ABSTRACT
As pesquisas empíricas sobre psicopatia têm enfatizado o modelo dimensional da personalidade na sua compreensão, possibilitando assim estudos na população em geral. A literatura atual tem identificado prejuízos na empatia dos indivíduos com traços de psicopatia, vista como um construto multidimensional com componentes afetivos e cognitivos, e no contágio emocional, um processo mais primitivo e filogenético. Entretanto, pesquisas sobre o tema na população em geral ainda são escassas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação de traços de psicopatia, empatia e contágio emocional em população geral. A amostra foi composta por 284 participantes, com idade média de 24,6 anos (DP=8,37). Instrumentos utilizados foram o Instrumento de Autorrelato para avaliar traços de psicopatia, o Interpersonal Reactivity Index para avaliar empatia e o Emotional Contagion Scale para avaliar contágio emocional. Foram encontradas associações negativas entre empatia e traços de psicopatia, associações negativas entre contágio emocional e empatia e associações positivas entre contágio emocional e traços de psicopatia. Os resultados indicam que os traços de psicopatia estão associados com menores níveis de empatia e contágio emocional, indicando que existem características de dessensibilização emocional, e que a empatia e o contágio emocional estão fortemente associados, sugerindo serem processos complementares.
Empirical research on psychopathy has emphasized the dimensional model of personality in its understanding, thus enabling studies in the general population. Current literature has identified empathy impairments in individuals with psychopathic traits, seen as a multidimensional construct with affective and cognitive components, and in emotional contagion, a more primitive and phylogenetic process. Nevertheless, research on this subject in the general population is still scarce. This study aims to evaluate the association of psychopathic traits, empathy and emotional contagion in general population. The sample was composed of 284 participants (mean age 24.6 years; SD = 8.37). The instruments used were a self-report instrument to evaluate psychopathic traits, the Interpersonal Reactivity Index to evaluate empathy and the Emotional Contagion Scale to assess emotional contagion. Negative associations were found between empathy and psychopathic traits and between emotional contagion and empathy, such as positive associations between emotional contagion and psychopathic traits. Results show that psychopathic tendencies are associated with lower levels of empathy and emotional contagion, indicating the existence of emotional desensitization characteristics, and that empathy and emotional contagion are strongly associated, suggesting that both are complementary processes.
ABSTRACT
We report three cases of depression, which were effectively treated with oriental medicine. All three patients were employees at the same workplace, which had a total of 17 employees. Case 1 was a 46-year-old, who had worked at the company for 20 years and complained of depression and insomnia. Case 2 was a 28-year-old woman, who had worked at the company for 9 years and complained of nausea and mood disturbance. Case 3 was a 41-year-old man, who had worked at the company for 15 years and complained of restlessness, insomnia, and depression. The three patients were treated with yokukansan and yokukansankachimpihange, which are Kampo formulations, and subsequently showed improvements in symptoms. In choosing prescriptions for these patients, we considered the fact that all three patients worked in the same workplace. Yokukansan is traditionally co-administered to mother and her child. Furthermore, Hoffman (1984) proposed the system of sharing emotional contagion in the field of neuropsychiatry. When considered holistically, medication shared by mother and child is an empirical treatment taking into account emotional contagion. This treatment is also considered applicable within a single community, such as the one in the same workplace. Shared medication that takes into account emotional contagion within the same workplace, could be useful as it was for our patients.
ABSTRACT
O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer em que medida a susceptibilidade ao contágio emocional e o constrangimento estão relacionados ao exercício do papel gerencial, ao sexo e ao nível educacional em um estudo comparativo entre Brasil e Angola. Participaram 431 trabalhadores (164 homens e 267 mulheres), 300 do Brasil e 131 de Angola, 71,5% com nível educacional superior ou pós-graduação, 37,8% exercendo função gerencial e idade média de 30 anos. Utilizou-se survey eletrônico para mensurar o Sentimento de Constrangimento e o Contágio Emocional. As soluções fatoriais dos construtos se revelaram distintas para ambos os países. Apenas em Angola, gestoras graduadas e pós-graduadas apresentaram menor grau de constrangimento que homens nas mesmas condições. No Brasil, o nível educacional modifca a susceptibilidade ao contágio de emoções positivas, considerando-se as variáveis função e sexo. Os resultados apontaram correlações positivas entre o constrangimento e o contágio emocional nos dois países.
This paper aimed to know if susceptibility to emotional contagion and embarrassment are related to management role, sex and educational level in a comparative study between Brazil and Angola. Participated 431 workers (164 men and 267 women), 300 from Brazil and 131 from Angola, 71,5% graduated or post-graduated, 37,8% working as managers and mean age was 30 years. An electronic survey was used to measure the Embarrassment Questionnaire and Emotional Contagion. Factorial solutions were distinct in both countries. Only in Angola, women in manager position at least graduated showed lower levels of embarrassment than men in the same conditions. In Brazil, the educational level modifes the susceptibility to contagion of positive emotions, considering the variables management role and sex. The results showed positive correlations between embarrassment and emotional contagion in both countries.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Cross-Cultural Comparison , Emotions , Expressed Emotion , Organization and Administration , Sociological FactorsABSTRACT
O estudo comparou trabalhadores brasileiros e angolanos em relação à inteligência emocional e ao contágio de emoções, considerando função gerencial, sexo e nível educacional. Participaram 431 trabalhadores, sendo 300 do Brasil e 131 de Angola, 71,5% com ensino superior, 37,8% exercendo função gerencial e idade média de 30 anos. Utilizou-se um survey eletrônico. Os resultados indicaram diferenças entreos países quanto à inteligência, mas não ao contágio. No Brasil, mulheres e gestores obtiveram médias mais elevadas de inteligência emocional, e em Angola, mulheres com ensino superior apresentaram maiores médias de inteligência emocional. Em relação ao contágio de emoções positivas, mulheres gestoras com ensino superior se contagiam menos que homens na mesma posição. Encontraram-se correlações positivas entre inteligência emocional e contágio
This study compared Brazilian and Angolan workers in emotional intelligence and contagion, considering their managerial position, sex, and educational level. Participants were 431 workers, 300 from Brazil and 131 from Angola, 71.5% with a higher education, 37.8% in a management position, and a mean age of 30 years. They answered an electronic questionnaire. Results indicate there are differences in emotional intelligence, but no differences were found for contagion. In Brazil women and managers had higher average of emotional intelligence mean while in Angola women with a higher education had higher average of emotional intelligence. For the contagion of positive emotions, women managers with a higher education were less contagioned than men managers. The results showed positive correlations between emotional intelligence and contagion
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Emigrants and Immigrants/psychology , Emotions , Intelligence , Occupational Groups/psychologyABSTRACT
O objetivo deste estudo foi saber em que medida o sentimento de constrangimento experimentado em diversas circunstâncias sociais poderia ser explicado pelo contágio emocional e gênero. Tratou-se de um estudo correlacional, com a participação de 325 pessoas, a maioria do sexo feminino (65,7 por cento), com idade entre 14 e 75 anos (média= 26,7; desvio-padrão= 10,40). Um terço era formado por membros da população geral e os demais eram estudantes (87,7 por cento universitários; 12,3 por cento secundaristas). Todos responderam individualmente ao Questionário de Sentimento de Constrangimento, à Escala de Contágio Emocional e a um conjunto de perguntas demográficas. Os resultados indicaram que a pontuação total de constrangimento e seus fatores específicos se correlacionaram negativamente com o contágio emocional. As mulheres apresentaram maior pontuação nas dimensões de constrangimento do que os homens. Os resultados foram analisados com base nas atuais teorias acerca da emoção, considerando igualmente a perspectiva de gênero.
This study aimed to comprehend the extension of emotional contagion and gender influences on the embarrassment experienced in several social circumstances. It was a correlational study, with 325 participants, 65 percent of which were female, all aged from 14 to 75 years old (media= 26.7; standard deviation= 10.4). The sample group included students, 87.7 percent of them were from the local university, 12.3 percent were high school students, and the rest of the group were from the general population. They answered individually the Embarrassment Questionnaire, the Emotional Contagion Scale, and also a set of demographic questions. Results showed that the total score of embarrassment and its specific factors are negatively correlated to the emotional contagion. Women have presented higher scores on embarrassment dimensions. These findings were analyzed based on the present theories of emotions, as well as on a gender perspective.