ABSTRACT
Minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) requires lung isolation. Lung isolation is usually achieved with double-lumen endotracheal tube (DLT). Patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) have an increased risk of bleeding events. We suspected endobronchial hemorrhage after exchange of DLT during induction of anesthesia for replacement of mitral valve in a 62-year-old man with a known ITP. The MICS was stopped and bronchial artery embolization was performed in the angiographic room. In the present case, in order to reduce the risk of bronchial arterial injury in ITP patient we intubated with single lumen endotracheal tube. Lung isolation led to achievement of intermittent total lung deflation. Based on the results, we recommend a high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and platelet transfusion prior to cardiac surgery in patients with ITP to increase platelet count. Moreover, it is proposed that in order to clear the vision during the operation, ventilation can be held or made intermittent both prior to cardiopulmonary bypass or at its conclusion to permit exposure.
Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Anesthesia , Bronchial Arteries , Cardiopulmonary Bypass , Hemorrhage , Immunization, Passive , Intubation , Lung , Mitral Valve , Platelet Count , Platelet Transfusion , Purpura, Thrombocytopenic, Idiopathic , Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures , Thoracic Surgery , VentilationABSTRACT
A 79-year-old woman with degenerative mitral regurgitation and secondary tricuspid regurgitation underwent mitral and tricuspid repair. Massive and intractable endobronchial hemorrhage occurred during weaning from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Bronchoscopic examination during CPB revealed that the right distal bronchus was the probable bleeding point. We then performed a double-lumen endotracheal tube and a bronchial blocker in the distal portion of the right main bronchus. In addition, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with a heparin-coating system was performed for 11 h, without extra heparinization because of severe hypoxia. The bronchial blocker was removed 14 h later, and the patient was weaned from ECMO 19 h after admission into ICU. Postoperative computed tomography (CT) revealed a pseudoaneurysm of the right pulmonary artery (A<sup>5</sup>b) corresponding with the probable site of bronchial bleeding (B<sup>5</sup>). We speculate that a pulmonary artery catheter induced this endobronchial hemorrhage. At 3 months after surgery the patient was doing well with no symptoms of airway bleeding, and her abnormal CT findings had disappeared.