ABSTRACT
RESUMEN Introducción: En la Leucemia linfoblástica aguda se han estudiado el rol de factores de riesgo ambientales y genéticos. Menos frecuentemente otros como los perinatales y parentales El objetivo del estudio fue analizar los factores de riesgo ambientales, parentales y perinatales de los niños con Leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) en tratamiento en el servicio de oncología de un hospital pediátrico. Materiales y Métodos: estudio de caso-control, realizado en el departamento de oncohematología de un hospital pediátrico. Los casos fueron niños con diagnóstico de leucemia linfoblástica aguda y los controles niños con patología quirúrgica, previamente sanos pareados por edad. Se estudiaron variables ambientales, perinatales y parentales. Los análisis uni y multivariado fueron realizados en SPSS y los resultados se expresaron en OR con IC 95%. El protocolo fue aprobado por el comité de ética institucional. Resultados: se incluyó 66 casos y 132 controles. El 33,3 (22/66) vs el 8,3% (11/132) OR 5,5 (IC 95% 2,4 - 12,5 p=0,0001 de los casos y controles respectivamente, eran residentes desde el nacimiento de los departamentos con mayor área de cultivos. En el análisis multivariado el riesgo de proceder de departamentos con extensas áreas de cultivo fue 3,6 veces mayor, OR 3,6 (IC 95% 1,4 -9) p=0,008 ajustado por la edad materna, antecedente de hospitalización neonatal, ocupación paterna y exposición a rayos X. Conclusiones: La residencia en zonas con gran extensión de cultivos fue el factor de riesgo ambiental en los niños con LLA de una población hospitalaria.
ABSTRACT Introduction: The role of environmental and genetic risk factors has been studied in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, but other factors, such as perinatal and parental factors, less so. The objective of the study was to analyze the environmental, parental and perinatal risk factors of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) being treated in the oncology department of a pediatric hospital. Materials and methods: This was a case-control study, carried out in the oncohematology department of a pediatric hospital. The cases were children diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and the controls were previously healthy children diagnosed with a surgical pathology, matched by age. Environmental, perinatal and parental variables were studied. Univariate and multivariate analysis were performed in SPSS and the results were expressed as OR with 95% CI. The protocol was approved by the institutional ethics committee. Results: We included 66 cases and 132 controls. 33.3% (22/66) vs. 8.3% (11/132) OR 5.5 (95% CI 2.4 - 12.5 p=0.0001) of the cases and controls, respectively, had been residents since birth of the departments with larger farmland crop areas. In the multivariate analysis, the risk of being from departments with extensive crop areas was 3.6 times higher, OR 3.6 (95% CI 1.4 -9, p=0.008) adjusted for maternal age, history of neonatal hospitalizations, paternal occupation, and exposure to X-rays. Conclusions: Residence in areas with a large area of crops was the environmental risk factor in children with ALL in a hospital population.
ABSTRACT
Resumen Se denominan disruptores endocrinos (DEs) a aquellas sustancias químicas capaces de interferir con la homeostasis hormonal, alterando la síntesis, función, almacenamiento y/o metabolismo de las hormonas. Estas sustancias se encuentran en el ambiente y en una amplia variedad de productos de uso diario, por lo que la exposición humana es permanente. Experimentos con animales han confirmado la capacidad de los DEs para inducir desórdenes reproductivos, por lo que se ha sugerido que podrían ser un factor importante como causa de subfertilidad humana. El bisfenol A, los ftalatos y los compuestos orgánicos persistentes son tres tipos de DEs presentes en el medio ambiente y asociados con alteraciones reproductivas. Consultando las bases de datos MEDLINE y PubMed, en la presente revisión, se reúne bibliografía de los últimos 20 años donde se evalúan los efectos provocados por la exposición a los DEs mencionados en mujeres durante la vida adulta. Se resumen los efectos sobre marcadores de reserva ovárica y los resultados de tratamientos de fertilización in vitro. Por otro lado, se evalúa la evidencia a nivel molecular de los efectos provocados por los DEs sobre la fisiología reproductiva en estudios in vitro e in vivo.
Abstract Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are those chemical substances capable of interfering with hormonal homeostasis, altering the synthesis, function, storage and / or metabolism of hormones. These substances are found in the environment and in a wide variety of products for daily use, so human exposure is permanent. Animal experiments have confirmed the capacity of EDs to induce reproductive disorders, which is why it has been suggested that they could be an important factor in causing human subfertility. Bisphenol A, phthalates and persistent organic compounds are three types of EDs present in the environment and associated with reproductive disorders. Consulting the MEDLINE and PubMed databases, in this review, a bibliography of the last 20 years is gathered where the effects caused by exposure to the mentioned EDs in women during adult life are evaluated. The effects on ovarian reserve markers and the results of in vitro fertilization treatments are summarized. On the other hand, the evidence at the molecular level of the effects caused by EDs on reproductive physiology is evaluated in in vitro and in vivo studies.
ABSTRACT
This report describes an anal atresia, anatomical urethra alteration (slightly caudal to the udder), thickened joints, and changes in the pelvis in a newborn Holstein cow. Visualization of the final portion of the rectum was not possible by perineal access and laparotomy through the right flank was performed in order for abdominal exploration and colostomy attempt. During the surgical procedure visceral rupture and malformations incompatible with life were observed, so surgeons opted for euthanasia and necropsy. Alterations were confirmed in the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract. The non-formation of the anus caused dilation of the distal portion of the rectum with fecal content retention, which was drained to the body of the uterus, with the presence of meconium. This amount of anatomical and clinical changes were diagnosed as congenital multiple arthrogryposis.(AU)
Este relato de caso descreve atresia anal, alteração anatômica da uretra (inserida caudalmente ao úbere), articulações espessadas e alterações na pelve em um neonato bovino da raça Holandesa. A visualização da porção final do reto não foi possível pelo acesso perineal, e laparotomia através do flanco direito foi feita para exploração abdominal e realização da colostomia. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico, foram observadas ruptura visceral e malformações incompatíveis com a vida, então os cirurgiões optaram pela eutanásia e necropsia. Alterações foram confirmadas nos tratos geniturinário e gastrointestinal. A não formação do ânus causou dilatação da porção distal do reto com retenção fecal, desviando ao corpo do útero, o qual possibilitou a entrada de mecônio nesse compartimento, além de outras alterações devido à ingestão e alteração no trânsito gastrointestinal. Essa quantidade de alterações anatômicas e clínicas foi diagnosticada como artrogripose congênita múltipla.(AU)
Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Animals, Newborn/surgery , Anus, Imperforate/veterinary , Arthrogryposis/veterinary , Urogenital Abnormalities/veterinaryABSTRACT
The concentration of heavy metals (Cr, Fe, Al, As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Mo, Ni, Se and Zn) was evaluated in the blood of nestling blue macaws (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) captured in the Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul (n=26) in 2012; this was based on the hypothesis that these birds exhibit levels of these heavy metals in their organism and that these interfere in hatching success, weight and age of the chicks. Blood samples were digested with nitric acid and hydrochloric acid and the quantification of metals was performed by ICP-OES (Optical Emission Spectroscopy and Inductively Coupled Plasma). Blood samples of nestlings showed concentrations of Cr (0.10μg/g) Fe (3.06μg/g) Al (3.46μg/g), Cd (0.25μg/g) Cu (0.74μg/g), Mo (0.33μg/g), Ni (0.61μg/g), Se (0.98μg/g), and Zn (2.08μg/g). The levels of heavy metals found were not associated with weight, age and hatching success of the chicks.
Avaliou-se a concentração de metais pesados (selênio, zinco, ferro, cobre, molibdênio, níquel, cromo, arsênio, cádmio, chumbo e alumínio) no sangue de filhotes de arara-azul (Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus) capturados no Pantanal (n=26) no ano de 2012, partindo da hipótese de que estas aves apresentem níveis desses metais pesados no organismo e que os mesmos tenham relação com o sucesso de eclosão, peso e idade dos filhotes. As amostras de sangue foram digeridas em ácido nítrico e ácido clorídrico e a quantificação dos metais foi realizada por ICP-OES (Espectroscopia e Emissão Óptica por Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado). As amostras de sangue de filhotes de A.hyacinthinusapresentaram concentrações de Cr (0,10μg/g), Fe (3,06μg/g), Al (3,46μg/g), Cd (0,25μg/g), Cu (0,74μg/g), Mo (0,33μg/g), Ni (0,61μg/g), Se (0,98μg/g) e Zn (2,08μg/g). Os níveis de metais pesados encontrados não apresentaram relação com o peso, idade ou sucesso de eclosão.
Subject(s)
Animals , Environmental Biomarkers , Inorganic Pollutants , Psittaciformes , Metals, Heavy/poisoning , Metals, Heavy/toxicity , Hematologic Tests , Hematologic Tests/veterinaryABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: analizar la percepción del riesgo con base en principios de la toxicología intuitiva y las características de exposición a mezclas de contaminantes en residentes de dos sitios en Baja California, México: el estuario del río Colorado en la intersección de los ríos Hardy y Colorado y el valle de San Quintín. METODOLOGÍA: se aplicó un cuestionario a 166 participantes y se analizaron cuatro criterios de exposición a los contaminantes: tipos, grados, niveles e intensidad. Mediante la toxicología intuitiva, se clasificaron tres elementos de percepción del riesgo: exposición laboral, exposición ambiental y efectos en la salud. Se aplicó un análisis de conglomerados (AC) para la clasificación exploratoria y un análisis de componentes principales (ACP) para explicar las relaciones entre las variables. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: los participantes vulnerables a sufrir efectos en salud por exposición a mezclas de contaminantes y su discernimiento del riesgo están relacionados con las características de exposición, ya que solo perciben padecimientos agudos y excluyen los crónico-degenerativos, lo cual se explica con el concepto de toxicología intuitiva. La percepción del riesgo está medida por la escolaridad y el ingreso salarial; los trabajadores agrícolas no detectan efectos de tipo crónico en la salud por exposición a las mezclas de contaminantes.
OBJECTIVE: To examine risk perception based on principles of intuitive toxicology and characteristics of exposure to mixtures of contaminants in residents of two sites in Baja California, Mexico: the Colorado River estuary at the intersection of Hardy and Colorado rivers and San Quintin Valley. METHODOLOGY: A questionnaire was applied to 166 participants and it was analyzed four criteria of exposure to contaminants: types, grades, levels and intensity. Through intuitive toxicology, three elements of perception risk were classified: occupational exposure, environmental exposures and health effects. It was applied a cluster analysis (CA) for exploratory classification and principal component analysis (PCA) to explain the relationships between variables. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: vulnerable participants to health effects from exposure to mixtures of pollutants and understanding of risk are related to exposure characteristics, as only they perceive acute complaints and they exclude chronic degenerative, which is explained by the concept of intuitive toxicology. The perception of risk is measured by schooling and wage income, agricultural workers do not detect effects of such chronic health from exposure to mixtures of pollutants.