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BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that functional patch has a long-lasting effect on the treatment of dysphagia, and surface electromyographic biofeedback has also been confirmed to relieve dysphagia. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical efficacy of functional patch combined with surface electromyographic biofeedback in patients with dysphagia after stroke. METHODS: One hundred patients with dysphagia after stroke were randomly divided into a control group, a functional patch group, a surface electromyographic biofeedback group and a combined treatment group (functional patch plus surface electromyographic biofeedback), each group containing 25 patients. The therapeutic effects were compared between groups by repetitive saliva swallowing test, video fluoroscopic swallow study and clinical efficacy evaluation before, 1 and 2 months after treatment. The implementation of the study protocol complied with the relevant ethical requirements of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University (approval No. 201918), and informed consent was obtained from all patients and their families prior to the initialization of the study. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After treatment, there was an increasing trend in the repetitive saliva swallowing test, a decreasing trend in the video fluoroscopic swallow study, and a significant improvement in the clinical efficacy in each group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, significantly increased frequency of saliva swallowing, significantly shortened time of epiglottis movement during swallowing and significantly improved clinical benefit rate were observed in the functional patch, surface electromyographic biofeedback group and combined treatment groups (all P < 0.05). More significant improvements in the above-mentioned indexes were observed in the combined treatment group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that both functional patch and surface electromyographic biofeedback have certain curative effect on dysphagia after stroke, and the combination of the two therapies has better clinical effect.
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We present a 47-year-old right-handed woman with a 15-year history of writer's cramp who was provided with six sessions of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with observation of writing actions performed by a healthy subject and electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback training to decrease EMG activities in her right forehand muscles while writing for 30 min for 4 weeks. She showed improvement in dystonic posture and writing speed after the intervention. The writing movement and writing speed scores on a writer's cramp rating scale decreased, along with writing time. Our findings demonstrated that cathodal tDCS combined with action observation and EMG biofeedback training might improve dystonic writing movements in a patient with writer's cramp.
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Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Biofeedback, Psychology , Dystonic Disorders , Healthy Volunteers , Muscles , Posture , Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation , WritingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effectiveness of acupoint catgut embedding and surface electromyogram biofeedback therapy (sEMGBF) in the treatment of stroke patients complicated with shoulder-hand syndrome (SHS). METHODS: A total of 90 stroke patients with SHS were randomly divided into acupoint catgut embedment (ACE), sEMGBF and ACE+sEMGBF (combined treatment) groups (n=30 cases/group). The catgut embedment was performed at Jianliao (LI 14), Jianyu (LI 15), Quchi (LI 11), Waiguan (TE 5) on the affected side, once every 3 weeks, twice altogether. The electromyographic biofeedback therapy (30-50 Hz, pulse duration 200 µs, 6 s-on and 10 s-off, appropriate strength) was applied to the skin area co-vering the deltoid muscle, flexor muscle of wrist and wrist extensor for 20 min, once per day, 5 times/week, for 6 weeks. The total effective rate was assessed by using Liao's and Zhu's methods (1996), the pain severity assessed using visual analogue scale (VAS), and Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA, 66-points) scale and the patients' activities of daily living function (ADL, 100-points) were also scored. RESULTS: Before treatment, the VAS, FMA and ADL points of the three groups were not significantly different (P>0.05). After the treatment, the total effective rate (93.33%), FMA and ADL scores of the combined treatment group were significantly higher than those of the ACE and sEMGBF groups (P0.05). The VAS score of the ACE group was markedly lower than that of the sEMGBF group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The combined administration of ACE and sEMGBF has a better therapeutic effect for stroke patients complicated with SHS relevant to simple ACE and simple sEMGBF therapy in improving the upper limb function, relieving pain, and enhancing the daily life quality.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of botulinumtoxin type A (Botox-A) combined with electromyographic biofeedback therapy on the upper limb muscle spasm after stroke.Methods:86 cases of patients with upper limb muscle spasm after stroke in our hospital from January 2016 to January 2017 were selected and divided into the observation group and the control group,with 43 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were treated with electromyographic biofeedback therapy,and the observation group was treated with Botox-A based on the basis of control group.The improvement of upper limb muscle spasm,Upper limb movement function,the active range of wrist joint and life skills before and after treatment were compared between two groups.Results:After treatment,the total effective rate of improvement of upper limb muscle spasm of observation group were significantly higher than that of the control group (P＜0.05);At 2 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment,the Fugl-Meyer scores,Wrist joint activities,modified Barthel index (MBI) of two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment (P＜0.05),which were significantly higher in the observation group than those of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:Botox-Acombined with electromyographic biofeedback therapy had remarkable clinical effect on the upper limb muscle spasm after stroke,which could effectively reduce the upper limb spasticity,improve the arm and wrist movement ability and the ability of daily life.
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Objective To observe the effect of acupuncture plus electromyographic biofeedback therapy (EMGBFT) on the nerve function, activities of daily life (ADL), biochemical indexes, and lower-limb function in cerebral stroke patients. Method Totally 102 cerebral stroke patients in recovery stage were recruited and allocated to an observation group and a control group by using the random number table, 51 cases in each group. The two groups were both given conventional treatment, based on which, the control group was given EMGBFT, while the observation group was given acupuncture plus EMGBFT. The treatment duration was 8 weeks in both groups. The changes of National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), ADL, endothelin 1 (ET-1), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) of the lower-limb motor function were compared. Result The NIHSS scores dropped and ADL scores increased significantly in the two groups after the intervention (P<0.05);after the intervention, the NIHSS score of the observation group was lower than that of the control group and the ADL score was higher than that of the control group (P<0.05);in the observation group, the plasma ET-1 level decreased significantly and CGRP level increased significantly after the intervention (P<0.05);after the treatment, the plasma ET-1 level in the observation group was lower than that in the control group and the CGRP level was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05);the FMA scores increased markedly in both groups after the intervention (P<0.05);the FMA score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group after the treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion Acupuncture plus EMGBFT can significantly improve the nerve function and ADL, promote the recovery of lower-limb function, down-regulate the ET-1 level, and up-regulate the CGRP level in cerebral stroke patients.
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Objective To investigate the effect of electromyographic biofeedback motion sensing game on upper limb function in chil-dren with obstetric brachial plexus palsy (OBPP). Methods From March, 2013 to February, 2014, 41 children with OBPP were randomly as-signed into conventional rehabilitation group (n=21) and motion sensing game group (n=20). Both groups underwent a comprehensive course of rehabilitation, and the motion sensing game group received upper limb occupational therapy in the motion sensing game, for four weeks. They were assessed with Mallet shoulder function scale and the surface electromyogram (EMG) of the deltoid muscle when abduct-ing the shoulder before and after treatment. Results Before treatment, there was no significant difference in the Mallet scores between two groups (t=0.730, P>0.05), the scores improved after treatment in both groups (t>5.085, P3.195, P4.420, P2.282, P2.155, P<0.05). Conclusion Electromyographic biofeedback motion sensing game therapy plays a role in the rehabilitation of upper limb function and muscle strength in children with OBPP.
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Objective:To observe the effect of electromyographic biofeedback on the wrist dirsiflexion function of the patients with cerebral infarction at different Brunnstrom stages, and to clarify the treatment of electromyographic biofeedback,and to provide basis for its clinical application.Methods:A total of 100 cerebral infarction patients were selected.Among them 54 BrunnstromⅠ-Ⅱ patients were randomly divided into treatment group (n= 32)and control group (n = 22),and another 46 Brunnstrom Ⅲ patients were randomly divided into treatment group (n=23)and control group (n=23).The patients in four groups were treated with the same routine stroke rehabilitation therapy while the patients in treatment groups still received the electromyographic biofeedback therapy additionally.The maximum electromyographic contraction of muscle,active range of movement (AROM) and Fugl-Meyers Assessment (FMA)of the extension of wrist joint were evaluated before treatment and 4 and 8 weeks after treatment,respectively.Results:The maximum electromyographic contraction values of muscle of the patients in BrunnstromⅠ-Ⅱ treatment group and control group were significantly improved 8 weeks after treatment (P 0.05).The AROM in Brunnstrom Ⅲ treatment group and control group were significantly improved 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01 ), and the value in treatment group was significantly higher than that in control group (P < 0.05).The FMA in BrunnstromⅠ-Ⅱtreatment group and control group were significantly improved 8 weeks after treatment (P <0.05),while the value in treatment group was higher than that in control group (P <0.05);the FMA in Brunnstrom Ⅲ treatment group began to improve 4 weeks after treatment (P < 0.05)and it was significantly higher than that in control group (P <0.05). The FMA in control group began to improve 8 weeks after treatment (P <0.05). Conclusion:Electromyographic biofeedback can increase the strength and improve the body function of the patients with cerebral infaction.
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Objective To investigate clinical effect of sEMG-BFB training combined with swallowing training for dysphagic patients with cerebral infarction,to provide a reference for life quality improvement of dysphagic patients.Methods 48 patients with cerebral infarction combined swallowing disorder were selected.According to the digital table,patients were divided into the control group and observation group,24 cases in each group.Patients in the control group were given training such as routine training and behavioral swallowing training,while patients in the observation group were given sEMG-BFB training based on training of the control group.FOIS score,Kubota's water drinking test grade,SSA score and SWAL-QOL score were compared between two groups.Results After treatment,FOIS score,SSA score and SWAL-QOL score of the observation group were (3.82 ± 1.04),(19.97 ± 8.17),(158.23 ± 10.27),which were significantly higher than those of the control group [(2.82 ± 1.21),(24.21 ± 6.31),(139.23±7.32),t =4.394,4.115,5.642,all P ＜ 0.05] ; Kubota's water drinking test grade of the observation group was better than the control group,the difference was statistically significant (U =283.43,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion sEMG-BFB training combined with swallowing training is helpful for dysphagic patients with cerebral infarction to improve swallowing ability and life quality.
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Objective To investigate the effects of mirror visual feedback (MVF) and electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) on up-per extremity function in hemiplegic patients after stroke based on task-oriented training. Methods 90 patients with hempiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n=30), EMGBF group (n=30) and MVF group (n=30). All patients accepted routine rehabilitation and task-oriented training once a day for 8 weeks. The EMGBF group also accepted EMGBF, and the MVF group accepted MVF in addi-tion. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Upper Extremity Function Test (UEFT), and their integrated electro-myogram (iEMG) of affected upper extremities were recorded before and after treatment. Results All the groups improved in scores of FMA and UEFT, as well as the iEMG after treatment (P<0.05), and ranked as the MVF group, the EMGBF group and the control group from im-proving more to less (P<0.05). Conclusion Mirror visual feedback combined with electromyographic biofeedback may further promote the recovery of upper limb function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke based on task-oriented training.
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Objective To observe the effect of surface electromyographic biofeedback on the pharyngeal phase activities in patients with dysphagia after stroke. Methods Seventy-six consecutive patients with pharyngeal dysphagia after stroke admitted to the departments of rehabilitation and neurology,brain hospital affiliated to nanjing medical university from August 2014 to February 2015 were enrolled retrospectively. After excluding 40 patients,the remaining 36 patients were divided into either a conventional training group (n =19)or a biofeedback group (n =17)by using the random number table. The patients of the conventional training group received swallowing function training only,while those of the biofeedback group also received the surface electromyographic biofeedback treatment on the basis of the therapy program of the conventional training group. The patients of both groups were treated 6 times a week for 4 weeks. The assessment of swallowing angiography,the digital measurement and analysis were performed before and after treatment. The outcome measures included the degree of openness of upper esophageal sphincter (UES),0pharyngeal transit time (PTT),and the maximum displacement of the hyoid bone (HmaxD). Results (1)The proportions of UES complete opening of the conventional training group before and after training were 26. 3% (5 / 19)and 47. 4% (9 / 19)respectively. There was significant difference between before and after training (χ2 = 5. 08, P =0.020). The proportions of UES complete opening of the biofeedback group before and after training were 47.1% (8/ 17)and 82.4% (14/ 17)respectively. There was significant difference between before training and after training (χ2 =11.46,P = 0. 001). There was no significant difference in the degrees of UES complete opening before training between the conventional training group and the biofeedback group (P >0. 05). There was significant difference in the degree of UES complete opening after training between the 2 groups (χ2 =4. 63,P = 0. 040). (2)PTT of the conventional training group before and after training was 0.24 ±0.07 and 0.19 ±0.06 s respectively. PTT of the biofeedback before and after training was 0.23 ±0.06 and 0. 15 ± 0. 05 s. There was significant difference between before training and after training (F = 154. 50,P = 0. 000). There was no significant difference in PTT before training between the conventional training group and the biofeedback group (P > 0. 05). There was significant difference in PTT after training between the 2 groups (F =4.66,P = 0. 038). (3)The HmaxD distances of the conventional training group before and after training were 0. 5 ± 0. 4 and 0. 9 ± 0. 4 cm respectively,the PTT of the biofeedback training before and after training was 0. 6 ± 0. 4 and 1. 3 ± 0. 6 cm respectively. There was significant difference between before training and after training (F = 137. 56,P = 0. 000). There was no significant difference in the HmaxD distance of the conventional training group and the biofeedback training group before training (P > 0. 05). There was significant difference in the HmaxD distance after training between the 2 groups (F = 4. 29,P = 0. 033). Conclusion The surface electromyographic biofeedback therapy in combination with the conventional swallowing training for the treatment of dysphagia after stroke has the synergistic efficacy.
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Objective We tried to observe the effects of Chinese herb fumigation and washing combined with electromyographic biofeedback on stroke patients with muscle cramp on limbs.Methods 84 patients who had muscle cramp on limbs were selected and divided into two groups randomly,namely the intervention group and the control group and both groups had 42 stroke patients.The intervention group was treated with routine treatment,Chinese herbal fumigation and washing and electromyographic biofeedback treatment.The control group received only routine treatment and electromyographic biofeedback treatment.We had compared and analyzed the Ashworth Spasticity Scale and the Daily Life Abihty Score (Barthel index) of the two groups at the time of the pre therapy,two weeks after the treatment and at the end of the treatment(after four weeks),respectively.Results There were no significant differences between the two groups in Barthel index,however,there were significant differences in Ashworth Spasticity Scale scores between the two groups four weeks after treatment,t=-3.84,P ＜ 0.05.Conclusions The effect of Chinese herb fumigation and washing combining with the electromyo-graphic biofeedback treatment is better than usage of the electromyographic biofeedback treatment alone on stroke patients with muscle cramp on limbs.
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@#Objective To investigate the effects of mirror visual feedback (MVF) and electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) on upper extremity function in hemiplegic patients after stroke based on task-oriented training. Methods 90 patients with hempiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n=30), EMGBF group (n=30) and MVF group (n=30). All patients accepted routine rehabilitation and task-oriented training once a day for 8 weeks. The EMGBF group also accepted EMGBF, and the MVF group accepted MVF in addition. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Upper Extremity Function Test (UEFT), and their integrated electromyogram (iEMG) of affected upper extremities were recorded before and after treatment. Results All the groups improved in scores of FMA and UEFT, as well as the iEMG after treatment (P<0.05), and ranked as the MVF group, the EMGBF group and the control group from improving more to less (P<0.05). Conclusion Mirror visual feedback combined with electromyographic biofeedback may further promote the recovery of upper limb function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke based on task-oriented training.
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@#Objective To investigate the effects of mirror visual feedback (MVF) and electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) on upper extremity function in hemiplegic patients after stroke based on task-oriented training. Methods 90 patients with hempiplegia after stroke were randomly divided into control group (n=30), EMGBF group (n=30) and MVF group (n=30). All patients accepted routine rehabilitation and task-oriented training once a day for 8 weeks. The EMGBF group also accepted EMGBF, and the MVF group accepted MVF in addition. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) and the Upper Extremity Function Test (UEFT), and their integrated electromyogram (iEMG) of affected upper extremities were recorded before and after treatment. Results All the groups improved in scores of FMA and UEFT, as well as the iEMG after treatment (P<0.05), and ranked as the MVF group, the EMGBF group and the control group from improving more to less (P<0.05). Conclusion Mirror visual feedback combined with electromyographic biofeedback may further promote the recovery of upper limb function in patients with hemiplegia after stroke based on task-oriented training.
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Objective To study the effects of task-oriented training combined with electromyographic biofeedback on wrist and finger extension after stroke.Methods Thirty-eight stroke patients were assigned randomly into either an experimental group (18 cases) or a control group (18 cases).Both groups received routine rehabilitation treatment and electromyographic biofeedback training.In addition,the experimental group was given task-oriented training in wrist and finger extension.Myoelectricity values,the active range of wrist dorsiflexion and the FuglMeyer upper extremity assessment (FMA) were assessed before and after 8 weeks of training.Results All of the patients showed significant improvements after 8 weeks of training,but compared with the controls,the patients in the experimental group improved significantly more in terms of all of the measures.Conclusion Task-oriented training with electromyographic biofeedback can improve upper extremity function,particularly wrist extension,among hemiplegic stroke survivors.
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Objective To observe the effect of surface electromyographic biofeedback (sEMG-BFB) combined with routine swallow training on dysphagic patients with cerebral infarction at recovery stage.Methods Fiftyone dysphagic patients with cerebral infarction were randomly divided into two groups:control group (26 cases) and biofeedback training group (25 cases).The control group was given routine training including orofacial function training,balloon dilatation and behavioral swallowing training,while the biofeedback training group was given behavioral swallowing training was conducted with the guidance of sEMG-BFB in addition to the routine training.Before and after the treatment,videofluoroscopy swallowing study (VFSS) was performed to observe the opening of upper esophageal sphincter (UES).Functional oral intake scale (FOIS) was used to evaluate swallow function.Results Before treatment,there were no significant difference between the two groups in terms of FOIS score and UES opening (P ＞0.05).The FOIS score increased in both groups after treatment (P ＜ 0.05),and the FOIS score was higher in the biofeedback training group than that of the control group (P ＜ 0.05).After treatment,the number of UES complete opening and incomplete opening was 18 and 8,respectively,in the control group,versus 20 and 5,respectively,in the biofeedback training group.UES opening improved in both groups after treatment (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Routine swallowing training combined with sEMG-BFB can benefit the dysphagic patients with cerebral infarction for their UES opening and swallowing ability at recovery stage.
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Objective To explore the effects of walking training assisted by electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) on the lower limb function of subacute stroke patients with foot drop. Methods Forty subacute stroke patients with foot drop were randomly divided into an EMGBF training group (n =20 ) and a routine rehabilitation training group ( n =20 ).Both groups received routine rehabilitation training.The EMGBF training group also received walking training assisted by three stages of EMGBF.The subjects were treated for 40 min twice per day,5 days a week for 6 weeks.Clinical and functional evaluations such as surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals from the anterior tibial muscle,active ankle dorsiflexion range of motion ( AROM ),scores on the modified Ashworth scale (MAS),results of the modified Lovett manual muscle test (mMMT),pace and step length,Berg balance scale (BBS) scores,Fugl-Meyer movement function scale (FMA) assessments,modified Barthel index (MBI) scores and Holden walking function test results were observed before treatment,after 6 weeks of treatment and at follow-up 6 weeks after the end of treatment. Results Before treatment there was no significant difference between the two groups.There were significant differences in all of the assessment results in the EMGBF training group after treatment compared with before treatment and compared with the routine rehabilitation training group after treatment.At followup 6 weeks after training,average pace (69.75 ± 35.09 m/min),step length (60.98 ± 14.09 cm),FMA score (32.5 ± 6.34 ) and MBI score (88.65 ± 14.13 ) in the EMGBF training group were all significantly better than in the routine rehabilitation group.At follow up,5 patients in the EMGBF training group achieved grade 5 in the Holden walking function test versus only 1 patient in the routine rehabilitation group. Conclusion Walking training assisted by EMGBF is effective in improving lower limb motor function in subacute stroke patients with foot drop.
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O impacto da disfunção do membro superior de pacientes hemiparéticos por acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) repercute substancialmente nas atividades de vida diária e/ou laborais. Principalmente os pacientes crônicos pouco se beneficiam do tratamento convencional. Com base nessa argumentação, esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar os benefícios do biofeedback por eletromiografia na recuperação do membro superior de um grupo de pacientes hemiparéticos por AVE. Uma pesquisa quasi-experimental do tipo séries de tempo, com três pré e três pós-testes, e oito semanas de tratamento (média de 23 sessões). Seis pacientes foram recrutados (três homens e três mulheres), idade média 56,2 (±13). Os instrumentos de medida foram: eletromiografia de superfície (EMGs), força de preensão manual (FPM), Escala de Ashworth Modificada (EAM) e o Perfil de Saúde de Nottingham (PSN). A tarefa treinada foi o alcance e preensão de objetos (garrafas) ? máximo de 54 repetições. O feedback auditivo foi fornecido durante a extensão dos dedos pelo monitoramento do músculo extensor comum dos dedos durante o alcance do membro superior. Os resultados demonstraram evidentes benefícios com o programa implementado, especialmente quanto ao aumento dos valores da EMGs do músculo extensor comum dos dedos (30% p<0,01) e quanto à FPM (23,6% p<0,01). Novos estudos são necessários para ampliar o conhecimento dos reais benefícios desta técnica.
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Objective To observe the effect of electromyographic biofeedback therapy(EMGBFT)on dysphagia in stroke patients.Methods Fifty-three stroke patients with dysphagia were divided randomly into an EMGBFT group and a control group.The patients of EMGBFT group were given EMGBFT,electrical stimulation therapy (EST)and dysphagia training,while those in the control group were given EST and dysphagia training.All the patients were assessed with Kubota drinking test before treatment and 30 days after treatment.Results After treatment swallowing function of patients in both groups improved(P ＜0.05).The effective rate was 76.92％ in EMGBFT group and 55.56％ in control group,with statistically significant difference between the two groups(P ＜ 0.05).It showed that the EMGBFT group has significantly better outcome than the control group after treatment(P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions EMGBFT combined with regular rehabilitation therapy can improve patient's motor and swallowing function.
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Objective To study the effects of motor imagery therapy combined with electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback on upper limb function in hemiplegic patients.Methods Sixty hemiplegic stroke patients were recruited and divided into a control group (n=20),an electrical stimulation group (n=20) and a combination group (n=20).All groups received basic medication and routine rehabilitation training once daily for 4 weeks.The electrical stimulation group was also treated with EMG biofeedback,and the combination group with motor imagery therapy plus EMG biofeedback.The Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA),the modified Barthel index (MBI) and EMG parameters were assessed before and after 2 courses of treatment.Results After 8 weeks of treatment all groups had significantly higher FMA scores and MBI scores,and better integrated EMG values,but the effects in the combination group were significantly better than those in the other two groups.Conclusions Motor imagery therapy combined with EMG biofeedback can more effectively promote recovery of upper limb function in hemiplegic stroke patients.
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Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects of electromyography biofeedback (EMGBF) on motor and psychological function in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Seventy SCI patients were randomly divided into research and control groups with 35 patients in each.In addition to conventional rehabilitation,the patients in the research group received EMGBF training while those in the control group were treated with medium frequency electrotherapy.To evaluate the patients' self confidence and motor function of their paralyzed limbs,Rosenberg's self-esteem scale (RSES) and American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) locomotor function scoring were performed before and six weeks after the interventions in both groups of patients.The changes of EMG of the quadriceps,hamstring and anterior tibial muscles of both groups in maximum contraction were also observed before and six weeks after the interventions.Results There were no significant differences in the RSES scores or ASIA locomotor function results between the groups before the interventions.ASIA locomotor function evaluation scores increased significantly in both groups after the interventions,with significantly better results in the research group.The RSES scores in the research group also improved significantly after the interventions,and RSES scoring and ASIA scoring were positively correlated in those patients.But no significant improvement in average RSES scores was found in the control group.The muscle contraction EMG amplitudes also increased significantly in patients of the research group after the interventions.Conclusions EMGBF training can enhance patients' self-confidence,which helps patients with SCI improve their motor functions.