ABSTRACT
La garrapata del ganado Rhipicephalus microplus constituye el ectoparásito de mayor importancia en las ganaderías de regiones tropicales y subtropicales, al producir pérdidas directas por reducción de la producción de carne, leche y deterioro de las pieles así como a la transmisión de agentes patógenos para el ganado bovino tales como Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina y Anaplasma marginale. El tratamiento químico ha sido efectivo para el control de las garrapatas; sin embargo, su uso excesivo ha propiciado la selección de individuos resistentes y por tal motivo, se hace necesario el desarrollo de nuevas alternativas de control, tales como el uso de hongos entomopatógenos. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la eficacia in vitro de M. anisopliae para el control de la fase adulta de R. microplus, en Tunja, Colombia. Se usó la prueba de inmersión de adultas para evaluar la eficacia de la cepa MaF1309® de M. anisopliae a las siguientes concentraciones: 1x10(4), 1x10(6) y 1x10(8) conidias/mL. Se observó que en las garrapatas tratadas a una concentración de 1x10(8) conidias/mL se alcanzó el 100% de mortalidad a los 14 d postratamiento (PT), mientras que las concentraciones 1x10(6) y 1x10(4) conidias/mL alcanzaron el 100% de mortalidad a los días 16 y 20 PT, respectivamente. La mortalidad fue directamente proporcional a la concentración empleada del hongo, siendo las garrapatas tratadas con concentraciones mayores aquellas que alcanzaron una mortalidad en menor tiempo. Estos resultados in vitro son considerados el inicio de información de tipo local proyectados al diseño de programas de control para el departamento de Boyacá.
The livestock tick Rhipicephalus microplus is a high importance ectoparasite in cattle raised at tropical and sub-tropical regions producing direct losses since reduce meat and milk production and cause leather injury besides transmission of pathogenic agents such as Babesia bovis, Babesia bigemina y Anaplasma marginale. The chemical treatment has been effective to control tick however the excessive use has selected resistant individuals; for that reason is important to develop new alternatives such as entomopathogen fungi to keep controlled those individuals. The objective of this research was to evaluate in vitro efficacy of M. anisopliae to control adult stage of R. microplus in Tunja, Colombia. The immersion test was used to evaluate efficacy of MaF1309® strain of M. anisopliae at concentrations of 1x10(4), 1x10(6) y 1x10(8) conidia/mL. The group of ticks treated with 1x10(8) conidia had 100% of mortality 14 post-treatment days (PT), otherwise 1x10(6) y 1x10(4) conidia/mL concentrations have 100% of mortality at 16 and 20 PT days, respectively. Mortality was directly proportional to fungus concentration used, the ticks treated with high concentrations reach high mortality in less time. Those in vitro results start in local information projected to design control programs for the department of Boyacá.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To study the effect of bioactive compounds from Entomogenous fungi (BCEF0083), on AVP content of hypothalamus, pituitary and expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) mRNA of hippocampus in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats. METHODS: The depression animal model was induced by chronic unpredictable stress. The effect of BCEF0083 on AVP content in hypothalamus and pituitary was tested by radioimmunoassay. RT-PCR was used to test the expression of GR mRNA in hippocampus. RESULTS: BCEF0083 decreased the AVP content of hypothalamus and pituitary in chronic unpredictable stressed rats, and increased the expression of GR mRNA of hippocampus in chronic stressed rats. CONCLUSION: BCEF0083 exhibits antidepressant effect by attenuating the stimulated function of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in chronic unpredictable stress model of depression in rats.
ABSTRACT
Aim To study the antidepressant effects of bioactive compounds from entomogenous fungi(BCEF) in mouse models of depression. Methods The antidepressant effects of Bioactive compounds from entomogenous fungi was examined on the chronic unpredictable stress test, yohimbine induced lethality test, and 5-HTP induced head-twitches test. Results BCEF(50 mg?kg~-1 , ig, qd?21 d)could significantly increase the crossing and rearing score in open-field test. After administration yohimbine 1 h, BCEF 100 mg?kg~-1 group mice mortality rate rising rapidly; BCEF(50,100 mg?kg~-1 ) could distinctly increase the head-twitch number in the 5-HTP induced head-twitches test. Conclusion BCEF has antidepressant effects in depression mouse models. The mechanisms of its antidepressant effects may be related with the reinforcement of central monoamine neurotransmitter especially to 5-HT and NE nerves system.
ABSTRACT
AIM To study the inhibitory effect of bioactive compounds from entomogenous fungi(BCEF0083) on monoamine oxidase. METHODS Spectrofluorometer was used to detect the activity of MAO in mouse and rat brain mitochondria; Dose effect and time effect relationship of BCEF in inhibition of MAO were studied in vivo and in vitro in mice and rats; Method of Lineweaver Burk was used to assay the Km of MAO. RESULTS The antagoning action of BCEF0083 on MAO( BCEF 500 mg?kg -1 , 0 5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 h after ig; 500, 400, 200, 100, 50, 25 mg?kg -1 , 2 h after ig)showed some extent of dose effect and time effect relationship. BCEF0083 in vitro inhibited the activity of MAO A,B in a dose dependent manner with IC 50 (95% of confidence limits)of 128 88(82 70～200 86),184 14(156 17～217 11) ?g?ml -1 in rats. The antagonism type of BCEF0083 on MAOA, B were both mixed type, their Km were 11 97, 8 13 ?mol?L -1 . CONCLUSION The results suggest that BCEF0083 could obviously inhibite the activity of MAO on brain remitochondria in mice and rats.
ABSTRACT
AIM To study the antidepressant effects of bioactivecompounds from entomogenous fungi(BCEF) in mice models of depression. METHODS The antidepressant effects of Bioactive compounds from entomogenous fungi were examined in the learned helplessness model( forced swimming mice, tail suspension mice) and chronic unpredictable stress mice models. Spectrofluorometer and UV spectrophotometer were used to detect the activity of MAO, central monoamine neurotransmitter in mice brain mitochondria. RESULTS BCEF0083 25,50,100 mg?kg -1 could obviously shorten the immobility time in forced swimming mice, tail suspension mice and showed some extent of dose-effect relationship. BCEF0083 25,50,100 mg?kg -1 could obviously inhibite the activity of MAO-A,B on brain remitochondria in chronic unpredictable stress mice models and could rise the content of NE,5-HT,5-HIAA,DA in defferent degree. CONCLUSION The results suggested that BCEF0083 had antidepressant effects in mice depression models. The mechanisms of BCEF0083 antidepressant effects may be related with the inhibition of MAO-A,B activity and the increased content of central monoamine neurotransmitter.