Breastfeeding Education: A Scoping Review

@#The aim of this scoping review was to explore the evidence related to breastfeeding education in postpartum mothers from relevant databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Wiley). There were nine eligible studies in which all of them used quantitative design. The data was organized into seven themes including targets, materials, methods, media, officers and places, time, and the effect or influence of breastfeeding education. Almost all (8/9) articles informed breastfeeding education targets. There were 5/9 articles that reported the methods, 6/9 articles discussed the media, 8/9 articles talked about the officers and places, 7/9 articles concerned about the time of implementation, and all studies reported the effect of breastfeeding education. Breastfeeding education included at least 5 existing components. Breastfeeding education must be planned properly and must be carried out continuously from the antenatal until the postnatal period.

Evaluation of the Effects of Occupation Moral Training in Higher Vocational Nursing Students / 中国医学伦理学

Objective:To investigate the effect of occupation moral training for nursing students .Methods:By cluster sampling method , two nursing professional classes were included as the research objects .One class was re-garded as the experimental group .The other class was regarded as the control group .The various measures were taken to cultivate occupation moral .The teaching reform of nursing ethics was carried out .The occupation moral education was integrated into the specialty courses .The occupation moral education was strengthened in clinical practice stage .After the culture period , two groups′nursing ethics knowledge was tested .Their satisfaction on oc-cupation moral cultivation effect was surveyed .The hospital satisfaction on their occupation morality level and qual-ity was surveyed too .The occupation moral cultivation effect was evaluated through these .Results: The experi-mental group′evaluation score of nursing ethics knowledge , the satisfaction rate of occupation moral cultivation effect , teaching hospital′satisfaction rate of occupation moral standards and quality were higher than those of the control group with a significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion:The construction of occupation moral educa-tion system effectively improves the occupation moral level and comprehensive quality of nursing students .

Pharmaceutical Students’ Awareness of Drug Abuse and Assessment of the Effects of Education / 医薬品情報学

<b>Objective: </b>In this study, we evaluated to examine the short-term educational effects for drug abuse prevention, including lectures and students’ awareness of drug abuse.<br><b>Method: </b>A questionnaire consisting of eleven items and SD method-based image survey were conducted three times, prior to and following the lectures and after the summer vacation for first-year students of the Department of Pharmacy.<br><b>Results: </b>The numbers of responses to the questionnaire surveys conducted prior to and following the summer vacation were 323 (response rate: 95.8%) and 332 (response rate: 97.9%), respectively.  When asked: “Do you think that people should be allowed to use cannabis (illegal herbal drugs) as long as they do not cause any trouble to others”, 2.8 (3.4) and 6.9 (6.6)% of students answered “Yes” after the lectures prior to the summer vacation and following it, respectively; there were both increased.  Following the summer vacation, 28.6% of students answered “Yes” to the question: “Have you ever seen or heard of people using cannabis or illegal herbal drugs ?”  A total of 2.1% of students had been “solicited to use cannabis or illegal herbal drugs”, and all of them stated that it would be “easy to obtain illegal herbal drugs”.  As the reason for drug abuse by young people, 140 students (42.2%) cited “curiosity”, and 81.6%, or 271 students, stated that they would “refuse” to use any illegal drugs even if they were asked to do so.  The results of the SD method-based image survey suggested significant changes in students’ awareness of drug abuse during the summer vacation; they had the image of little risk on drug abuse prevention following the vacation.<br><b>Conclusion: </b>The effects of learning were not maintained in some first-year students because they faced a variety of temptations during the short summer vacation and their normative consciousness and images of drug abuse easily changed.  Therefore, it is necessary to provide lectures for new students to help them acquire accurate knowledge of drug abuse, enhance their normative consciousness, and increase their self-awareness as health care professionals, develop curriculums on a continuing basis, and deploy specialists so that students with psychological problems as identified by the survey, including stress, escapism, mental weakness, and anxiety, can consult them.

The shortcomings and the solution in internal medicine education by standardized patient / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Standardized patient(SP) is playing an important role in medical education.Nevertheless this kind of medical education is not perfect.By use of analyzing the shortcomings in internal medicine education by SP.the effect of SP education will be greatly increased.

The Analysis of Effect an Nutrition Education of Elementary School Children, Inchon

"Food service management without nutrition education in school foodservice is hardly to improve nutritional status of school children. Therefore, this study was attempted to evaluate the effectiveness of nutrition education. The nutrition education was done for 82 5th grade children of 2 elementary school in Incheon. It has been performed for two month from Sep. 6 to Nov. 11, 1999. Also, to evaluate the effects of nutrition education, subjects were taken pretest for food habit, attitude, nutrition knowledge, and dietary intake through the questionnaires. The statistical analysis of data was completed using SPSS program. The results were summarized as follows : 1) The average height and weight for subjects are 141cm and 34.4kg. Most of the subjects had 2 siblings. 83.8% of the subjects has never been taken nutrition education. Otherwise, 85.2% of the subjects responded that they need a nutrition education. 2) For the food habit test results, the posttest mean scores increased. Food habit on vegetables showed significant difference between pretest and posttest(p<0.05). 3) The attitude test did not show the significant difference between pretest and posttest. 4) For the nutrition knowledge test result, the pre and posttest means were 47.59 and 57.12 respectively(p<0.001). 5) The correlations of food habit, attitude, and nutrition knowledge was positive relationship between food habit and attitude in the pre and posttest. 6) Intake frequency of foods increased for the most foods except meat, egg, milk, and drink as compaired pretest with posttest. Cereal, fish, and oil intake was significantly increased. 7) The intakes of most nutrients were increased, among which carbohydrate, fiber, calcium, and vitamin C intakes significantly different after education. The education period of this study was too short to improve their eating behavior and food choice and may need a long-term education and development of materials for nutrition education. "

Developing nurses' cancer pain education program and its effect / 성인간호학회지

The purpose of this study was to identify pain management done by nurses and to develop an educational program for pain management, and also to evaluate the effects of education on the knowledge, attitudes, nurses and on the pain control practice of nurses. The first stage of this study was to identify the process of pain management in cancer units. A focus group interview using 15 nurses who were working in cancer units was conducted for the purpose of convenience sampling. The focus group interview results indicated that pain assessment wasn`t completed systematically, and was mainly dependent on the verbal complaints of patients or caregivers. The educational contents of the nurses were identified. The 2nd stage of this study was to develop a pain education program and to test its effect on nurses. A One Group pre-test/post-test design was utilized. The educational program(6 hours) consisted of: 1) Myths about pain, 2) Pain assessment, 3) Pain management with medications, pharmacological mechanism, 4) Pain management with noninvasive methods, and 5) Questions and discussion. The testing instrument was modified from the nurses' Knowledge and Attitudes Survey Regarding Pain(Ferrell and McCaffery, 1996) and face validity was completed by the nursing faculty and a pain clinic physician, and reliability testing was done for 80 RN-BSN students. The purposive convenience sample of 40 nurses participated in the study. Attitudes and Knowledge changes were measured 2 weeks prior to education and 4 weeks after the education. Ad hoc testing was done 8 weeks after the education with the review of 89 patients' charts. 1. The result were statistically significant on knowledge and changes in attitudes in pain management (t=-4.079, p<0.001). 2. The contents of 89 nursing records were analyzed and it was found that there were great changes in the pain description The assessment of pain severity was measured using VAS. Recommendations for further study are as follows: 1. Continuous pain education for nurses, physicians and students of the health professions is recommended. 2. There is a great need to develop a program for resolving decisional conflicts experienced by nurses in the pain management process.