (AU).

Analizar las concepciones sobre la competición deportiva en las publicaciones académicas brasileñas es el foco de este trabajo. Utilizando la revisión sistemática del tipo estado del arte, se buscarán 175 artículos en el período de 2010-2020 en 14 revistas del área de Educación Física. Hay parcimônia a la complejidad de la competición y fueron saludos indicativos de recordar la esencia del tema; independientemente del área de conocimiento específico, fueron recurrentes indicativos para un proceso respetuoso y pedagógico de la competencia por practicantes. También confirman que los atletas aficionados y profesionales; hombres y mujeres; ancianos y jóvenes, todos pueden (y deben) tener la opción de la experiencia deportiva en el entorno competitivo

Effectiveness of Longji Daoyin exercise on adolescents of mild idiopathic scoliosis / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the effectiveness of spinal guidance exercise on adolescents of mild idiopathic scoliosis, so as to provide an experimental reference and method for promoting adolescents spinal health.@*Methods@#From the scoliosis screening, 96 children who met the diagnostic criteria were selected in June 2021, and were divided into the experimental group and the control group, with 48 cases in each group. The experimental group received a 12 week Longji Daoyin exercise training, and the control group received health education, observation and monitoring. Before and after the experiment, the axial trunk rotation (ATR) and scoliosis Cobb angle of the two groups were tested respectively, and the subjective sensation of the patients was measured by Scoliosis Research Society-22(SRS-22) questionnaire.@*Results@#After 12 weeks, the ATR and Cobb angles of the experimental group decreased [( 5.02± 2.85，7.59±3.94)°]，compared to (7.08±2.84)° and (15.84±2.00)° before intervention( t =14.02, 17.09, P < 0.01 ). Scores of functional activity, self image and mental health in the SRS-22 score increased from (4.65±0.14)(3.49±0.21) and (3.99±0.17) to(4.77±0.14)(4.62±0.13)(4.42±0.13)( t =-4.86,-39.12,-13.92, P <0.01 ). The ATR and Cobb angles of the control group increased from (6.94±2.15)° and (15.82±1.76)° to (8.25±2.49)° and (18.63±3.12)°( t =7.44,8.99, P <0.01), and the scores of self image and mental health in the SRS-22 score decreased from (3.49±0.19) and (4.00±0.15) to (3.44±0.18) and (3.94±0.14)( t =-3.74,-4.39, P <0.05).@*Conclusion@#Early adolescent idiopathic scoliosis is easy to aggravate during the observation period. Longji Daoyin exercise is of preventive and therapeutic significance.

Survey on Web Contents Available for Education about Falsified Medicines / 医薬品情報学

Objective: Crimes related to falsified medicines for medical use are of international concern and becoming increasingly sophisticated. Therefore, in this study, we investigated information on education and training/enlightenment activities on falsified medicines worldwide that are open to the public on the Internet to contribute to medical/pharmaceutical professionals’ and consumers’ education regarding falsified medicines in Japan.Methods: In April 2023, we searched the information written in English and Japanese on education and training/enlightenment activities on falsified medicines using the Internet.Results: We surveyed several countries and obtained important findings. In particular, the World Medical Association (WMA), the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP), and the World Health Professions Alliance (WHPA) released programs for healthcare professionals. The US news programs, the US Department of Justice, and the Council of Europe released consumer warning videos. Japan issued the “Guidelines for Good Distribution Practice (GDP)” to the pharmaceutical distribution industry in 2018. Additionally, US and UK medicine regulators and the International Criminal Police Organization (ICPO) offered programs for professionals such as police and customs officers, and public prosecutors.Conclusion: These programs contain useful information not only for medical/pharmaceutical professionals in Japan but also for consumers. However, many are provided by foreign governments or international organizations, while few are from Japan. Therefore, to prevent the distribution of falsified medicine in Japan, educational institutions must further strengthen education and training/enlightenment activities and develop and publish educational tools for falsified medicines.

Effect of highintensity interval training exercise prescription on the physical health of obese primary school students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To examine the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) on body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of obese primary school students, so as to provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for HIIT exercise prescription in schools.@*Methods@#From August to December 2022, 25 obese children [age:(11.0±0.4)years, BMI:(23.3±0.8)kg/m 2] from a primary school in Shenzhen were recruited and divided into an exercise group ( n =13) and a control group ( n =12). After 12 weeks of exercise intervention [The durations of load period and intermittent period were 15 s, load exercise intensity was 100% maximal aerobic speed (MAS), and intermittent exercise intensity was 50% MAS, each time there were 2 groups× 8 rounds, and the rest between groups was 2 minutes, totaling 10 minutes, and 20 meter shuttle run test (20 m-SRT) was performed once every 4 weeks to adjust and update MAS], the changes in body composition and cardio respiratory fitness indexes of obese subjects before and after the intervention were compared.@*Results@#After the intervention, body weight, BMI, body fat, body fat percentage, and visceral adipose tissue area of obese subjects in the exercise group decreased from (55.6±6.2)kg, (22.7±0.6)kg/m 2, (41.8±6.9)kg, ( 23.4± 5.5)% and (102.4±39.0)cm 2 to (52.3±5.8)kg, (21.1±0.8)kg/m 2, (38.6±6.3)kg, (20.2±4.5)% and (84.2±26.9)cm 2, respectively( t =8.73, 10.96, 7.02, 4.92, 4.95, P <0.05). SBP decreased from (115.4±9.7)mmHg to (112.3±8.7)mmHg ( t = 2.96 , P <0.05). The content of skeletal muscle, 20 m-SRT and VO 2max increased from (21.3±5.3)kg, (21.6±4.9) times and (39.4±2.0)mL/(kg ·min) to (21.8±5.2)kg, (31.4±6.3)times and (43.6±2.6)mL/(kg ·min), respectively ( t =-3.33, -8.37, -10.56 , P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#HIIT is an effective way to improve the body composition and cardiorespiratory fitness of obese primary school students. It is recommended that schools with the necessary conditions use this method as an intervention measure to help reduce weight and improve cardiovascular health among obese students.

Effects of a ketogenic diet combined with resistance training on body composition and glucolipid metabolism in the obese and female college students / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To investigate the effects of a ketogenic diet (KD) alone and in combination with resistance training (KD+RT) on body composition and glucolipid metabolism of obese and female college students, and to provide a theoretical basis for the application of KD+RT in obese patients.@*Methods@#Totally 45 obese and female college students in Wuyi University were recruited and randomly divided into KD group ( n =23) and KD+RT group ( n =22) in September 2021. After received training for 4 weeks, the changes of body composition and glucose and lipid metabolism of obese and female college students were compared before and after intervention.@*Results@#Both a 4 week KD and KD+RT led to decreases in weight, BMI, body fat mass, body fat percentage, waist to hip ratio, visceral fat area of obese female college students ( t =16.19, 16.21, 12.42, 7.99, 2.10, 6.37; 18.82, 18.02, 17.80, 10.72, 3.41, 7.59, P <0.01). The change of muscle mass was decreased in KD group( t=4.12, P <0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference in KD+RT group( P >0.05). Both a 4 week KD and KD+RT significantly reduced the levels of the fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin and triglyceride (TG) of obese female college students ( t =10.15, 8.94 , 6.94, 7.63; 9.23, 12.75, 9.85, 9.09, P <0.01), and increased the high density lipoprotein (HDL) level( t =-7.36, -5.22, P <0.01). However, only KD+RT group had a significant decrease in the level of LDL ( t =5.27, P <0.01), and there was no significant change in the level of TC both groups ( P >0.05). After the intervention, there was no statistically significant difference between the KD+RT group compared to the KD group ( P >0.05), except for a significant decrease in triacylglycerol ( t =2.51, P < 0.05 ).@*Conclusion@#Both a short term KD and KD+RT show beneficial changes in body composition and glucolipid metabolism in obese female college students. However, the KD+RT is superior to a KD in maintaining muscle mass and reducing the effects of lipid metabolism.

Practice and reflection on continuing education and training of clinical pharmacists in the neurology department / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide a reference for continuing education and training of clinical pharmacists. METHODS The revision of the syllabus and the improvement of training methods of practical skills training class for clinical pharmacists in the neurology department held by Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from 2007 to 2022 was sorted to summarize its advantages and characteristics. RESULTS Training programs were developed to benefit clinical pharmacists at different levels， and the training contents were adjusted according to the training programs and the needs of trainees. Teachers with teaching experience were selected to participate in the teaching. Theory teaching was combined with practice teaching in the teaching process， and case teaching and question-based teaching methods were adopted to benefit both senior clinical pharmacists and new clinical pharmacists. In addition， the influence of the training class was expanded through online teaching， so that doctors and pharmacists could communicate and learn together on the platform of the training class. For example， when designing the training program， we replaced one common neurological disease every two years， and carried rollover study on its new progress and new ideas； clinical pharmacist skill course was reduced， drug history writing， information retrieval and test index interpretation were compressed into clinical pharmacy skill course. CONCLUSIONS The continuing education platform is established for clinical pharmacists； new knowledge and concepts that clinical pharmacists of this specialty need to be familiar with are compiled into the teaching syllabus， and the experts who are familiar with the training of clinical pharmacists are selected to explain to the students so that the students could follow the platform to constantly update their knowledge and improve the ability of clinical pharmacists to participate in the clinic work.

Application of distance education in radiological health continuing education and training / 中国辐射卫生

The implementation of distance education in radiological health continuing education and training was analyzed to provide a reference for improving the quality of radiological health continuing education. The significance, measures, and advantages revealed that the application of distance education in radiological health continuing education and training was conductive to improving the quality of training and fulfilled the needs of radiological health technicians for high-quality training resources. In the future, we will continue to implement and improve distance education, promoting the high-quality development of radiological health continuing education and training.

Exploration and reform on education of applied talent in clinical laboratory technology in Guizhou Medical University under the background of "New Medicine" / 中华检验医学杂志

Objective:To explore the reform path of clinical laboratory technical talents training in local universities under the background of "New Medicine".Methods:The present situation of medical laboratory technical personnel training under the background of "New Medicine" was analyzed, and the teaching mode, teaching platform and practical teaching were reformed according to the reality of Guizhou Medical University.Results:An open education system of "healthcare-education collaboration and academia-industry alliances" and the talent training mode of "three-oriented drive, four-sided integration" had been formed, which improved the training quality and provided a large number of qualified medical laboratory technical undergraduate talents to the grass-roots of Guizhou Medical System.Conclusion:The reform and practice of applied talent training in Guizhou Medical University can be used as a reference for local colleges and universities to educate applied medical laboratory technical talents.

Exploration on training model of general practitioners in county medical community with the outreaching of medical consortium / 中华全科医师杂志

In recent years, a number of policies have been implemented to strengthen the cultivation of general practitioners in China. However, the development of community-level health professionals is still lagging behind, the development is uneven among regions, the overall number of general practitioners is insufficient, and the quality of medical services needs to be improved. Based on the Shanhai (Mountain and Sea) promotion project, with the close cooperation between the Second Affiliated Hospital and the medical consortium unit Suichang County People′s Hospital, a " Joint Cultivation by Dual-Teachers " model has been applied in training general practitioners for Suichang county community since March 2021. In this article we discuss the optimization and integration of medical and health resources through the outreaching assistance of high-quality personnel, management and system of medical service, to comprehensively upgrade the primary care and the quality of grass-roots general practitioners in remote mountainous areas.

A survey on self-management level and physical activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of Zang and Han nationalities in Tibetan of China / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the level of self-management and daily physical activity in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) of Zang and Han nationalities in Tibetan, China, and to compare the difference in daily management between T2DM patients of Zang and Han nationalities, to develop reasonable and effective chronic disease management strategies for long-term out-of-hospital management of T2DM patients of Zang nationalities.Methods:A total of 265 T2DM patients with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7% who were admitted to the Endocrinology Ward of the Hospital of Chengdu Office of People's Government of Tibet Autonomous Region from November 2020 to April 2021 and who were from different regions of Tibet were included in this study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The general data of all included patients were collected. Glucose and lipid metabolism-related indicators were determined. The Generalized Diabetes Self-Management Efficacy Scale and International Physical Activity Questionnaires (IPAQ) were used to evaluate patients' levels of self-management and daily physical activity.Results:The hemoglobin level in T2DM patients of Zang nationality was (154.09 ± 24.11) g/L, which was significantly higher than that in T2DM patients of Han nationality ( P < 0.05). The total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and low-density lipoprotein in T2DM patients of Zang nationality were (4.63 ± 1.41) mmol/L, (7.94 ± 2.19) mmol/L, and (2.75 ± 1.11) mmol/L, respectively, which significantly higher compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality (all P < 0.05). Compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality, T2DM patients of Zang nationality had lower self-management scores (81.40 ± 15.44) points, diet control scores (17.26 ± 4.97) points, physical exercise scores (11.67 ± 4.42) points, prevention and treatment of high and low blood sugar score (12.21 ± 5.72) points. The differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Moderate-intensity physical activity was a significant difference between T2DM patients of Zang and Han nationalities ( P < 0.05). Conclusion:Compared with T2DM patients of Han nationality, T2DM patients of Zang nationality have lower overall self-management levels, including diet control, physical exercise, prevention and management of high and low blood glucose, and moderate-intensity physical activity. Targeted individualized education should be carried out according to the Tibetan cultural characteristics, to further develop an intervention method and an out-of-hospital management strategy for chronic disease, which are suitable for T2DM patients of Zang nationality.

Effect of aerobic pedal exercise on sleep quality and energy metabolism of female college students with mild sleep disorder / 中国学校卫生

Objective@#To explore the intervention effect of aerobic step exercise on sleep quality of female college students, so as to provide a new perspective to improve the sleep quality of female college students.@*Methods@#In the 2020 fall semester, a total of 41 female college students with mild or more severe sleep disorders were selected from Beijing Normal University through a questionnaire and were randomly divided into experimental group ( n =29) and control group ( n =12). The experimental group received 55 minutes/time step aerobic exercise intervention for 8 weeks, three times a week, while the control group received no exercise intervention from October to December. The two groups maintained the original learning and living habits, without additional physical activity. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale and portable sleep monitor were used to assess the subjects sleep quality from both subjective and objective aspects. Changes in energy metabolism were observed by triaxial accelerometer and standing body composition analyzer.@*Results@#After exercise intervention, subjective sleep quality factor (1.24±0.43, 0.86±0.58), sleep efficiency factor (0.66±0.67, 0.07±0.25), sleep disorder factor (1.24± 0.51 , 1.03±0.18), daytime dysfunction factor (1.90±0.86, 1.48± 0.82 ) and PSQI score (7.21±1.85, 5.66±2.09) significantly improved ( t=3.64, 4.63, 2.27, 2.36, 3.29, P <0.05). The ratio of sleep to wakefulness decreased (25.54±7.86, 20.85± 5.13), the ratio of deep sleep (31.79±12.20, 38.32±10.19) and sleep efficiency (73.99±7.91, 78.68±5.12) increased significantly ( t=-2.12, -2.39, -2.21, P <0.05). Lean body mass [(38.55±2.95, 39.07±2.94)g] and basal metabolic rate [(1 257.45±41.14, 1 262.66 ±42.22)kcal] of the experimental group significantly increased after the intervention of medium high intensity aerobic pedal exercise ( F=5.95, 3.49, P <0.05). Total energy expenditure was positively correlated with subjective sleep quality and sleep efficiency ( r=-0.26, -0.44, P <0.05).@*Conclusions@#The 8 week aerobic step exercise intervention can increase the daytime energy consumption and basic metabolism of female college students. Improve the sleep depth and efficiency of female college students, reduce sleep disorders, and then effectively improve sleep quality.

Concepções dos profissionais de saúde acerca da prática do exercício físico em indivíduos privados de liberdade / Conceptions of health professionals about the practice of physical exercise in individuals deprived of liberty

RESUMO Introdução: Os profissionais de saúde apresentem uma concepção incipiente e limitada acerca da prática do EF vinculada à saúde. Objetivo: Objetivou-se analisar as concepções dos profissionais de saúde acerca da prática do Exercício Físico (EF) em indivíduos privados de liberdade de um presídio regional do seminário baiano. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, qualitativa, no Presídio Regional do Semiárido Baiano, em 2019, com 28 profissionais de saúde. Utilizou-se questionários e entrevistas semiestruturada. Realizou-se Análise Categorial Temática de Bardin. Resultados: Sistematizou-se três categorias: 1)Percepção dos profissionais de saúde sobre a importância da prática do EF para os indivíduos privados de liberdade; 2)Prática do EF no presídio; 3)Acometimentos mentais de maior incidência no presídio e os tratamentos utilizados. A maioria tinha a percepção do EF vinculada à saúde; os exercícios relatados foram jogar bola e futebol, musculação improvisada, caminhadas e abdominais, todos sem orientação profissional; reconheceu-se que o EF pode ser um aliado trazendo benefícios ao processo de ressocialização, na redução da agressividade e reincidência ao crime. A Educação Física não se constituiu como elemento prioritário na unidade prisional. Conclusão: A prática regular do EF deve pertencer aos programas de intervenção com os presos e que essas sejam orientadas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Health professionals present an incipient and limited conception about the practice of PE linked to health. Objective: The objective was to analyze the conceptions of health professionals about the practice of Physical Exercise (PE) in individuals deprived of liberty in a regional prison in the Bahian seminary. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative field research, in the Regional Prison of the Semi-Arid region of Bahia, in 2019, with 28 health professionals. Questionnaires and semi-structured interviews were used. Bardin's Thematic Categorical Analysis was performed. Results: Three categories were systematized: 1) Perception of health professionals about the importance of PE practice for individuals deprived of liberty; 2) Practice of PE in prison; 3) Mental disorders of greater incidence in prison and the treatments used. Most had the perception of PE linked to health; the reported exercises were playing ball and soccer, improvised bodybuilding, walking and sit-ups, all without professional guidance; it was recognized that PE can be an ally bringing benefits to the resocialization process, in reducing aggressiveness and recidivism. Physical Education was not a priority element in the prison unit. Conclusion: The regular practice of PE should belong to the intervention programs with prisoners and that these be guided.

Influence of swimming training on fitness indicators in children / Influência do treinamento de natação sobre os indicadores de aptidão física em crianças / Influencia del entrenamiento de natación en los indicadores de aptitud física de los niños

ABSTRACT Introduction The specialized technical teaching and swimming training methods for children are the basis for improving the effect of swimming training and reducing the occurrence of sports injuries. In recent years, swimming physical training technology in China has developed rapidly. Swimming physical training for children can improve the comprehensive sports quality of young people. Objective In this paper, the indexes of 50m butterfly and 50m breaststroke were determined. These data quantitatively examine the effect of the program on swimming performance. Methods 18 children and adolescent swimmers participated in the sample analyzed in this study. In this paper, 18 participants were divided into experimental and control groups. These groups have four swimming styles: butterfly, breaststroke, backstroke, and freestyle. Results After two months of coordination exercises, the performance of butterfly and frog swimming was partially improved. There were significant differences in the data (P<0.05). Conclusion The fitness training process can improve the overall quality of athletes. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução O ensino técnico especializado e os métodos de treinamento em natação para crianças são a base para melhorar o efeito do treinamento de natação e reduzir a ocorrência de lesões esportivas. Nos últimos anos, a tecnologia de treinamento físico em natação na China se desenvolveu rapidamente. O treinamento físico da natação para crianças pode melhorar a qualidade esportiva integral dos jovens. Objetivo Neste artigo, foram determinados os índices de 50m de borboleta e 50m de peito. Estes dados examinam quantitativamente o efeito do programa sobre o desempenho da natação. Métodos Um total de 18 crianças e adolescentes nadadores participaram da amostra analisada neste estudo. Neste trabalho, 18 participantes foram divididos em grupos experimentais e de controle. Estes grupos têm quatro estilos de natação: borboleta, nado de peito, nado de costas e estilo livre. Resultados Após dois meses de exercícios de coordenação, o desempenho do nado borboleta e do nado sapo foi parcialmente melhorado. Houve diferenças significativas nos dados (P<0,05). Conclusão O processo de treinamento de aptidão física pode melhorar a qualidade global dos atletas. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción La enseñanza técnica especializada y los métodos de entrenamiento en natación para niños son la base para mejorar el efecto del entrenamiento de natación y reducir la aparición de lesiones deportivas. En los últimos años, la tecnología del entrenamiento físico de la natación en China se ha desarrollado rápidamente. El entrenamiento físico de natación para niños puede mejorar la calidad deportiva integral de los jóvenes. Objetivo En este trabajo se determinaron los índices de 50 metros mariposa y 50 metros braza. Estos datos examinan cuantitativamente el efecto del programa en el rendimiento de la natación. Métodos Un total de 18 niños y adolescentes nadadores participaron en la muestra analizada en este estudio. En este trabajo, 18 participantes fueron divididos en grupos experimentales y de control. Estos grupos tienen cuatro estilos de natación: mariposa, braza, espalda y estilo libre. Resultados Tras dos meses de ejercicios de coordinación, el rendimiento de la natación en mariposa y rana mejoró parcialmente. Hubo diferencias significativas en los datos (P<0,05). Conclusión El proceso de entrenamiento físico puede mejorar la calidad general de los deportistas. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Effect of physical activity on homeostasis in professional basketball players according to gender differences / Efeito da atividade física sobre a homeostase dos jogadores profissionais de basquetebol, segundo as diferenças de gênero / Efecto de la actividad física en la homeostasis de los jugadores profesionales de baloncesto, según las diferencias de género

ABSTRACT Introduction One of the main problems of modern basketball physiology is maintaining high performance and improving its players' physical condition. Changes in the athlete's functional condition occur due to the transition of the physiological system from rest to stress, fatigue, and regeneration. Objective Clarify the effect of physical activity on homeostasis in athletes according to gender differences. Methods The methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, modeling, and logical analysis were applied. Results Positive and negative factors of the influence of physical activity on elementary homeostasis of professional basketball players depending on gender differences were assigned; also, the principles of selection of physical activity content and the methodological bases of application for use in training programs of professional basketball players were characterized. Conclusion The results of this study showed the need to control the elemental body homeostasis of basketball athletes and its changes in physical exertion conditions, considering personal characteristics and gender differences. Evidence level II; Therapeutic studies - outcomes research.

RESUMO Introdução Um dos principais problemas da fisiologia do basquetebol moderno é manter o alto desempenho e melhorar a condição física de seus jogadores. As alterações na condição funcional do atleta ocorrem como resultado da transição do sistema fisiológico do repouso ao estresse e fadiga, e à regeneração. Objetivo Elucidar o efeito da atividade física sobre a homeostase dos atletas, de acordo com as diferenças de gênero. Métodos Foram aplicados os métodos de análise e síntese, análise comparativa, modelagem e análise lógica. Resultados Foram atribuídos fatores positivos e negativos da influência da atividade física na homeostase elementar dos jogadores profissionais de basquetebol, dependendo das diferenças de gênero, também foram caracterizados os princípios de seleção do conteúdo da atividade física e as bases metodológicas da aplicação para utilização de programas de treinamento de jogadores profissionais de basquetebol. Conclusão Os resultados deste estudo mostraram a necessidade de controlar a homeostase elementar corporal dos atletas de basquetebol, suas alterações nas condições de esforço físico, considerando as características pessoais e diferenças de gênero. Evidência nível II; Estudos terapêuticos - pesquisa de resultados.

RESUMEN Introducción Uno de los principales problemas de la fisiología del baloncesto moderno es mantener el alto rendimiento y mejorar la condición física de sus jugadores. Los cambios en la condición funcional del deportista se producen como resultado de la transición del sistema fisiológico del reposo al estrés y la fatiga, y a la regeneración. Objetivo Dilucidar el efecto de la actividad física sobre la homeostasis en los deportistas, según las diferencias de género. Métodos Se aplicaron los métodos de análisis y síntesis, análisis comparativo, modelización y análisis lógico. Resultados Se asignaron los factores positivos y negativos de la influencia de la actividad física en la homeostasis elemental de los jugadores profesionales de baloncesto en función de las diferencias de género, también se caracterizaron los principios de selección del contenido de la actividad física y las bases metodológicas de aplicación para el uso de programas de entrenamiento para jugadores profesionales de baloncesto. Conclusión Los resultados de este estudio mostraron la necesidad de controlar la homeostasis corporal elemental de los deportistas de baloncesto, sus cambios en condiciones de esfuerzo físico, considerando las características personales y las diferencias de género. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de resultados.