Prevalence and epidemiological aspect of dengue fever in western Rajasthan in year 2018

Background: Dengue fever (DF) is a common mosquito borne disease caused by dengue virus and is transmitted by Aedes mosquito. It is one of the major public health problems in India which affects all levels of society, but the burden of disease is a higher in poor people who live together in communities.  Aim of present study is aimed to assess the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of cases of DF in  Tertiary Care Hospitals in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in all cases of DF registered in the associated group of Hospitals of Dr. S.N. Medical College, Jodhpur from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2018. Rapid immune-chromatographic card test and MAC ELISA test method was used to detect dengue non-structural protein 1 (NS1) antigen and dengue immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in the Viral Research Diagnostic Laboratory (VRDL) of Department of Microbiology, Dr. S.N. Medical College to confirm the diagnosis. Results: Out of 2701 patients, 541 patients were tested serologically positive for DF (NS1, IgM). The highest number of suspected cases (1061) was reported in the month of October, 2018 out of whom 228 were positive. Maximum number of dengue cases reported were males belonging to 31-40 years age group from urban area. Fever was the main complaint in all the cases followed by vomiting, headache, and abdominal pain.Conclusion: Dengue is one of the major public health problems in India. A large number of cases are reported in the monsoon and post-monsoon period in the months from  September to December. Measures can be taken both at personal and government level to reduce morbidity and mortality from dengue.

Effect of Huayu Qutan Recipe in Regulating Aortic MAPK Pathway-related Gene Expression in Atherosclerosis Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective: To investigate the expression changes of mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway-related genes in ApoE-/- mice and the intervention effect of Huayu Qutan recipe on them, in order to explore the anti-atherosclerotic(AS) effect and possible mechanism of Huayu Qutan recipe. Method: Fifty ApoE-/- mice were randomly divided into model group, tanshinone ⅡA group (30 mg·kg-1·d-1), and high-dose phlegm group (20 g·kg-1·d-1), the middle-dose group (10 g·kg-1·d-1), and the low-dose group (5 g·kg-1·d-1), and 10 C57BL/6/J mice were included in the blank controls group. Automated biochemical analyzer was used to detect serum triglyceride(TG), cholesterol(TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) content; hematoxylin-eosin(HE) was used to detect aortic plaque in each group; oil red O was used to detect liver lipid deposition in each group; enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA) was used to determine vascular cell adhesion protein-1(VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), interleukin-6(IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in serum of each group; Western blot was performed to detect c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK), p38 MAPK, p-p38 MAPK, extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), and expression of p-ERK. Result: Compared with the blank control group, serum TC, TG, LDL-C levels in the model group were significantly increased, while HDL-C levels were significantly decreased; aortic plaques were observed in the aortic lumen, and lots of lipid deposition were observed in the liver cells. Serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 increased(PPα, IL-6, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were decreased. The expressions of p-p38 MAPK and p-JNK genes in intravascular associated MAPK signaling pathway were significantly decreased. p-ERK expression trend was not obvious(PConclusion: Huayu Recipe can inhibit the formation of aortic plaque in ApoE-/- mice, and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of vascular MAPK signaling pathway gene expression.

Effect analysis of improving the HIV positive detection rate by single sample nucleic acid amplification test in Shenzhen / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the effect of improving the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)posi-tive detection rate by single sample nucleic acid amplification test (SS-NAT) in Shenzhen ,and to explore the effect of SS-NAT on reducing the risk of HIV infection in transfusion .Methods 269 228 blood samples were performed parallel detection by SS-NAT (Procleix Tigris ) and two kinds of enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA)reagents ,and then the samples with nonreactive by ELISA and reactive by SS-NAT were tested by HIV identification assay .The blood donors with reactive HIV identification assay were made tracing tests . All the samples with reactive by ELISA or HIV identification assay were sent to the Shenzhen Center for Dis-ease Control and Prevention (CDC) for Western Blot (WB) diagnostic tests .Results The samples with reac-tive by the third generation ELISA reagents ,the fourth generation ELISA reagents ,both ELISA reagents and SS-NAT were 188 ,340 ,422 and 103 ,which reactive rate was 0 .698‰(188/269 228) ,1 .263‰(340/269 228) , 1 .567‰(422/269 228) and 0 .383‰(103/269 228) ,respectively .We found four samples with nonreactive by ELISA but reactive by SS-NAT .The four donors were found HIV reactive by both ELISA and SS-NAT after tracing .All the samples with reactive by ELISA or HIV identification assay were sent to CDC for confirmatory tests and 103 of them were positive .The positive detection rate of transfusion-transmissible HIV infection af-ter ELISA detection was 1∶67 307(4/269 228) .Conclusion The application of SS-NAT in blood screening can improve the HIV positive detection rate ,shorten window period of HIV detection and reduce residual risk of transfusion-transmissible HIV infection ,and then blood safety can be effectively improved .

Expression of metallothionein 1H in children and adolescents osteosarcoma and effect on cell proliferation / 中华实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To detect the expression levels of metallothionein1 H(MT1 H)in children and adoles-cents osteosarcoma serums,and to analyze its relationship with clinicopathological features,and to explore the effect of MT1 H on cell proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and its mechanism.Methods Enzyme -linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA)was performed to detect the expression of MT1 H in children and adolescents osteosarcoma serums and non-neoplastic disease serums.MT1 H vector was transfected into the osteosarcoma U2OS cells.Reverse transcription -poly-merase chain reaction(RT -PCR)and Western blot were used to detect the expression of the mRNA and protein of MT1 H,respectively.Methylthiazolyldiphenyl -tetrazolium bromide(MTT)was used to detect the cell growth.Western blot was performed to detect the expression of nuclear factor(NF)-κB,and inhibitor of κB (IκB)-αprotein. Results The expressions of MT1 H in osteosarcoma serums and nonneoplastic disease serums was (0.51 ± 0.52)μg/L and (2.17 ±0.78)μg/L,respectively,with a significant difference between the 2 groups(t =-8.966, P <0.05).The expression of MT1 H in stage Ⅰ -ⅡA andⅡB -Ⅲ was (1 .98 ±0.69)μg/L and (2.45 ±0.82)μg/L,respectively,showing a gradual increase depending on clinical staging(t =-2.343,P <0.05).The expressions of MT1 H mRNA and protein were elevated in osteosarcoma U2OS cells after MT1 H vector transfection(all P <0.05). MTT assay showed that,the A value in blank control group,blank vector group,MT1 H vector group were 0.38 ±0.03, 0.36 ±0.03,0.42 ±0.03,respectively,the cell proliferation in the MT1 H vector group was significantly promoted when compared with these in the blank vector group and blank control group(F =4.213,P <0.05)from the third day.West-ern blot showed that,the relative expression of NF -κB in blank control group,blank vector group,MT1 H vector group were 0.56 ±0.05,0.53 ±0.05,0.92 ±0.07,respectively,the relative expression of IκB -αprotein were 0.64 ± 0.06,0.62 ±0.09,0.34 ±0.08,respectively,the expression of NF -κB protein was up -regulated and the expression of IκB -αprotein was down -regulated in the MT1 H vector group when compared with those in the blank vector group and blank control group(F =44.581 ,14.927,all P <0.05).Conclusions The expression of MT1 H is increased in children and adolescents osteosarcoma serums compared with that in nonneoplastic disease serums.The clinical stage is later,the expression of MT1 H is higher.MT1 H promotes cell proliferation through regulating the NF -κB pathway.

Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections among Blood Donors in Nizamabad District of Telangana State – A six years study

Background: Blood transfusion is a life-saving therapeutic intervention and millions of lives are saved each year globally through this procedure. However, blood transfusions are associated with certain risks which can lead to adverse consequences. It may cause acute or delayed complications and carries the risk of the transmission of blood borne infectious agents. Materials and methods: This study was done in Government general hospital blood bank, Nizamabad district, Telangana state, India. Study duration was six years, from June 2010 to May 2016. Blood was collected from apparently healthy donors after following the questionnaire put forth by National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) through blood camps organized by voluntary organizations, voluntary and replacement donors in the government blood bank and motivated student bodies. Results: In our study, total screening positives were 532 out of the total 55291 units accounting to 0.96%. Among the positives, most of the positives belonged to Hepatitis B virus, HBsAg positives were 384 cases (0.69%), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) were 117 cases (0.20%), Venereal Ather Fatima, Farida Begum, Kandukuri Mahesh Kumar. Seroprevalence of Transfusion Transmissible Infections among Blood Donors in Nizamabad District of Telangana State - A six years study. IAIM, 2016; 3(8): 73-78. Page 74 Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL) positives were 22 cases (0.03%) and minimal positives were noted in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) those were 09 cases (0.01%). Conclusion: Transfusion of blood and blood products is an established mode of treatment in many conditions. However unnecessary transfusions and unsafe transfusion practices expose patients to the risk of serious adverse transfusion reactions and transfusion-transmitted infections. This risk can be minimized by encouraging voluntary non-remunerative donation and screening of blood for TTI before transfusion with better screening methods like Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA), Nucleic Acid Amplification technique (NAT).

Application of Serum VEGF-C, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 Expression Level in Monitoring Curative Effects and Prognosis of Acute Leukemia / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To observe expression level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C),VEGF-C receptor-2 and VEGF-C receptor-3 in patients with acute leukemia (AL) and to explore its clinical significance.Methods Enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum expression levels of VEGF-C,VEGFR-2,and VEGFR-3 of 51 patients diagnosed with acute leukemia,43 patients under medical treatment and 16 healthy blood donors.Results (1) Serum VEGF-C,VEGFR-2,and VEGFR-3 expression levels in AL patients were significantly higher than those in normal control group.(2) Serum VEGF-C and VEGFR-2 expression levels in complete remission (CR) group significantly declined after treatment.Serum VEGF-C and VEGFR-2 expression levels in non-complete remission (NR) group slightly declined after treatment but no significant difference was found (P＞0.05).(3) No significant difference was found in serum VEGFR-3 expression levels both in CR group and NR group after treatment (P＞0.05).(4) Serum VEGF-C,VEGFR-2,and VEGFR-3 expression levels in NR group were significantly higher than those in CR group before treatment (P＜0.08).Conclusions Observing serum expression level of VEGF-C,VEGFR-2,and VEGFR-3 of AL patients may be helpful in monitoring curative effects and prognosis of acute leukemia.

Therapeutic Effect of Ursolic Acid on Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis in Rats / 医药导报

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and mechanism of ursolic acid on carrageenan-induced chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP) of SD rats. Methods Forty-two SD rats were randomly divided into five groups:normal control group, model control group, Pushitai group, ursolic acid high-dose group, and low-dose group.Except for normal control group, chronic nonbacterial prostatitis model was established using carrageenan. The rats of Pushitai group were treated with the solution of Pushitai at the dose of 148 mg??kg-1??d-1 for twenty days.The rats of ursolic acid high-dose and low-dose groups were administered with ursolic acid at the doses of 100 and 50 mg??kg-1??d-1 for twenty days, respectively. The rats of normal and model control groups were treated with isometric 5% CMC-Na for twenty days.The prostate index (PI) was calculated from the ratio of isolated rat prostate weight and body weight of rat.The expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. The histology and morphology of the prostate was observed with the aid of hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results Compared with the model control group, PI and the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 in serum were significantly decreased in ursolic acid high-dose,and low dose groups ( P<0. 05 ) . Moreover, the pathological changes of prostate were improved significantly. Conclusion Ursolic acid has certain therapy effects on chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, which may be related to its regulating the expressions of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10.

Independent research and development of hepatitis B five internal quality control products by the detection of ELISA / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To use ELISA detecting self‐developed hepatitis B five internal quality control products .Methods Hepa‐titis B five positive sera by the detection of ELISA were diluted through optimal ratio ,and were homemade indoor quality control materials .Results Self‐control materials and commodities were simultaneously detected by ELISA ,and the test results were com‐pared ,the two were no significant difference(P>0 .05);Self‐control materials continuously detected by ELISA ,its batch variation were less than 15% ,and stability was in line with the requirements .Conclusion Self‐developed hepatitis B five indoor quality con‐trol materials are made simply ,have good stability ,are satisfied control effect ,and have promotional value .

Study on the postmortem change of plasma and urine concentrations of H-FABP in rat / 医学研究生学报

Objective: To observe the changes of heart-type fatty acid binding-protein(H-FABP) in the femoral vein(periphe ral blood) and urine of rats with myocardial infarction in different postmortem intervals. Methods: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was duplicated by ligating the anterior branch of the left coronary artery following the method of Johns in rats. Concentrations of H-FABP were detected with enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Results: The concentrations of H-FABP in experiment group were obviously higher than that in control group. Along with the time, the concentrations of H-FABP in experiment group rose consistently, the concentration of H-FABP in 12 h group rose markedly, and it was obviously higher than in 48h that in 24h. The H-FABP concentrations in urine of the experiment group were obviouslyhigher than the one in control group. The urine concentrations of H-FABP in experiment group increased by wavy in postmortem intervals, the concentration of H-FABP in (6h) group was obviouslyhigher than that in 0h group, 12h and 24h postmortem, the H-FABP concentrations decreased, but still higher than that of 0h group and 48h group, the concentration of H-FABP rose markedly and washigher than 6h group. Conclusion: Affected by autolysis, the H-FABP concentrations of plasma and urine appeared abnormal raise and can not be used in postmortem diagnosis of AMI.

Study of plasma transforming growth factor-beta 1 level as a useful tumor marker in various cancers

BACKGROUND: Many investigators have found transforming growth factor-1 (TGF-1) to be elevated in tumors. Changes in responsiveness to TGF-1 have been linked to malignant transformation, tumor progression and tumor regression. Many malignant cell lines of epithelial or hematopoietic origin are refractory to the antiproliferative effects of TGF-1. However, a little is known about the association of TGF-1 with progression of malignant tumor. METHODS: In this study, we measured the plasma level of TGF-1 in various cancer patients and evaluated the utility of plasma TGF-1 as a possible tumor marker. Plasma TGF-1 levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in cancer patients and normal controls. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as tumor marker were compared with TGF-1 in the aspects of sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS: The mean of plasma TGF-1 levels was 1.2 19 +/-0.834 ng/ml in normal controls, 5.491 +/-3.598 ng/ml in breast cancer, 12.670 +/-10.386 ng/ml in lung cancer, 5.747 +/-3.228 ng/ml in hepatocellular carcinoma and 10.854 +/-7.996 ng/ml in cervical cancer. In comparison with CEA and AFP, TGF-1 is more sensitive. CONCLUSION: We conclude that the high levels of TGF-1 are common in the plasma of cancer patients. These result s suggest that the plasma TGF-1 level can be a potent tumor marker in various cancer patients.

Detección de anticuerpos contra la proteína de 24 kd del VIH-1: Correlación clínico serológica

Se estudió la presencia de anticuerpos contra la proteína de 24 kd del VIH mediante el empleo paralelo del Western Blot DAVIH BLOT y del DAVIH AC P24 en muestras de suero de 176 pacientes en diferentes estadíos de la infección por VIH-1. Los resultados se correlacionaron con la clasificación clínica del paciente al momento de la toma de muestra y con la evolución posterior durante 6 meses. El 57 % de los pacientes con infecciones oportunistas menores y el 96 % de los enfermos de SIDA presentaron títulos bajos de anticuerpos. Los fallecidos no mostraron reactividad o presentaron títulos muy bajos en muestras tomadas antes del fallecimiento. Se observaron diferentes titulaciones en grupos de sueros con reactividad aparentemente uniforme en el Western Blot. Los resultados indican una adecuada correlaciòn clínico serológica; por lo que el ELISA DAVIH AC P24 pudiera ser útil en el seguimiento clínico de personas infectadas por el VIH-1.

The presence of antibodies against the HIV protein of 24 kd was studies by the parallel use of the DAVIH BLOT Western Blot and of the DAVIH AC P24 ELISA in serum samples from 176 patients at different HIV-1 infection stages. The results were correlated with the clinical classification of the patient at the moment of taking the sample and with the further evolution during 6 months. 57 % of the patients with opportunistic minor infections and 96 % of AIDS patients had low antibodies titres. Dead pattients showed no reactivity or presented very low titres in samples taken before dying. Different titrations were observed in serum groups with an apparently uniform reactivity in the Western Blot. The results show and adequate clinical and serological correlation. Therefore, the DAVIH AC P24 ELISA could be useful in the clinical follow-up of HIV-1 infected persons.

Neurocysticercosis-Surgical and Medical Management with Praziquantel

The eight patients of neurocysticercosis have been diagnosed from 1985 to 1987 in the department of neurosurgery at The Baptist Hospital. Six patients had parenchymal cysts, one had a racemose cyst and the other one had a mixed cyst. The blood serum and CSF ELISA on six patients had a positive reaction for cysticercosis but the follow-up ELISA titers were variable three months later on these four. The racemose and mixed cysts were removed surgically due to mass effect and followed by praziquantel therapy. The parenchymal cysts were treated with praziquantel only. Praziquantel was given daily at 50mg/kg of body weight for two weeks or 30mg/kg of body weight for three weeks. The common side effects of praziquantel were headache, dizziness, nausea, seizure and focal neurological deficits. These side effects could be prevented or minimized by corticosteroid. The result of praziquantel therapy was excellent in all the patients except the mixed cyst.

Neurocysticercosis-Surgical and Medical Management with Praziquantel

The eight patients of neurocysticercosis have been diagnosed from 1985 to 1987 in the department of neurosurgery at The Baptist Hospital. Six patients had parenchymal cysts, one had a racemose cyst and the other one had a mixed cyst. The blood serum and CSF ELISA on six patients had a positive reaction for cysticercosis but the follow-up ELISA titers were variable three months later on these four. The racemose and mixed cysts were removed surgically due to mass effect and followed by praziquantel therapy. The parenchymal cysts were treated with praziquantel only. Praziquantel was given daily at 50mg/kg of body weight for two weeks or 30mg/kg of body weight for three weeks. The common side effects of praziquantel were headache, dizziness, nausea, seizure and focal neurological deficits. These side effects could be prevented or minimized by corticosteroid. The result of praziquantel therapy was excellent in all the patients except the mixed cyst.

Application of Polymerase Chain Reaction in Checking Human Cytomegalovirus o f Cerebral Palsy Children / 实用儿科临床杂志

Objective To explore the clinical application and significance of polymerase chain reactio n(PCR) in checking human cytomegalovirus (HCMV)in cerebral palsy children. Methods Collecting urine and serum of 56 cerebral palsy (CP) children,using PCR to detec t CMV DNA from urine,isolate CMV from urine,and indirect enzyme-linked immuno so rbent assay(ELISA) detecting CMV IgM、IgG of serum.Results In 56 cases,53.6%cases were CMV DNA positive,there were 9 cases CMV isolation,o bserving CMV characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) and the positive value of se rum CMV IgM、IgG was 12.5%,37.5% respectively.The positive value in isolation o f the virus and CMV IgM was 100%,10% corresponding with that of CMV DNA.Comp ared the 2 former with the latter,it was significant(P0.05).Conclusions Using PCR can detect CMV DNA from CP children with CMV infection quickly.It can apply in detecting CMV in CP and provide credible evidence for intervention as f ar as early in children with CP. J Appl Clin Pediatr,2005,20(2):157-159

The Clinical Significance of Anti-LSP Antibodies in the Sera of Patients with Viral Hepatitis: An Evaluation with SPA-RIA & ELISA / 第三军医大学学报

Antibodies against LSP in the sera of 168 patients with various types of viral hepatitis were determined with SPA-RIA. The sera of another group of 178 patients (109 of them were from the first group) with viral hepatitis were studied with ELISA for the same antibodies, which were further divided into three categories, that is, IgG, IgM and IgA classes. The results of 109 patients examined with both of the two methods, indicated that anti-LSP antibodies measured by SPA-RIA might mainly represent anti-LSP IgG class. It was found that circu-lating anti-LSP antibodies could easily be detected in most patients with either acute or chronic hepatitis. After analyzing the-results, the authors suggest that the humoral immune response against LSP might not be the sole initiating factor in the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis, they are more likely the result of the antigen variation of the injured liver cells.