ABSTRACT
There are two modes to display panoramic movies in virtual reality (VR) environment: non-stereoscopic mode (2D) and stereoscopic mode (3D). It has not been fully studied whether there are differences in the activation effect between these two continuous display modes on emotional arousal and what characteristics of the related neural activity are. In this paper, we designed a cognitive psychology experiment in order to compare the effects of VR-2D and VR-3D on emotional arousal by analyzing synchronously collected scalp electroencephalogram signals. We used support vector machine (SVM) to verify the neurophysiological differences between the two modes in VR environment. The results showed that compared with VR-2D films, VR-3D films evoked significantly higher electroencephalogram (EEG) power (mainly reflected in α and β activities). The significantly improved β wave power in VR-3D mode showed that 3D vision brought more intense cortical activity, which might lead to higher arousal. At the same time, the more intense α activity in the occipital region of the brain also suggested that VR-3D films might cause higher visual fatigue. By the means of neurocinematics, this paper demonstrates that EEG activity can well reflect the effects of different vision modes on the characteristics of the viewers' neural activities. The current study provides theoretical support not only for the future exploration of the image language under the VR perspective, but for future VR film shooting methods and human emotion research.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arousal , Electroencephalography , Emotions/physiology , Motion Pictures , Virtual RealityABSTRACT
Background: Sex is a psychobiological factor that is important in the process of emotion.This study determines the effect of sex on the electropsychological process of various intensities ofemotional arousal.Methods: In the Event-related Potential (ERP) session, electroencephalographic (EEG)data was recorded for 90 participants, 60% of whom were females. The participants responded to30 universal emotional pictures, randomly chosen from the International Affective Picture System(IAPS), which were classified as invoking high, moderate, and low intensity of emotional arousal.Results: From the analysis of variance of two-way mixed design, the interaction betweensex and emotional intensity was observed in the occipital regions (O2), indexed by the amplitudeof P300 and N200 components. Males exhibited higher amplitude of P300 and N200 components(in the occipital region) as responded to high and low emotional arousal stimuli than females.Conclusion: Sex is a fundamental factor that modulates psychological states in reaction toemotional stimuli.
ABSTRACT
Abstract Background False memories are memories of events that never occurred or that occurred, but not exactly as we recall. Events with emotional content are subject to false memories production similar to neutral events. However, individual differences, such as the level of maladjustment and emotional instability characteristics of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD), may interfere in the production of false memories. Objectives This study aimed to assess the effect of emotion in memory performance for an event witnessed by participants with and without SAD. Methods Participants were 61 young adults with SAD and 76 without any symptoms of SAD who were randomly assigned to watch a story with or without emotional arousal. Participants answered a subjective scale of emotion about the story and a recognition memory test. Results Participants with SAD recovered more true memories and more false memories for the non-emotional version compared to the emotional version of the story. Overall, participants with SAD produced fewer false memories compared to those without SAD. Discussion This finding suggests that social anxiety may have a significant impact on emotional memory accuracy, which may assist in the development and improvement of techniques for therapeutic intervention.
ABSTRACT
Os estudos de memória emocional para eventos complexos sugerem que o alerta aumenta o desempenho da memória de longo prazo para informações centrais e periféricas. No entanto, poucos estudos investigaram o efeito do alerta nas distorções mnemônicas. No intuito de investigar a relação entre o alerta e as memórias verdadeiras e falsas para informações centrais e periféricas, um teste de reconhecimento foi desenvolvido. O teste foi baseado na adaptação brasileira do Procedimento de Apresentação de Slides de Cahill e McGaugh (1995). O teste foi respondido por 168 estudantes universitários uma semana depois de assistirem ou a versão neutra ou a estimulante do Procedimento. A versão estimulante foi responsável pelo aumento da recuperação de informações verdadeiras periféricas e falsas centrais.
Studies on emotional memory for complex events suggest that arousal enhances long-term memory for central and peripheral information. Few studies, however, have addressed arousal effect on memory distortion. Aiming to investigate the relationship between arousal and true/false memories for central and peripheral information, a recognition test was developed. The test was supported by the Brazilian adaptation of the Cahill and McGaugh's (1995) slideshow procedure. The test was answered by 168 university students one week after they had watched either the low or the high emotional arousal version of the procedure. The arousal version of the story was responsible for better memory retrieval of true peripheral information and false central information.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Emotions , Memory , Reproducibility of Results , StudentsABSTRACT
Introducción: Diferentes niveles de alertamiento emocional pueden favorecer la potenciación o el deterioro de la memoria. El impacto emocional en personas víctimas del desplazamiento en Colombia puede constituirse en un factor de riesgo para el desarrollo del trastorno por estrés postraumático (TEPT). Objetivo: Evaluar la memoria emocional de sujetos en condición de desplazamiento por la violencia con y sin diagnóstico positivo para el TEPT. Método: Muestra de 95 voluntarios en condición de desplazamiento del área metropolitana de Bucaramanga (18 a 61 años), a quienes se les aplicaron los instrumentos de diagnóstico para TEPT (DSM IV, Checklist) y una prueba auditivo-visual de memoria emocional. Los participantes fueron distribuidos en dos grupos: sujetos con TEPT y sujetos sin TEPT. Ambos grupos fueron redistribuidos en cuatro subgrupos según la versión neutra y emocional de la prueba auditivo-visual. Resultados: El grupo de participantes clasificado con TEPT atribuyó Una mayor ponderación a la historia emocional, pero su contenido alertador no potenció la memoria de estos participantes. Conclusión: El contenido alertante de la prueba auditivo visual no potenció la memoria de aquellos sujetos diagnosticados con TEPT, lo cual sugiere que estos participantes pueden presentar un deterioro de las potencialidades mnemónicas dado por las limitaciones funcionales que involucran los procesos de reforzamiento emocional...
Introduction: Different levels of emotional arousal can potentiate or impair memory. Since the emotional impact on victims of displacement in Colombia may constitute a risk factor for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), the objective of this study was to evaluate emotional memory of people displaced by violence with and without PTSD. Method: The sample consisted of 95 volunteers in condition of displacement of the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga (18 to 61 years old), to whom an instrument for the diagnosis of PTSD (DSM IV, Checklist) and An audio-visual Emotional Memory Test were applied. The participants were distributed into two groups: Subjects with and without PTSD. Both groups were redistributed into four subgroups according with the emotional or neutral version of the emotional memory test. Results: The group of participants with PTSD attributed an emotional rate higher to the emotional story than to the neutral story, but the emotional arousal content did not potentiate the memory of these participants. Conclusion: The emotional contents implemented in this emotional memory test did not potentiate the memory of subjects diagnosed with PTSD. Based on this, it could be that these participants present a deterioration of the mnemonic potential given by the functional limitations that involve the processes of emotional reinforcement...
Subject(s)
Affective Symptoms , Memory , Stress Disorders, Post-TraumaticABSTRACT
Adolescent brain development seems to be important for the maturation of brain structures and behavior. Intermittent binge ethanol drinking is common among adolescents, and this type of drinking can induce brain damage and cognitive deficits. In addition, emotional changes are frequently seen in alcoholics and rodents treated with ethanol. Considering the close relation between emotional arousal and cognitive responses, the present work investigates if intermittent ethanol binge exposure could differentially alter the performance of adolescent rats in aversive and non-aversive motivated tests. Male adolescent rats were submitted to ethanol treatment (2.5 or 5.0 g/Kg, o.a.) at 48-h intervals over postnatal day (PND) 30 to 60. Control animals were exposed to a similar administration protocol with saline administration. At PND61-PND63 animals were submitted to one-trial object recognition or contextual and tone fear conditioning paradigms. Binge ethanol drinking (at both 2.5 and 5.0 g/Kg) did not change freezing response in the contextual and tone fear conditioning. However, all doses impaired recognition rates 24h after training in object recognition test. In addition, despite a diminution of horizontal locomotion in the open field (only for the 5.0 g/Kg dose), no difference was detected regarding time in immobility, time in grooming and number of rearing in this paradigm. The present results show that the cognitive impairment resulting from intermittent binge ethanol exposure has a negative correlation with learning-associated emotional arousal.