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Abstract Objective: To review in the literature the environmental problems in early life that impact the respiratory health of adults. Sources: Non-systematic review including articles in English. Search filters were not used in relation to the publication date, but the authors selected mainly publications from the last five years. Summary of the findings: In this review, the authors present the exposure pathways and how the damage occurs depending on the child's stage of development; the authors describe the main environmental pollutants - tobacco smoke, particulate matter, air pollution associated with traffic, adverse childhood experiences and socioeconomic status; the authors present studies that evaluated the repercussions on the respiratory system of adults resulting from exposure to adverse environmental factors in childhood, such as increased incidence of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), asthma and allergies; and, a decline in lung function. The authors emphasize that evidence demonstrates that adult respiratory diseases almost always have their origins in early life. Finally, the authors emphasize that health professionals must know, diagnose, monitor, and prevent toxic exposure among children and women. Conclusion: The authors conclude that it is necessary to recognize risk factors and intervene in the period of greatest vulnerability to the occurrence of harmful effects of environmental exposures, to prevent, delay the onset or modify the progression of lung disease throughout life and into adulthood.
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The prevalence of allergic diseases is rising in children as a result of complex gene-environment interactions.Environmental exposures can dramatically influence the phenotype of allergic diseases, including atopic eczema, asthma, and allergic rhinitis.Environmental factors associated with allergic diseases include chemical pollutants and allergens in the air, as well as other environmental exposures such as the microbiome.Indoor and outdoor air pollutants and allergens play an important role in the inflammatory response and clinical manifestations of allergic reactions caused by allergens.Strengthening environmental control and controlling environmental exposure is an important way to prevent allergic diseases.
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The prevalence of allergic diseases is rising in children as a result of complex gene-environment interactions.Environmental exposures can dramatically influence the phenotype of allergic diseases,including atopic eczema,asthma,and allergic rhinitis.Environmental factors associated with allergic diseases include chemical pollutants and allergens in the air,as well as other environmental exposures such as the microbiome.Indoor and outdoor air pollutants and allergens play an important role in the inflammatory response and clinical manifestations of allergic reactions caused by allergens.Strengthening environmental control and controlling environmental exposure is an important way to prevent allergic diseases.
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Objetivos: O objetivo do presente estudo foi explorar as relações inaparentes que diversos fatores relativos às exposições ambientais e características individuais existentes em nosso meio, possam ter no processo de desenvolvimento da leucemia na infância. Método: A partir de um banco de dados clínicos e epidemiológicos obtido com estudo caso-controle de base hospitalar sobre fatores de risco para leucemias na infância, foi realizada análise multivariada exploratória por meio do emprego de análise de componentes principais e análise fatorial. Esta investigação é parte de um estudo multicêntrico nacional que incluiu 292 casos de leucemias em crianças com idade entre 0-12 anos e 541 controles da mesma faixa etária, hospitalizados por causas não neoplásicas em hospitais gerais próximos aos centros de origem dos casos. As informações de exposições ambientais selecionadas foram obtidas por meio de entrevista realizadas com mães de casos e controles atavés do questionário padronizado. A análise de componentes principais e a análise fatorial identificaram fatores associados à leucemogênese, procedendo-se em seguida a modelagem logística não condicional. Este processo permitiu determinar a magnitude de associação entre os fatores identificados com o desenvolvimento de leucemias na infância...
Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the unapparent relationshipsthat several factors related to environmental exposures and individualcharacteristics existing in our environment may have on the process ofdeveloping childhood leukemia.Methodology: From a database of clinical and epidemiological data obtained from case-control study of hospital based on risk factors for childhood leukemia, exploratory multivariate analysis was performed the principal component and factor analysis. This investigation is part of a national multicenter study that included 292 cases of leukemia in children aged 0-12 years and 541 controls of similar age, centers of origin of cases and hospitalized for non-neoplastic causes. The information of selected environmental exposures was obtainedthrough interviews with mothers of cases and controls tied to a standardizedquestionnaire. Results: The principal component analysis and factor analysis identified factors associated with leukemogenesis. Further, an unconditional logistic regressionwas carried out aiming to ascertain the magnitude of association between theselected factors, and their composing variables, with childhood leukemia. Themodel displaying the highest power explained 52% of the total variance,including 3 factors, each one of the showing factors loadings higher than 0.6: conditions related to chemical exposure during pregnancy, which explained 20% of the variance; lifestyle exposures, such as smoking and hair dyes and hair cosmetics use during pregnancy, explaining 17% of the total variance; and consumption of health services during pregnancy, such as X rays and delivery type (cesarean or vaginal delivery), explaining 15% of the total variance. Logistic modeling revealed statistically significant association between childhood leukemia and chemical exposure during pregnancy (OR=1.36; 95% IC=1.16-1.59), and also with consumption of health services during pregnancy (OR=1.27; 95%IC =1.08-1.49)...
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant , Child , Environmental Exposure , Lactation , Leukemia , Logistic Models , Pesticides , Brazil , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Maternal ExposureABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between NAT2 genetic polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer. Methods A hospital-based case-control study was conducted and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used to detect its genotypes.Results The frequency of NAT2 slow genotype was 19.58% in cases with colorectal cancer compared.with increased the risk for developing colorectal cancer and their OR were 2.16(95% CI:1.31～3.54).Conclusion The results suggest that NAT2 genetic polymorphism is associated with colorectal canoer susceptibility.People with NAT2 slow genotype have higher coloreetal cancer risk.
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OBJECTIVE: To discover the etiology of birth defects and low birth weight, it is necessary to establish epidemiological birth defects monitoring system in Korea. Our aim was to develop new practical model in Incheon to establish birth defects monitoring system to evaluate the incidence rate and patterns of birth defects in Korea. METHODS: Public health center and private hospitals and clinics participated in this monitoring system. Web based reporting system have been built. Trained nurses actively collected the records obtained from delivery units in the participating hospitals during 2 years (first year: December 1st, 1998-November. 31, 1999; second year: January 1 st, 2000-December 31 th, 2000). RESULTS: Through this monitoring system at 1 st year and 2 nd year, we observed 25 birth defect cases from 2482 births, 28 birth defect cases from 3490 births including live births and stillbirths. The incidence of birth defect per thousand person was 10.1, 8.0 respectively. At 1st year, the highest proportion of birth defects was 28.0% in musculoskeletal system. The proportion of birth defects in gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system and cleft lip & cleft palate were 20.0%, 12.0%. 12.0%. At 2 nd year, the highest proportion of birth defects was 21.4% in gastrointestinal system The proportion of birth defects in cardiovascular system and musculoskeletal system were 17.9% and 14.3%. CONCLUION: In conclusion, we could build population-based monitoring system for birth defects successfully in Yonsu gu, Incheon. To establish population-based monitoring system for birth defects in Korea, it is necessary to organize the reporters of public health center and private hospitals and clinics, to build an available reporting system, and to extend participating centers for birth defects monitoring systems.