Erectile Dysfunction and Premature Ejaculation Comorbidity Diagnosis and Treatment by Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Chinese Expert Consensus / 中国实验方剂学杂志

At present，there is a lack of consensus on the diagnosis， treatment and management of erectile dysfunction（ED）/premature ejaculation（PE） comorbidity in China. To develop a clinical diagnosis and treatment strategy for ED/PE comorbidity， according to the guidelines for ED/PE comorbidity published in China and abroad in recent years and combined with the clinical practice of many urology and andrology research units in China，the clinical experts organized by the Branch of Sexology of Traditional Chinese Medicine， China Sexology Association formed this consensus through consensus drafting， academic review， expert correspondence interview and full discussion at the review meeting based on the existing evidence-based medical evidence. Based on the clinical experience of doctors，research evidence，patients' wishes and living environment factors，this consensus comprehensively evaluates the diagnosis and treatment norms of ED/PE comorbidity with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine，aiming at the diagnosis and treatment orientation and value of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine，so as to benefit the whole process management of more patients. Traditional Chinese medicine diagnosis pays attention to the collection of four diagnostic information of inspection， auscultation， inquiry and palpation， and carries out pattern differentiation of six meridians， pattern differentiation of Wei-defence， Qi， Ying nutrients and blood， and pattern differentiation of zang-fu organs as described in the Shanghanlun （《伤寒论》）. Based on the synergy of traditional Chinese and Western medicine， the advantages of the overall regulation of traditional Chinese medicine are brought into play， and the individualized treatment of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine is implemented. Internal treatment of traditional Chinese medicine is based on the pattern differentiation of yin and yang described in Section Ⅱ， Chapter Ⅳ Syndrome Differentiation of Surgical Diseases in Surgery of Traditional Chinese Medicine. As stated in Leijing： Yinyanglei （《类经·阴阳类》）， "Human diseases ... must have their roots， either in Yin or in Yang. Although there are many pathological changes， their roots are one." Huangdineijing：Suwen： Yinyangyingxiangdalun（《黄帝内经·素问·阴阳应象大论》） states that "Those who are good at diagnosis should look at the color and pulse， and differentiate Yin and Yang syndromes first." This consensus describes the yang and yin syndromes according to the principle that "Yin and Yang syndromes differentiation should be the priority in the pattern differentiation by the eight principles." In addition， for the syndromes of ED/PE comorbidity， based on the same treatment of different diseases， Chaihu Guizhitang， Wenjingtang and Buzhong Yiqitang are used， which can be referred to.

Tratamento endovascular da disfunção erétil por fístula arterioesponjosa traumática: relato de caso / Endovascular treatment of erectile dysfunction by arteriospongiosum traumatic fistula: case report

A disfunção erétil (DE) representa um distúrbio comum de caráter multifatorial. Os autores relatam um caso de paciente vítima de trauma perineal evoluindo com DE por fístula da artéria bulbar para o corpo esponjoso peniano, promovendo um shunt arteriovenoso culminando com déficit de ereção, congestão peniana e dor. O mesmo foi submetido ao tratamento endovascular por embolização com sucesso e encontra-se no sexto mês de acompanhamento ambulatorial, com retorno às suas atividades sexuais e sem queixas de rigidez peniana e dor.

The erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common multifactorial disorder . The authors report a case of perineal trauma patients with evolving secondary bulbar penile artery fistula to the spongy body, promoting an arteriovenous shunt culminating with a deficit of erection, congestion and penile pain. The same was treated by endovascular embolization with success and is in 6¢ªmonths of follow up with return to sexual activity and no complaints of penile rigidity and pain.

Role of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia/Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms / 대한남성과학회지

There is strong evidence from multiple epidemiological studies that benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) induced lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are correlated with erectile dysfunction (ED). Although a direct causal relationship is not established yet, four pathophysiological mechanisms can explain the relationship. These include alteration in activity of nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic GMP signal pathway, autonomic hyperactivity, increased Rho kinase/Rho A pathway and pelvic atherosclerosis. Androgens have been suggested to have an important role in the maintenance of the functional and structural integrity of the urinary tract. Sexual function should be assessed and discussed with the patient when choosing the appropriate management strategy for LUTS, as well as when evaluating the patient's response to treatment. Multiple large clinical trials have shown an improvement in LUTS after phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5)-inhibitor treatment. Sildenafil is a pioneer of this clinical trial and appears to improve both erectile function and LUTS in subjects with ED. Basically PDE5 I with long half life is an appropriate candidate, therefore tadalafil and undenafil had been used to evaluate both diseases. Placebo-controlled trials of tadalafil showed improvement of LUTS secondary to BPH, but none of the studies showed a significant effect on urodynamic measures. PDE5 Is, such as sildenafil and tadalafil, increase the concentration of cGMP in plasma and smooth muscle, facilitating erection of the penis, relaxation of the bladder neck and prostate and subsequent bladder emptying. And theses PDE5 Is increase cAMP and cGMP levels and are more highly distributed in the prostate than plasma. These findings may help in the assessment of the feasibility of using PDE5 Is to concurrently treat both LUTS and ED.

The inhibitive effect of siRNA on the phosphodiesterase type 5 in smooth muscle cells of human corpus cavernosum / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective To investigate the inhibitive effect of siRNA(small interfering RNA,siRNA) on the phosphodiesterase type 5(PDE5) in smooth muscle cells of human corpus cavernosum,and provide experimental groundwork for the gene therapy of erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods Small interfering RNAs targeting PDE5 gene were systhesized by using web design software provided by Ambion,there siRNAs and control siRNA were systhesized by Ambion. SiRNAs were transfected into smooth muscle cells of human corpus cavernosum by using siPORTTM Lipid reagent;down-regulation of PDE5 mRNA was detected by RT-PCR;the inhibitive effect of PDE5 was detected by Western Blotting. Results The results of RT-PCR indicated siRNA1、siRNA2 and siRNA3 made down-regulations of PDE5 mRNA expression in the transfected groups 58.2%、14.9% and 11.8%;the PDE5 expression decreased 70.5%、19.8% and 17.3%;however the expression did not have different in control siRNA and frank group. Conclusions The synthesized siRNAs in vitro were able to down-regulate the expression of PDE5.There were different capabilities of the specific siRNAs down-regulation.It was suggested that the siRNA technique provide not only an extremely powerful tool for the functional analysis of genome but also a new method for ED gene therapy.

Association between Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms and Erectile Dysfunction / 대한비뇨기과학회지

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to assess whether there was an association between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 79 patients who had LUTS, between January 2002 and July 2004, were randomly retrospectively analyzed. LUTS and ED were assessed by validated symptom scales, including the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), the Danish Prostate Symptom Score1 (DAN-PSS1) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF). The patients were divided into three group according to age; younger than 60 (group I), 60 to 69 (group II), and 70 years or older (group III). RESULTS: The mean age was 62.6+/-9.19 years. Prevalence rate of mild, moderate and severe LUTS were 12.9, 67.7 and 19.4% in group I, 8.3, 58.3 and 33.4% in group II, and 16.6, 54.2 and 29.2% in group III, respectively. The mean IIEF scores by IPSS according to the severity were 39.8, 38.4 and 28.7 in group I and 54.5, 39.8, and 24.3 in group II and 29.5, 16.5 and 15.6 in group III, retrospectively. In each group, the IIEF score decreased with increasing IPSS, LUTS was also shown to be statistically significantly correlated with the presence of ED (p=0.028). No statistical significance was found between the IPSS and DAN-PSS1 (p=0.740). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that ED was highly prevalent among patients with LUTS, and erectile function should be evaluated in the patients with LUTS for the management of ED and to improve the quality of life of these patients.